One of the largest and most well-known private probation programs is The Private
Probation Services company in Missouri.
a. True
b. False
In historical English law, sheriffs sometimes abused their power, leading Parliament to
issued which statute in 1275, which established bailable offenses.
a. Westminster
b. West Chester
c. Westinghouse
d. Worcester
CASE 2.3
Mary, a student at a community college in New York, is in the United States on a
student visa that allows her to remain in the United States until she obtains her
master’s degree in biology. She is considering returning to her home country
because she is concerned with the increase in crime at her college and in the
surrounding area. Mary attempts to find information on the crime rates in her
hometown to compare to those in the city where she currently attends college.
UCR data captures all criminal violations.
a. True
b. False
Voluntary intoxication can be used as a successful defense under some circumstances.
a. True
b. False
The medical model was still widely used from 1960 to 1980 in the United States.
a. True
b. False
In Florida, Chapter 782.04 of the Florida State Statutes explains the crime of
murder. Section 1 of thestatute reads: 782.04 Murder.(1)(a) The unlawful killing of
a human being:When perpetrated from apremeditated design to effect the death of
the person killed or any human being.
Which branch of government defined this law, determined that this is conduct that is
prohibited, and establishedthe criminal penalties for those who violate this law?
A. Legislative
B. Judicial
C. Executive
D. Correctional
Which court case guarantees the accused the right to counsel when in custody and
thereafter?
a. Weeks v. Illinois
b. Miranda v. Arizona
c. Bell v. VMI
d. Takasugi v. Washington
Alexithymia is a disorder characterized by an inability to concentrate, loss of appetite,
and hopelessness.
a. True
b. False
CASE 12.2
Gloria Karli, a secretary and single mother of three with no prior arrests, was
arrested for larceny and vandalism when she stole $700 worth of jewelry from a
coworker’s house and slashed the coworker’s tires in retaliation for comments
made to Gloria’s supervisor about missing work for unexcused reasons. Given this
information, answer the following questions:
Having failed on probation, Ms. Karli served the remainder of her sentence in jail. Her
family argued that ___________________, a view that focuses on crime as an act
against the community rather than the state and brings all parties together to address the
root of the problem would have been more effective.
a. Community day reporting
b. Residential community corrections
c. Restorative justice
d. Work release
When overcrowding becomes a violation of the Eighth Amendment rights of prisoners,
the Supreme Court can rule that states must release prisoners, as they did with 30,000
inmates in 2011 in which state?
a. California
b. Texas
c. New York
d. Florida
Insanity is a justification defense.
a. True
b. False
Under which of the following type of waiver is a case against a juvenile that is heard in
an adult court sent back to juvenile court because the judge believes the juvenile court
could offer better service to the defendant.
a. Judicial waiver
b. Reverse waiver
c. Direct file
d. Excluded offense
Freedom of religion is a fundamental right guaranteed by the First Amendment, and
courts have ruled that inmates have the right to practice religion as long as it doesn”t
hinder security efforts.
a. True
b. False
Who heads the U.S. Department of Justice?
a. U.S. Attorney General
b. Secretary of the Treasury
c. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
d. Secretary of State
The criminal justice system is vast, employing more than 2.4 million people and costing
federal, state, andlocal governments about per year, up more than 300% since 1982.
a. $100 million
b. $100 billion
c. $200 billion
d. $200 million
If a pregnant woman in labor stole a car because she feared delivery of her baby was
imminent and she had no other means of transportation, she may use the defense of:
a. Recklessness.
b. Duress.
c. Mistake.
d. Necessity.
Which of the following is not a mission of the U.S. Secret Service?
a. Investigate counterfeiting and other financial crimes, including financial institution
fraud,identity theft and computer fraud.
b. Investigate threats against protected officials.
c. Protect the President and Vice-President.
d. Conduct and coordinate international investigations involving transnational
criminalorganizations responsible for the illegal movement of people, goods, and
technology intoand out of the United States
The Court’s decision in Illinois v. Gates established which legal standard?
a. The knock and announce rule
b. The totality of circumstances test
c. The plain view doctrine
d. The plain feel doctrine
A first-time white-collar offender would most likely be sentenced to which type of
prison?
a. Super-maximum-security
b. Maximum-security
c. Medium-security
d. Minimum-security
It is legal for a criminal defendant to waive his or her right to counsel and defend one’s
self at trial.
