Unlock document.
This document is partially blurred.
Unlock all pages and 1 million more documents.
Get Access
1. Which is the Latin term meaning “father of his country,” which is implied to mean that the government is the true
guardian of the needy and infirmed children?
a.
Provisore cura
b.
Pater inquilinis
c.
Parens patriae
d.
Phylaca claustra
2. __________________ were a sixteenth-century English set of laws by which vagrants and abandoned and neglected
children were bound to masters as indentured servants.
a.
Chancery laws
b.
Child-saver laws
c.
Poor laws
d.
Vagrant laws
3. Civic leaders who focused their attention on the misdeeds of poor children to control their behavior were called:
a.
Life savers
b.
Child savers
c.
Guardian investors
d.
Delinquent stakeholders
4. In 1816, The Society for the Prevention of Pauperism was established to:
a.
Provide counsel for youth at trial.
b.
Provide indigent youth a family-like environment away from a life of crime.
c.
Transport indigent youth to orphanages in England and Ireland.
d.
Establish sanitary conditions in juvenile holding facilities and prisons.
5. When the first House of Refuge opened in New York the Society for the Prevention of Pauperism and the
__________________ were influential in establishing such positive
a.
Quakers
b.
Amish
c.
Mennonites
d.
Southern Baptist
6. The first juvenile court was established in which state in 1899?
a.
Ohio
b.
New York
c.
Illinois
d.
Virginia
7. The Juvenile Court Act of 1899 set up an independent court to handle criminal law violations by children under 16
years of age as well as created:
a.
A probation department to monitor youth.
b.
Educational opportunities for wayward youth.
c.
Juvenile magistrates to handle violent crimes.
d.
Singular holding cells for children instead of being housed with adults.
8. The case of the Kent v. United States (1966) ruled that:
a.
Juveniles had the right to an attorney at a waiver hearing.
b.
Juveniles must be housed in separate quarters from adult prisoners.
c.
Juveniles must be given leniency with regard to their age for status offenses.
d.
Education must be provided in juvenile facilities holding criminal youth.
9. The ___________________________ established the a federal office on delinquency prevention and was enacted to
identify the needs of youth and to fund programs aimed at deterring juvenile crime.
a.
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974
b.
Juvenile Justice Recognition Act of 1977
c.
Delinquency Prevention and Rehabilitation Act of 1969
d.
Youth Offender and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1979
10. Which of the following cases ruled that the level of evidence for the finding of juvenile delinquency is proof beyond a
reasonable doubt?
a.
In re Gault (1967)
b.
In re Winship (1970)
c.
Breed v. Jones (1975)
d.
New Jersey v. Martin Township Correctional Facility (1977)
11. Which case held that the Fourth Amendment guarantee against unreasonable searches is not violated by drug testing
all students who choose to participate in interscholastic athletics.
a.
In re Gault
b.
Vernonia School District v. Acton
c.
Miller v. Alabama
d.
Prominent Academy v. Hayes
12. In 1974, Congress passed the ______________________, which provides funds to states to bolster their services for
maltreated children and their parents.
a.
Juvenile Justice Reformation Act
b.
Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act
c.
No Child Left Behind Act
d.
Child Neglect and Maltreatment Act
13. According to the shifting philosophies of juvenile justice outlined in the text, the time from 1950 to 1970 recognized
that:
a.
Juveniles must be treated differently than adults.
b.
A rising crime rate had mandated a get-tough approach on juvenile crime.
c.
The rehabilitation model and the protective nature of the parens patriae had failed to prevent delinquency.
d.
Drug courts were necessary for reducing the number of nonviolent juveniles sentenced to jail time.
14. Which of the following is not a Supreme Court case dealing with searching for drugs in association with students or
school?
a.
Board of Education of Independent School District No. 92 of Pottawatomie County et al. v. Earls et al.
b.
Unified School District v. Redding
c.
Marshall Country Schools v. Gillingham
d.
Vernonia School District No. 47 v. Acton
15. The temporary care of a child alleged to be a delinquent or status offender who requires secure custody, pending a
court disposition is called:
a.
Detention.
b.
Custodial holding.
c.
Juvenile confinement.
d.
Juvenile holding.
16. The landmark case of Schall v. Martin upheld the right of states to:
a.
Detain a child before trial for his or her protection or public safety.
b.
Remove abusive parents from delinquent youths’ homes.
c.
Waive juveniles to adult court for violent offenses.
d.
