Individual state jurisdictions still control police shooting policy.
a. True
b. False
AFIS is a (n):
a. National database of DNA records.
b. Computerized fingerprint system.
c. Automated stolen vehicle database.
d. Continually updating fugitive identification system.
About 10% of females entering the prison system are pregnant.
a. True
b. False
The focus of neurological views of crime causation is twin and sibling behavior.
a. True
b. False
Thus far, empirical studies have found little evidence of consistent gender, race, or
class-based bias in judges in terms of the cases they dismiss.
a. True
b. False
The importance of Ford v. Wainwright (1986) established that it is unconstitutional to:
a. Put to death a convict 16 years or younger.
b. Put to death a mentally insane person.
c. Put to death a foreign dignitary.
d. Put to death child rapists.
Which of the following is not considered a biochemical factor?
a. Environmental constraints
b. Hypoglycemia
c. Testosterone
d. Genetic abnormality
Mike’s intent to rob the bank satisfies which of the requirements for conviction?
a. Mens rea
b. Actus reus
c. Strict liability
d. Reckless endangerment
Organizational stressors for police officers include rotating shifts, work overload, and
danger.
a. True
b. False
After the 1770s, which country became the destination for “transported” English
prisoners?
a. United States
b. Germany
c. Australia
d. Haiti
Which of the following is false regarding the FBI?
a. It maintains liaison offices in other countries.
b. It is an investigative agency rather than a police agency.
c. It has jurisdiction over all federal and state laws.
d. It was under the direction of J. Edgar Hoover from 1924 until his death in 1972.
Johnny was arrested for robbery. In his state robbery, is a second-degree felony,
and Johnny can besentenced to up to 20 years in prison. Johnny has never been
arrested before and is not familiar with thecriminal justice system.
In some jurisdictions, the grand jury will determine whether there is sufficient evidence
to support the continuedprosecution of a suspect. If the grand jury, in Johnny’s case,
determines there is sufficient evidence they willissue a true bill of:
A. attainder
B. certiorari
C. indictment
D. prosecution
While on patrol, Jerry spots some teenagers hanging out on a street corner drinking
alcohol and smoking cigarettes. The teenagers are clearly under the age of 18. Jerry
remembers that his sergeant has repeatedly stressed a “no tolerance” approach to
underage drinking. Jerry decides to arrest the teenagers. Which type of discretionary
factor is best represented in this circumstance?
a. Crime factor
b. Victim factor
c. Environmental factor
d. Departmental factor
Who are considered the backbone of a police department?
a. Vice squad
b. Uniformed police officers
c. Detectives
d. Chiefs
The Quakers were influential in rehabilitation methods for children as early as the
1800s.
a. True
b. False
According to the wedding cake model of justice, the typical penalty for Level IV cases
is small.
a. True
b. False
CASE 11.1
Brent Weir is arrested for driving under the influence (DUI) in Ohio. On the night
in question, Mr. Weir’s blood alcohol level was .16, twice the legal limit in Ohio.
This was Brent’s first arrest, he has no prior arrests, has a college degree, and runs
a local hotel in the Cleveland area. Given this information, answer the following
questions.
If Brent were sentenced to one year of probation and forced to work in the local school
systems as an educator to teens and young adults about the dangers of driving drunk
instead of getting a jail sentence this would most resemble:
a. Rehabilitation.
b. Restitution.
c. Equity rehabilitation.
d. Retribution.
Which of the following is not a primary reason shown to affect judges’ decisions
according to the text?
a. Attitudes and ideology
b. Gender
c. Pay scale
d. Reelection
The jury’s refusal to render a verdict according to the law and fact regardless of the
evidence presented is referred to as a “hung jury.”
a. True
b. False
Which determines what types of conduct constitute felonies or misdemeanors?
a. Common law
b. Judges
c. Statutes
d. U.S. Constitution
Which defense would be most applicable to the situation of a bank employee forced to
divert funds into a special account by criminals who are holding her family hostage?
a. Duress
b. Entrapment
c. Necessity
d. Consent
The accused has the right to have counsel present at a police lineup
a. True
b. False
Although most prisons are classified as medium-security prisons, more than half of all
inmates are held in ____________________ institutions.
