CASE 3.2
Warden Smith supervises 2000 male inmates who are incarcerated for various
reasons, including murder, rape, robbery, drugs, theft, and arson. He meets with
every inmate who is sentenced to his prison to get an understanding of where each
inmate came from and how he can possible help each inmate to not return to his
institution once released.
Larry meets with Warden Smith.Larry has been to prison three timespreviously.He
tellsWarden Smith that he has committed hundreds of other crimes for whichhe never
got caught.His current conviction is for drug dealing.Larry was willing to take achance
in dealing drugs because he was going to make over $100,000 for the transaction and he
thought the potential profit was worth the risk and the effort.Which theory would most
likely support why Larry committed his crime?
a. Critical
b. Social learning
c. Psychodynamic
d. Choice
People suffering from conduct disorder have difficulty following rules and behaving in
a socially acceptable way.
a. True
b. False
“Let the sentence fit the criminal” best describes the basic philosophy of:
a. Determinate sentencing.
b. Mandatory sentencing.
c. Substantiated sentencing.
d. Indeterminate sentencing.
CASE 6.2
A few concerned citizens made an appointment to meet with the chief of police in
Anytown, USA. They are concerned with the productivity of the police department
in their city. They are also concerned with the lack of coordination between the
residents of the city and the police department.
Mr. Smith is one resident who brings up at the meeting that there are a few locations,
knownas hot spots of crime, that are the biggest concern for the residents. All of the
following areconsidered to be potential hotspots of crime except:
a. Bars.
b. Bus depots.
c. Malls.
d. Schools.
Which of the following is false about Gunshot Location Systems?
a. This system uses sensors to determine the direction from which the sound came and
cantriangulate and determine the exact location from which the gunshots were fired.
b. This technology is known to deter criminals.
c. An advantage of this technology is rapid response by police.
d. A limitation of this technology is its high cost.
The goal of the Kansas City Patrol Study was to evaluate:
a. The effectiveness of different patrol models.
b. Police use of force standards.
c. The time-in-rank system of promotion.
d. Command and control structures.
Undercover work is an unnecessary element of police work.
a. True
b. False
CASE 15.2
Keith Reed, a 15-year-old white male with no prior arrests is brought in for
questioning for larceny of several hundred dollars worth of computer parts from a
warehouse in downtown Cincinnati. Using this information, walk Mr. Reed
through the juvenile court system.
If the case was moved to adult court because of the nature of the crime, resulting in a
felony based on the worth of the property stolen, but the judge later finds that the
juvenile would be better served in the juvenile system, this would be an example of
a(n):
a. Direct file waiver.
b. Adjunct waiver.
c. Reverse waiver.
d. Converse waiver.
Who ultimately is responsible for determining the actual length in indeterminate
sentencing?
a. Prosecution
b. State legislature
c. Correctional agency
d. Probation officer
The early nineteenth century was an era of widespread urban unrest and mob violence,
whichled local leaders to realize that a more structured police function was needed to
keep the peace.
a. True
b. False
Crimes such as murder and rape are cleared at higher rates than property crimes.
a. True
b. False
To what criminal punishment are people convicted of Level III crimes typically
sentenced?
a. Death penalty
b. Fines
c. Prison
d. Probation
CASE 2.1
Your local police department is concerned with this year’s most recent crime
statistics. The police chief meets with city officials and his higher-ranking police
personnel. They meet to discuss potential policies and procedures in order to
reduce the crime rates in their city.
One higher-ranking police captain believes that the increase in instrumental crimes is
theproblem. Which of the following is an example of an instrumental crime?
a. A young man who shoots the cashier of a convenience store that he is attempting to
rob.
b. A drunken husband who shoots his wife during a late night fight.
c. A parent who strikes his child with a belt.
d. An alcoholic who commits a DUI and kills a child who is attempting to cross the
street.
Punishments such as arrest and formal sanctions have been shown to deter sociopaths.
a. True
b. False
In which case was the U.S. Supreme Court’s interpretation of the Eighth Amendment’s
provisions on bail set in 1951?
a. Stack v. Boyle
b. Crosby v. Malkin
c. Tennessee v. Martin
d. McNamara v. Driscoll
CASE 7.1
Anthony is a new police recruit who just graduated from the police academy and
has been hired by a large metropolitan police department in Florida. He reports to
work for his first shift and is assigned a field training officer, Jeffrey. Anthony is
excited to begin his work as a police officer, as this is something he has wanted
since he was a child. During Anthony’s first shift he meets many of his fellow
police officers. He is given a lot of different advice by these different officers. He
quickly learns that there are different policing styles.
Sergeant Collins, the supervisor during Anthony’s first shift, explains to Anthony that he
should take action only when a problem arises. Collins is heavily involved in the police
union and spends a large portion of his time off making sure that officers’ wages and
retirement benefits are maintained. What style of policing does Sergeant Collins
follow?
a. Crime fighter
b. Law enforcer
c. Social agent
d. Watchman
Which branch of government oversees criminal justice practices and has the power to
determine whetherexisting operations fall within the bounds of the U.S. Constitution?
a. Executive
b. Legislative
c. Judicial
d. Correctional
The crime control perspective views the justice system as a means of caring for and
treating people who cannotmanage themselves.
a. True
b. False
A local police department is noticing that there is an increase in the number of
serious felonies that arebeing committed. The department forms a task force to
assess the extent of the problem. Officers from thedetective bureau, the vice squad,
and the crime analysis division meet to discuss the problem and begininvestigating
these crimes.
