CASE 7.2
Detective Smith is a fourteen-year police veteran who has been working in internal
affairs for the past four years. He was assigned to internal affairs to investigate
allegations of police misconduct and corruption. While working as a police officer,
he put himself through law school in the evenings and received his law license six
years ago. Although he enjoyed being a road patrol officer, he feels it is more
important to protect the citizens of the community against the few corrupt police
officers who may exist on his police force.
Detective Smith learns that there are potentially two types of corrupt officers, including:
a. Meat eaters and grass eaters.
b. Grass eaters and candy eaters.
c. Candy eaters and meat eaters.
d. Beer drinkers and liquor drinkers.
According to the Innocence Project, which of the following is not a reason for giving a
false confession to a crime?
a. Potential profitability
b. Coercion
c. Duress
d. Mental impairment
Most current empirical evidence suggests that three-strike laws are a deterrent for
violent offenders.
a. True
b. False
The _____________Amendment guarantees the right to confront any prosecution
witnesses.
a. Fourth
b. Fifth
c. Sixth
d. Eighth
Ethical behavior is particularly important in law enforcement because police officers
have the authority to deprivepeople of their liberty, and use physical, and even deadly
force.
a. True
b. False
Cost-effectiveness is one of the unifying principles of evidence-based justice efforts.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is not a branch of the Department of Homeland Security?
a. Customs and Border Protection
b. Department of Justice
c. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
d. U.S. Secret Service
It is possible to defend against a speeding ticket by claiming a mistake of fact.
a. True
b. False
At what stage of the formal criminal justice process does the defendant enter a plea of
guilty or not guilty?
a. Arraignment
b. Criminal trial
c. Bail hearing
d. Preliminary hearing
Force is mostly used on minorities and people under the age of 29.
a. True
b. False
Police departments with more restrictions on the use of force have lower shooting rates.
a. True
b. False
CASE 15.1
Aubrey Jamison, a 17-year-old student, is arrested for possession of marijuana in
her high school after an anonymous tip led the principal and guidance counselor to
search her locker and the belongings therein. A small about of the narcotic and
three prescription-strength oxycodone pills were found in her purse. Given this
information, answer the following questions.
Aubrey’s parents sued the school district, stating that the search was unconstitutional
and that without a valid warrant the search should not have been allowed. Based on
Supreme Court rulings:
a. The Jamisons would lose based on New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985).
b. The Jamisons would lose based on Tennant v. Wilksbury School District (1999).
c. The Jamisons would win based on the fact the principal is not allowed to search a
student’s locker and possessions because of his or her position of power.
d. The Jamisons would win based on Terry v. Bradshaw (1978).
CASE 2.3
Mary, a student at a community college in New York, is in the United States on a
student visa that allows her to remain in the United States until she obtains her
master’s degree in biology. She is considering returning to her home country
because she is concerned with the increase in crime at her college and in the
surrounding area. Mary attempts to find information on the crime rates in her
hometown to compare to those in the city where she currently attends college.
Why will it be difficult for Mary to compare the crime rates in a U.S. city with her
hometownof London, England?
a. England does not have any crime statistics that are available to civilians.
b. There are differences in the way crime is measured.
c. England is a dictatorship and manipulates crime rates so that their country appears to
be safe.
d. Only solved cases are included in England’s crime rates.
The lack of capable guardians is a cornerstone of routine activities theory.
a. True
b. False
Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds is
called a(n):
a. Fine.
b. Tariff.
c. Impose charge.
d. Duty tax.
As compared with jail and prison sentences for drug-related crimes, community-based
drug programs have shown:
a. More recidivism.
b. Less recidivism.
c. More violence among participants.
d. No difference.
The media tends to focus on Level IV cases of the wedding cake model of justice.
a. True
b. False
The Chimel doctrine pertains to which of the following types of warrantless searches?
a. Field interrogations
b. Automobile searches
c. Consent searches
d. Searches incident to a lawful arrest
Research has found a correlation between increases in the prison population and
decreases in the crime rate.
a. True
b. False
In the next phase, Officer Simmons interviews Johnny and assesses his character,
attitude, and behavior in order to determine the best possible treatment. This process is
known as what?
a. Diagnosis
b. Risk classification
c. Presentence investigation
d. Treatment supervision
Poor laws were sixteenth-century English laws under which vagrants and abandoned
children were bound to masters as indentured servants.
a. True
b. False
The old saying, “The punishment should fit the crime,” is most fitting for which of the
following concepts?
a. Specific deterrence
b. Incapacitation
c. Retribution and Just Desserts
d. General deterrence
In the case of Griffin v. Wisconsin (1987), the U.S. Supreme Court held that it was legal
for probation officers to use trickery and deception to find out whether probationers
under their care were engaging in illegal activities.
a. True
b. False
Where was the first formal police department created in the United States in 1838?
a. New York
b. Philadelphia
c. Boston
d. Texas
The _____ Amendment is the vehicle used to apply the protection of the Bill of Rights
to the states.
a. Fourth
b. Fifth
c. Eighth
d. Fourteenth
Which style of policing suggests that the police should act as community problem
solvers?
a. Crime fighter
b. Social agent
c. Law enforcer
d. Watchman
The decline in the jail population reflects both a declining U.S. crime rate and greater
reliance on alternatives to incarceration.
a. True
b. False
What was the name of the organized private police that patrolled in
eighteenth-centuryEngland?
a. Constables
b. Shire reeves
c. Bobbies
d. Thief takers
Which of the following are substantive rights?
a. Access to the courts, legal service, and materials
b. Freedom of the press
c. Freedom of religion
d. All of these are substantive rights
A majority of criminal defendants are released on bail prior to the trial.
a. True
b. False
During __________________, the questioning of the prosecution witness by the
defense, or vice versa, occurs.
_______________ is concerned with making decisions that are arrived at through
proceduresthat are viewed as fair.
The most highly visible member of the police force is the ___________________
The common-law practice of __________________ allowed judges to suspend
punishment so that convicted offenders could seek a pardon, gather new evidence, or
demonstrate reformed behavior.
The ____________________ sentence is still the most widely used type of sentence in
the United States.
________________ are criminal acts directed toward a particular person or members of
a groupbecause they share a discernible racial, ethnic, religious, or gender
characteristic.
_________________ programs have been developed to help inmates cope with their
violent behavioral urges and tendencies.
As assessment of the threat level probationers pose to the public is called a
_________________.
What is suicide by cop and how common is it?
Answer:Answers will vary
What is AFIS, and how does it help law enforcement officers?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Invent an imaginary criminal and crime and explain in your own words how a
restorative justice approach may be used as a means of rehabilitation for your offender.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Explain the juvenile detention process.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Explain the role and functions of a judge in the U.S. court system.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Some states have established courts to handle specific offenses such as gun crimes, drug
crimes, and domestic violence. These are referred to as _______________________.
What is the insanity defense? Which test to determine insanity is used in the majority of
states?
Answer:Answers will vary.