a. Minimum-security
b. Maximum-security
c. Super-maximum-security
d. Drug rehabilitation
Which type of prison is a less secure institution that houses nonviolent offenders and
provides more opportunities for contact with the outside world?
a. Minimum-security
b. Medium-security
c. Maximum-security
d. Super-maximum-security
Which of the following is the loosely defined culture that pervades prisons and has its
own norms, rules, and language?
a. Inmate social code
b. Inmate subculture
c. Prisonization code
d. Inmate cipher
Which of the following justice perspectives holds that the true purpose of the criminal
justice system is to promotea peaceful and just society?
a. Equal justice
b. Rehabilitation
c. Restorative justice
d. Nonintervention
Zebulon Brockway is most known for his work at the Elmira Reformatory.
a. True
b. False
In recent years, the Supreme Court has taken a reduced role in answeringquestions
concerning the collection of evidence and criminal prosecution.
a. True
b. False
U.S. Attorneys serve as the nation’s principal litigators and are appointed by the
President of the United States.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following searches falls outside of the protection of the plain view
doctrine?
a. Visually identifying a gun in a lawfully stopped vehicle
b. The use of low-altitude helicopters to search open fields
c. The use of high-altitude aircraft to search open fields
d. The use of thermal imaging devices to search for marijuana in a suspect’s house
orgarage
Which of the following eventsduring which the judge informs the defendant of the
charges against him or her and appoints counsel if one has not yet been retainedoccurs
after an indictment is filed subsequent to a preliminary hearing.
a. Plea bargain
b. Pretrial
c. Arraignment
d. Bench hearing
The view that the low rates of crime and delinquency among females reflect the
leniency with which female offenders are treated is called:
a. The chivalry hypothesis.
b. The exculpatory hypothesis.
c. The null hypothesis.
d. The alternative hypothesis.
Which of the following is false regarding alternative crime measures?
a. Cohort data involve observing over time a group of people who share
certaincharacteristics.
b. Meta-analysis involves gathering data from a number of previous studies.
c. Sometimes criminologists conduct controlled experiments to collect data on the cause
ofcrime.
d. Data mining creates a graphical representations of the spatial geography of crime.
Self-defense as a justification requires imminent danger and an inability to escape from
the attacker.
a. True
b. False
The use of illegal means to achieve success in the absence of legitimate means is an
example of ______ in Merton’s theory of anomie.
a. Innovation
b. Retreatism
c. Rebellion
d. Conformity
Explain the confusion over the right to bear arms. Be sure to explain both sides of the
argument as to why the statute has been considered relevant and irrelevant today.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Overcrowding of English prisons forced inmates onto floating barges, called
_______________
The ____________________ style of policing thinks of officers as troubleshooters who
repair the social fabric of society.
Explain how and why wrongful convictions occur, and note some of the procedures in
place to reduce the incidence of such convictions.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Civil and criminal _________________________ involve the seizure of goods or
instruments related to the commission or outcome of a criminal act.
Compare and contrast juvenile and adult courts.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Who were the key players with prison reform in the 1800s,and what were some of the
key events that helped reform prisons?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Define bail and then list and define the forms of bail listed in the text.
Answer:Answers will vary.
The concept of _____________________ states that the offender should confront their
behavior and try to make amends, satisfy everyone’s needs, and ultimately restore
themselves as an upstanding member of the community.
Some jurisdictions have experimented with _____________________ punishment, a
method designed to reduce parole violations in which probationers are incarcerated
within hours of a parole violation.
Discuss through the use of examples why ethics are important at each stage of the
criminal justice system.
Answer:Answers will vary.
A prison policy in which inmates receive the bare minimum in terms of food, services
and medical care required by law is referred to as a _______________________ policy.
Millions of misdemeanors, such as disorderly conduct, shoplifting, public drunkenness,
and minor assaultcomprise Level________________of the criminal justice “wedding
cake” which are handled by lower courts in anassembly-line fashion.
The Fifth and __________________ Amendments guarantees of due process of law
have been judicially interpreted together to require counsel in all types of criminal
proceedings.
Discuss the seven goals of substantive criminal law.
Answer:Answers will vary.
The loosely defined culture that pervades prisons and has its own norms, rules, and
languages is known as ____________________.
Consider how routine activity theory might explain a mugging in a parking lot. In your
answer, explain the interplay among the three elements of the crime triangle.
Answer:Answers will vary.