Waive children as young as 16 years to adult court for certain offenses.
17. A practice in which the juvenile court relinquishes its jurisdiction over a juvenile and transfers the case to adult court
is called:
a.
Abdication.
b.
Renunciation.
c.
Adult disclaimer.
d.
Waiver.
18. Which of the following is a type of waiver that, after a transfer hearing at which both prosecutor and defense attorney
present evidence, a juvenile court judge may decide to waive jurisdiction and transfer the case to criminal court?
a.
Direct file waiver
b.
Judicial waiver
c.
Blended sentencing waiver
d.
Transfer waiver
19. The hearing in which a judge decides whether to waive a juvenile to criminal court is called a:
a.
Transfer hearing.
b.
Resettlement hearing.
c.
Conveying hearing.
d.
Judicial hearing.
20. In the juvenile system, the initial appearance most likely resembles the which of the following in adult court?
a.
Grand jury
b.
Arraignment
c.
Preliminary hearing
d.
Trial phase
21. For juvenile offenders, the ____________________ is equivalent to the sentencing phase in an adult criminal case.
a.
Preliminary hearing
b.
Initial appearance
c.
Disposition
d.
Rendering
22. The decision of a judge who orders an adjudicated and sentenced juvenile offender to be placed in a correctional
facility.
a.
commitment
b.
condemnation
c.
decree
d.
adjudication verdict
23. Which of the following involves treating offenders who would normally have been sent to a secure treatment facility
as part of a very small probation caseload that receives almost daily scrutiny?
a.
Juvenile intensive probation supervision
b.
Juvenile treatment plans
c.
Intensive juvenile dispositions
d.
Juvenile parole
24. A balanced, highly structured, comprehensive continuum of intervention for serious and violent juvenile offenders
returning to the community is known as a(n):
a.
Intensive aftercare program.
b.
Intensive juvenile probation supervision.
c.
Jasper Aftercare Program.
d.
Deinstitutionalization programs.
25. Which landmark U.S. Supreme Court case held that juveniles have the same right to due process at trial as adults?
a.
Kent v. United States (1966)
b.
Breed v. Jones (1975)
c.
Fare v. Michael C (1979)
d.
In re Gault (1967)
26. Which landmark U.S. Supreme Court case extended Miranda Warning protection to juveniles?
a.
Kent v. United States (1966)
b.
Breed v. Jones (1975)
c.
Fare v. Michael C (1979)
d.
In re Gault (1967)
27. Which Amendment prohibits the death penalty for persons under the age of 18 years?
a.
Fourth
b.
Fifth
c.
Eighth
d.
Eighteenth
28. Which of the following is not a consideration with regard to whether or not a juvenile apprehended in the act of
committing a crime is referred to juvenile court?
a.
Offense seriousness
b.
The child’s past contacts with the police
c.
Cooperation
d.
Probable cause.
29. Under which of the following type of waiver does the prosecutor have the discretion of filing separate charges for
certain legislatively designated offenses in either juvenile or criminal court?
a.
Judicial waiver
b.
Reverse waiver
c.
Direct filec
d.
Excluded offense
30. Under which of the following type of waiver is a case against a juvenile that is heard in an adult court sent back to
juvenile court because the judge believes the juvenile court could offer better service to the defendant.
a.
Judicial waiver
b.
Reverse waiver
c.
Direct file
d.
Excluded offense
CASE 15.1
Aubrey Jamison, a 17-year-old student, is arrested for possession of marijuana in her high school after an
anonymous tip led the principal and guidance counselor to search her locker and the belongings therein. A small
about of the narcotic and three prescription-strength oxycodone pills were found in her purse. Given this
information, answer the following questions.
31. Aubrey’s parents sued the school district, stating that the search was unconstitutional and that without a valid warrant
the search should not have been allowed. Based on Supreme Court rulings:
a.
The Jamisons would lose based on New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985).
b.
The Jamisons would lose based on Tennant v. Wilksbury School District (1999).
c.
The Jamisons would win based on the fact the principal is not allowed to search a student’s locker and
possessions because of his or her position of power.
d.
The Jamisons would win based on Terry v. Bradshaw (1978).
32. If upon finding the prescription drugs, the principal and guidance counsel conducted a strip search on Ms. Jamison, the
Court would rule that:
a.
This was legal based on New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985).
b.
This was a violation of Ms. Jamison’s Sixth Amendment right to due process.
c.
This was a violation of Ms. Jamison’s Fourth Amendment right to unreasonable search and seizure.
d.
