Donald Clemmer’s book The Prison Community was one of the first to document the
inmate social code and subculture.
a. True
b. False
Annually about 70% of convicted felons are sentenced to some time in prison or jail.
a. True
b. False
The court decision of California v. Ciraola (1986) established which legal standard?
a. That the police do not need a search warrant to conduct flyover searches
b. That collection of trash by police officers does not amount to a search
c. That police searches of open fields must not include the curtilage
d. That police do need a search warrant when conducting low-altitude searches but
nothigh-altitude searches of properties
Which police style is associated with the preference to ignore issues of concern or treat
them informally, unless the social or political order is being jeopardized?
a. Crime fighter
b. Social agent
c. Law enforcer
d. Watchman
CASE 9.2
Assume that the United States is on the verge of passing mass immigration reform
laws that mandate the granting of immediate citizenship to all illegal aliens, of any
nationality, at the start of the new year. The legality of the case was heard in
federal court and is now in the hands of the Supreme Court. Given this
information, answer the following questions.
How many justices must agree that the matter is worth the Supreme Court’s hearing it
before the case will come before the court?
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. All members must agree
Which of the following is not a task performed by private police?
a. Surveillance via CCTV cameras
b. Escorting a fired employee out of the building
c. Providing a night watch to deter trespassing
d. Enforcing traffic laws by issuing citations to motorists
The concept of hot spots of crime is most closely associated with which model of
policing?
a. Intelligence-led policing
b. Police-community relations (PCR)
c. Community-oriented policing (COP)
d. Problem-oriented policing (POP)
CASE 12.1
John Lewis is a 28-year-old married man with one child who was laid off from his
job as a coal miner and was recently arrested for possession of drugs in rural West
Virginia. His attorney made it known during the court process that Mr. Lewis’s
arrest for prescription pain drugs without a valid prescription stemmed from an
injury he sustained years ago on the job. Given this information, answer the follow
questions:
After entering into the probation system, Mr. Lewis’s danger to the community was
assessed in a process called a(n):
a. Presentence report.
b. Risk assessment.
c. Risk classification.
d. Intake.
The overload hypothesis suggests that community crime rates may shape officer
discretion. Which type of factor is this?
a. Environmental
b. Victim
c. Crime
d. Peer
Offenders at Level of the “wedding cake” model of criminal justice have typically
committed aseriousoffense and will receive a prison term; however, they will not garner
much media attention.
a. IV
b. I
c. II
d. III
If a suspect asserts their Miranda Rights during interrogation and tells the policehe or
she wants an attorney, questioning may continue until the attorney arrives.
a. True
b. False
Assimilation into the separate culture of prison is known as:
a. Inmate social code
b. Prisonization
c. Inmate code
d. Inmate induction
Evidence obtained with a less than adequate search warrant may be admissible incourt
if the police officers acted in good faith when obtaining court approval for the search.
a. True
b. False
Which component of the criminal justice system has the largest budgets?
a. Police
b. Judicial
c. Executive
d. Correctional
Each state has its own body of criminal law, and offense severity. Therefore, sanctions
for various offenses can vary greatly from state to state.
a. True
b. False
CASE 15.3
A 16-year-old female is arrested for the third time in a two-year period for
possession of drugs, curfew violations, and obstruction of justice for lying to police.
Given this information, answer the following questions.
The commonly used formal sanction for juveniles is probation; however, in this case an
alternative correctional practice was implemented that uses daily supervision by an
assigned probation officer and may include other restrictions and penalties that may be
more useful. This practice is called:
a. Intensive probation supervision.
b. Rigorous supervision.
c. Arduous probation and supervision.
d. Juvenile adjudication.
The idea of sentencing circles originated following the Civil Rights Movement of the
1960s.
a. True
b. False
CASE 9.3
Donald Reed, a Vietnam Veteran and former engineer, was arrested for possession
of marijuana and resisting arrest after officers found him smoking the drug under
a bridge overpass in Cincinnati, Ohio. Mr. Reed is currently unemployed and is
homeless after divorcing his wife in 1999 and losing his job in 2006. Given this
information, answer the following questions.
Mr. Reed would be considered which of the following because he does have the funds
necessary to hire an attorney on his own?
a. Problem offender.
b. Indigent offender.
c. Contract offender.
d. Assigned offender.