a. True
b. False
Patrol officers have a great deal of discretion in how they handle individual incidents.
a. True
b. False
There is evidence that the reporting accuracy of self-report studies differs among racial,
ethnic,and gender groups.
a. True
b. False
The mark system is attributed to which Irish prison reformer?
a. Lawrence Driscoll
b. Michael McColgan
c. Orla O”Hara
d. Walter Crofton
The situation in which police officers who are suspicious of an individual run their
handslightly over the suspect’s outer garments to determine whether the person is
carrying aconcealed weapon was found constitutional in the court case of:
a. Terry v. Ohio (1968).
b. Giever v. Heise (1977).
c. Delaware v. Prouse (1981).
d. Kent v. Bonds (1991).
Most revocations of probation occur during the first 3 months, because of technical
violations.
a. True
b. False
The rigid, anti-authority inmate social code found in many male institutions does not
exist in female institutions.
a. True
b. False
All information that is material and favorable to the accused defendant because it casts
doubt on the defendant’s guilt or on the evidence the government intends to use at trial
is called:
a. Exculpatory evidence.
b. Fruit of the poisonous tree.
c. Innocuous evidence.
d. Explanatory evidence.
Which is the oldest federal law enforcement agency?
a. U.S. Marshals
b. FBI
c. DHS
d. IRS
CASE 3.2
Warden Smith supervises 2000 male inmates who are incarcerated for various
reasons, including murder, rape, robbery, drugs, theft, and arson. He meets with
every inmate who is sentenced to his prison to get an understanding of where each
inmate came from and how he can possible help each inmate to not return to his
institution once released.
Warden Smith meets Jamaal.He was sentenced to 20 years in prison for armed robbery.
Jamaal is argumentative and is a firm believer that the criminal justice system is just a
mechanism to control the poor.He thinks that the government should be focusing on the
crimes that the wealthy commit and not those of the lower-class community.Jamaal
would most likely support which theory?
a. Critical
b. Social learning
c. Psychodynamic
d. Choice
Disinhibition is when adults are viewed as being rewarded for violence and when
violence is seen as socially acceptable.
a. True
b. False
Pretrial detention accounts for more incarceration than does postsentencing
imprisonment.
a. True
b. False
Truancy is not considered a status offense because school violations fall under a
different law code.
a. True
b. False
Stop and frisk requires one factual basis
a. True
b. False
A ____________________ is a police officer typically assigned to work in schools.
The_________________ defines the law by determining what conduct is prohibited and
establishescriminal penalties for those who violate the law.
Describe the history of punishment and how this led to the rise of prisons.
Answer:Answers will vary.
What are some ways police department administrators can structure the organization to
reduce fatigue among patrol officers?
Answer:Answers will vary.
The temporary care of a juvenile who may be a danger to himself or herself or to the
community is known as ______________________.
The ________________ is the view that the low rates of crime and delinquency among
females reflect the leniency with which female offenders are treated.
_________________ provide lengthy prison terms for any person convicted of three
felony offenses, even if the third crime is a relatively trivial offense.
A(n) ________________ is an inmate trained in law, or otherwise educated, who helps
other inmates prepare legal briefs and appeals.
Of the thousands of executions that have been carried out in the United States, most of
these have been for murder and ______________.
A _____________________ is a neutral third party who helps disputing parties reach
an agreement, yet has no power to impose a decision on either party.
Most self-defense statutes require a _____________ before reacting to a threat with
physical violence.
The______________________ is the term used to describe the process through which
large numbers of cases aresystematically filtered out of the formal criminal justice
process.
_______________________ involves personalized service and decentralized policing,
citizenempowerment, and an effort to reduce community fear of crime, disorder, and
decay.
Warrantless searches in schools are based on the legal standard of
_________________________
A ______________________ sentence is one in which an offender serves a short stint
in prison before being released on probation to make them fear incarceration.
The terms “psychopath” and ‘sociopath” are commonly used to describe people who
have a (n) ___________.
______________ is the use of personal decision making and choice in carrying out
operations in the criminal justice system.
One of the reasons corruption is hard to address is due to the police code of _________,
the belief that a police officer should never turn on his/her peers.
List and describe the three main theoretical examples provided for collective violence
in prison, and provide an example for each.
Answer:Answers will vary.