This was legal under the Eighth Amendment.
33. Given that this was Ms. Jamison’s first offense and that she is a model student, it is likely the judge will focus on
providing her treatment in a court for substance abusers known as a:
a.
Drug court.
b.
Narcotics court.
c.
Medicinal court.
d.
Treatment court.
CASE 15.2
Keith Reed, a 15-year-old white male with no prior arrests is brought in for questioning for larceny of several
hundred dollars worth of computer parts from a warehouse in downtown Cincinnati. Using this information, walk
Mr. Reed through the juvenile court system.
34. After questions, Mr. Reed was arrested. He was released to his parents as he was not deemed a threat risk. If he was
deemed a risk to himself or to the community he would have been:
a.
Given psychiatric counseling before the system would move forward.
b.
Detained.
c.
Waived to adult court.
d.
Released on bail.
35. Given the nature of the case, the decision whether to file charges in criminal court and waive the juvenile is placed in
the hands of the prosecutor. This is called:
a.
Direct file waiver.
b.
Prosecutorial waiver.
c.
Adjunct waiver.
d.
Reverse waiver.
36. If the case was moved to adult court because of the nature of the crime, resulting in a felony based on the worth of the
property stolen, but the judge later finds that the juvenile would be better served in the juvenile system, this would be an
example of a(n):
a.
Direct file waiver.
b.
Adjunct waiver.
c.
Reverse waiver.
d.
Converse waiver.
37. If the decision was to leave the juvenile in the adult criminal courts; the decision of the judge to place the offender in a
correctional facility would be called:
a.
Placement.
b.
Commitment.
c.
Charging.
d.
Disposition.
CASE 15.3
A 16-year-old female is arrested for the third time in a two-year period for possession of drugs, curfew violations,
and obstruction of justice for lying to police. Given this information, answer the following questions.
38. The commonly used formal sanction for juveniles is probation; however, in this case an alternative correctional
practice was implemented that uses daily supervision by an assigned probation officer and may include other restrictions
and penalties that may be more useful. This practice is called:
a.
Intensive probation supervision.
b.
Rigorous supervision.
c.
Arduous probation and supervision.
d.
Juvenile adjudication.
39. Because of a rise in gang-related crime in the juvenile’s neighborhood and school district, the city will begin using
what program used in all 50 states to combat juvenile criminal violence?
a.
G.R.E.A.T.
b.
D.A.R.E.
c.
D.A.R.T.
d.
T.E.C.
40. Because she threatened to kill herself after her third arrest, the court ruled that which temporary care of a delinquent
who may harm herself be given?
a.
Custodial care
b.
Detention
c.
Reformatory housing
d.
Civil abatement
41. At her juvenile sentencing or _________________, the female was given one year in juvenile detention with
mandatory drug counseling and anger management.
a.
Disposition
b.
Decree hearing
c.
Initial appearance
d.
Waiver hearing
42. Poor laws were sixteenth-century English laws under which vagrants and abandoned children were bound to masters
as indentured servants.
a.
True
b.
False
43. The Quakers were influential in rehabilitation methods for children as early as the 1800s.
a.
True
b.
False
44. The main idea of the Children’s Aid Society was to place children in rural homes, mostly farms, to remove these
wayward youth from the harsh environment of city living.
a.
True
b.
False
45. Boston, Massachusetts, was the first to establish a juvenile court in 1888 after two high-profile juvenile murder cases.
a.
True
b.
False
46. In early juvenile courts, youth were encouraged to admit their guilt in open court, which is a violation of the Fourth
Amendment.
a.
True
b.
False
47. Truancy is not considered a status offense because school violations fall under a different law code.
a.
True
b.
False
48. The teen court movement is one of the fastest-growing delinquency intervention programs in the country.
a.
True
b.
False
49. Once taken into custody, a child has the same Fourth Amendment Rights as an adult.
a.
True
b.
False
50. Miranda laws do not apply to juveniles under the age of 18 years.
a.
True
b.
False
51. Detention can be used only for violent crimes and is not permissible for status offenses.
a.
True
b.
False
52. Federal courts have not found it necessary to rule on the issue of a juvenile’s right to bail.
a.
True
b.
False
53. The prosecutor has the final say in a direct-file waiver claim.
a.
True
b.
False
54. The Supreme Court has ruled that life sentences without the opportunity for parole cannot be given to juveniles.
a.
True
b.