Advocates of which justice perspective would advocate for the decriminalization of
marijuana?
a. Rehabilitation
b. Nonintervention
c. Equal justice
d. Crime control
Which of the following is the correct order of events?
a. Arraignment, preliminary hearing, plea, indictment
b. Preliminary hearing, indictment, arraignment, plea
c. Arraignment, preliminary hearing, indictment, plea
d. Indictment, preliminary hearing, arraignment, plea
Which model of policing believes that police need to aggressively target low-level
quality-oflifeoffenses?
a. Community-oriented policing
b. Rapid response
c. Procedural justice policing
d. Broken windows policing
The significance of the case of United States v. Granderson (1994) is that it clarified:
a. What can happen to a probationer whose community sentence is revoked.
b. The minimum and maximum sentence lengths for probation.
c. That probation cannot be revoked due to the inability to pay one’s fines.
d. When counsel is mandated for a revocation hearing.
The first juvenile court was established in which state in 1899?
a. Ohio
b. New York
c. Illinois
d. Virginia
Police agencies have always had the cooperation and respect of the communities
theyserve.
a. True
b. False
One effect of California’s Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act, which allows
offenders to participate in community-based drug programs, has been that:
a. Clients were nearly 50% less likely to be rearrested for a drug crime.
b. Clients were likely to be rearrested for a drug crime.
c. These programs have nearly 100% success rates for nonviolent offenders.
d. There is no indication that these community-based programs are linked to recidivism
at all.
What did the court forbid in Delaware v. Prouse regarding police practice
duringroadblock searches.
a. The use of police canines to sniff the vehicles stopped at the roadblock
b. The systematic stop and search of all vehicles at roadblocks
c. The random stops of vehicles in the absence of any reasonable suspicion that a law
hasbeen violated
d. The stops of vehicles for the driver’s driving under the influence
Over 90% of criminal cases end with guilty pleas.
a. True
b. False
What is the name of the effect stating that the values held by the baby boomers will
influencethe behavior of all citizens, even crime-prone teens?
a. Apathy
b. Contagion
c. Permissiveness
d. Relativity
For a guilty plea to be validated by the court it must be both understood and voluntary.
a. True
b. False
Laws should be written in language that is both clear and precise so as to avoid
confusion.
a. True
b. False
CASE 3.1
Mary and Louise are both 15 years old. Each was arrested and charged with
stealing a vehicle. Mary stole a car from the teacher’s parking lot at her school.
Louise stole her neighbor’s car when she decided that she wanted to drive to her
boyfriend. They both meet with Mr. Brown, a juvenile probation officer, who is to
recommend whether or not they should be detained in a juvenile detention center
prior to the disposition of their cases.
When Mr. Brown meets with Louise, he asks her the same questions he asked Mary
about her background. Louise explains that she has been arrested ten times before for
various charges, including drug possession, burglary, and assault.Louise also explains
that she has been diagnosed with ADHD and learning disabilities and that she does not
always know why she does the things she does.Which biosocial view of crime would
best explain Louise’s behavior?
a. Biochemical
b. Neurological
c. Genetic
d. Precipitation
Explain the constitutional requirements for stop-and-frisk searches.
Answer:Answers will vary.
____________________ is/are programs designed to bring police and the publiccloser
together and create a more cooperative environment between them.
The_____________________is comprised of the prosecutor, defense attorney, judge,
and other court personnelwho function to streamline the process of justice through the
extensive use of plea bargaining and other trialalternatives.
In early juvenile courts, the standard of proof required to secure a conviction was
lowered from “beyond a reasonable doubt” to _____________________
The ___________ is the secretive, insulated police culture that isolates officers from the
rest of society.
The theory known as _____________________ theory, states that as prison population
continues to rise, unmatched by expanded capacity, prison violence will increase.
Explain how three strikes and truth-in-sentencing laws are intended to stop chronic
offenders.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Which principle of policing proposed by Sir Robert Peel do you feel is the most
important andwhy?
Answer:Answers will vary.
The use of modern designs to improve effectiveness in jails has led to the creation of
_________________ jails.
The chief legal officer and prosecutor of each state and of the United States is the
________________.
Decriminalization, deinstitutionalization, and pretrial diversion are favored by those
adhering to the _____perspective
_________________________ due process seeks to ensure that no person will be
deprived of life, liberty, or property without legal process.
The concept of ____________________ states that criminals have been failed by
society and that. therefore. treatment should be a beneficial means of compensating
them.
Describe the relationship between gender and crime and the various theories that have
beendeveloped to explain this relationship.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Discuss the four broad categories into which law can be divided.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Compare and contrast the various social structure theories of crime.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Describe the process of selecting a jury. In doing so, list and describe some of the
challenges associated with selecting a fair and impartial jury.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Elaborate the functions of the three-tiered federal court system.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Explain why inmates are at a great risk of spreading HIV to other inmates.
Answer:Answers will vary.
The act of compelling the production of a witness or evidence via subpoena is called the
__________________.