The task force determines that the most common crimes being committed are robberies
and burglaries inwhichthe typical amount stolen from each home is approximately
$10,000. The officers realize that they aredealing with professionals. At which level on
the criminal justice wedding cake do these crimes fall?
a. Level I
b. Level II
c. Level III
d. Level IV
All of the following are reasons for the growth in private policing except:
a. The desire for nongovernmental service provisions.
b. Growth in mass private property.
c. A belief that the private sector can do a better job than the public sector.
d. Private police are better trained.
Which term is used to describe the way a person outwardly manifests his or her
personality?
a. Attitude
b. Character
c. Demeanor
d. Identity
One of the goals of Intelligence-led Policing is to shift the focus of police work to be
morereactive as opposed to proactive.
a. True
b. False
CASE 2.1
Your local police department is concerned with this year’s most recent crime
statistics. The police chief meets with city officials and his higher-ranking police
personnel. They meet to discuss potential policies and procedures in order to
reduce the crime rates in their city.
The mayor is more concerned with violent crimes. She believes that when people hear
that hercity has experienced an increase in violent crimes, they will no longer come to
visit. Since thecity is on a beach, tourism is a major source of revenue, so the mayor is
concerned that the mostrecent crime statistics will cause a decrease in these revenues. If
the mayor is most concernedwith violent crimes, which crime does not concern her as
much?
a. Murder
b. Rape
c. Prostitution
d. Robbery
Which of the following is false regarding Herbert Packer’s notion of the criminal justice
process as anassemblyline?
a. Criminal justice is seen as a screening process where each stage is a decision point.
b. Most people who commit a crime are punished for it.
c. The criminal justice system suffers from congestion.
d. Each of these decisions can have a critical impact on the defendant, the justice
system, and society.
Defendants who are rearrested for a felony while out on bail are referred to as:
a. Preventive detainees.
b. Avertable recidivists.
c. Obviate detainees.
d. Precluded recidivists.
The right to counsel and the opportunity to respond to charges are substantive due
process issues.
a. True
b. False
Studies have shown that minority police officers experience the same family-related
stress as white officers.
a. True
b. False
Under the public safety doctrine, a suspect can be questioned in the field withoutbeing
read their Miranda Rights.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following viewpoints regarding the definition of crime states that white
collarcrime is punished less severely than other crimes because the perpetrators are
likely affluentmembers of the ruling class?
a. Interactionist
b. Conflict
c. Consensus
d. Crime control
Marijuana is the current drug of choice of most high school seniors.
a. True
b. False
Which pattern does research reveal regarding officers’ involvement in use-of-force
incidents?
a. Use-of-force incidents are almost always racially motivated.
b. A small portion of officers account for a sizable portion of the abuses.
c. Problem officers tend to be senior officers who are confident that their abuses will go
unpunished.
d. The most significant factor in controlling police brutality is the threat of criminal
action.
CASE 13.3
Robert Dawkins is arrested for drug possession and sentenced to fourteen months
in prison. This is Robert’s first offense and many in the system argue that the
sentence is harsh. Given this information, answer the following questions.
Robert most likely would be a good candidate for the __________________ model,
which attempts to maintain convicted offenders within society instead of a secure
facility.
a. Community treatment
b. Neighborhood watch
c. Unrestricted evaluation
d. Boot camp
Which of the following is considered a corporate crime?
a. Bribery
b. Forgery
c. Thwarting competition
d. Murder of a the owner of competing business
What was the principal finding of the Kansas City Patrol Study?
a. The type of patrol model adopted has a significant impact on crime.
b. Patrol techniques can significantly impact citizens’ satisfaction with police.
c. Patrol techniques can have a significant impact on citizens’ attitudes.
d. There is little evidence to suggest that increased police patrol deters crime.
Explain some of the ethical concerns with sting operations and undercover work.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Legal and administrative actions that take place after arrest and before trial are referred
to as __________________.
____________________________ are unwritten agreements between
neighboringlocalities to perform tasks that are mutually beneficial to both agencies,
such as monitoring radiotraffic in order to provide backup.
The __________________ system developed in the nineteenth century was based on
the concepts of total isolation and individual penitence.
Discuss changes in prisoner’s rights over the past 60 years. In your discussion, address
key terms such as the hands-off doctrine and substantive rights.
Answer:Answers will vary.
__________ technology consists of new materials and equipment, such as Tasers
andspecialized metal detectors, used by the police to catch criminals or prevent crime.
_______________ is a condition characterized bya decrease in blood sugar levels that
is thought to impair brain function
The term ___________ means that a higher court agreed with a lower court’s decision
and that no further action is necessary.
Discuss the crime-deterrent impact of determinate, indeterminate, mandatory, and
truth-in-sentencing models.
Answer:Answers will vary.
A _______________________ is a judicial order requesting that a person produce the
body of the prisoner and give reasons for his or her capture and detention.
Compare and contrast the UCR, NCVS, and self-report surveys in terms of measuring
crimetrends.
Answer:Answers will vary.
A report performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of
a defendant is called a _________________.
Several Supreme Court cases have challenged how guidelines can be used. Provide at
least two examples from the text, and state why sentencing guidelines are so
controversial.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Discuss the key factors associated with the reform movement that began in the United
States in the mid-1800s. What positive and negative acts originated from this time?
Answer:Answers will vary.
What are the major purposes of patrol?
Answer:Answers will vary.
What are your feelings regarding private security and the fourth amendment?
Shouldprivate security guards be entitled to conduct searches?
Answer:Answers will vary.
What factors are related to police shootings?
Answer:Answers will vary