False
55. The most commonly used formal sanction for juveniles is incarceration.
a.
True
b.
False
56. Since passage in 1974, all 50 states now participate in some aspect with the deinstitutionalization mandate.
a.
True
b.
False
57. There are still over twenty states that do not mandate a minimum age beneath which a juvenile cannot be transferred
to adult court.
a.
True
b.
False
58. The New York House of Refuge was one of the first child-saving programs and was first opened in 1825.
a.
True
b.
False
59. The first recognized juvenile court was established in Illinois in 1899.
a.
True
b.
False
60. Although heralded as a great liberal reform, modern scholars have come to view the creation of early juvenile courts
as merely a continuation of the struggle between the rich and the poor.
a.
True
b.
False
61. Most juveniles found “delinquent” in the early juvenile courts were sent to adult prison.
a.
True
b.
False
62. Recent empirical research has shown that police are more likely to arrest juveniles based on their attitudes.
a.
True
b.
False
63. Research shows that police use the same interrogation tactics on juveniles that they do on adults.
a.
True
b.
False
64. The U.S. Supreme court has repeatedly upheld the drug testing of student athletes.
a.
True
b.
False
65. Over half of the referrals to juvenile court never proceed beyond the intake stage.
a.
True
b.
False
66. The Latin term, meaning “father of his country,” that refers to the power of the state to act on behalf of those children
who cannot is called ______________________.
67. Civil leaders known as the ___________________ focused on the misdeeds of poor children to control their behavior
in the 1800s.
68. Courts whose main focus is providing treatment for youths accused of substance abuse crimes are
called____________________.
69. The Federal courts have not found it necessary to rule on the issue of _______________ for juveniles because liberal
statutory release provisions act as alternatives.
70. The temporary care of a juvenile who may be a danger to himself or herself or to the community is known as
______________________.
71. The hearing in which a judge decides to waive a juvenile to adult court is called a ____________________.
72. Laws regarding waivers that either provide juvenile courts with criminal sentencing options or allow criminal courts to
impose juvenile dispositions are called ___________________________.
73. A juvenile’s first appearance before a juvenile judge is called the _________________.
74. The removal of as many youths from secure confinement as possible, which was set forth by the Juvenile Justice and
Delinquency Act of 1974, is known as __________________.
75. ____________________ programs, are balanced, highly structured, comprehensive continuums of intervention for
serious and violent juvenile offenders returning to the community.
76. The genesis of the modern practice of separating juvenile and adult offenders can be traced back to poor laws and
_____________________ courts.
77. A primary goal of Charles Loring Brace’s __________________________ was the relocation of troubled inner city
youths to more rural parts of the country to work on farms.
78. In early juvenile courts, the standard of proof required to secure a conviction was lowered from “beyond a reasonable
doubt” to _____________________
79. The landmark U.S. Supreme Court case of ___________________________ held that school officials could search a
student without violating Fourth Amendment protections if the student committed an offense in violation of the school
rules.
80. The act of truancy is considered a(n) ______________ offense.
81. Juvenile __________________ is classified as illegal behavior engaged in by a minor under a statutory age limit.
82. The primary purpose of juvenile proceedings is _______________________ as opposed to punishment.
83. A ____________________ is a police officer typically assigned to work in schools.
84. Warrantless searches in schools are based on the legal standard of _________________________
85. Discuss the history of the juvenile justice system abroad and in the United States until the mid-1800s.
86. Discuss the key factors associated with the reform movement that began in the United States in the mid-1800s. What
positive and negative acts originated from this time?
87. Define drug courts. What does research show about the success or failure of these programs? Explain
88. Discuss police processing of juvenile offenders and be sure to include how discretion plays a role in this process.
89. Discuss the legal rights of students in the school setting. In your discussion, include three significant Supreme Court
cases that have shaped this area of the Fourth Amendment.
90. Explain the juvenile court process from start to end. Provide an example juvenile offender and walk him or her
through the system.
91. Define the process of the juvenile waiver. What are the five main forms of waiver, and what key variables must be
considered to waive a juvenile to adult court? Finally, what does research say about whether juveniles should or should
not be waived to adult court?
92. Discuss sentencing reform with regard to juveniles. What significant impacts have been made over the years?
93. Elaborate on what the future of the juvenile justice system looks like. In this explanation, Provide examples of
changes (or the lack thereof) that led you to your conclusion.
94. Compare and contrast juvenile and adult courts.
95. Explain the juvenile detention process.
