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Florida's Stand Your Ground law authorizes citizens to use __________ when they
reasonably believe that their homes or vehicles have been illegally invaded.
a. No force
b. Equal force to the offender
c. Reasonable force
d. Deadly force
The contemporary U.S. legal system is codified by the state legislatures and the U.S.
Congress.
a. True
b. False
Which type of bail occurs when a defendant is released, without bail, upon their
promise to return to court?
a. Conditional bail
b. Release on recognizance
c. Unsecured bond
d. Surety bail
Which was the first major technological breakthrough in early policing?
a. Bicycle patrols
b. Community policing
c. Telegraph communication
d. Hand-held radios
There are still over twenty states that do not mandate a minimum age beneath which a
juvenile cannot be transferred to adult court.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is not considered a problem with self-reporting?
a. The subject's reluctance to report crimes they have committed
b. Poor recall of past crimes
c. The possibility that self-reports are not generalizable to the population at large
d. The fact that self-reports capture offenses not reported to the police
The U.S. Supreme Court has established that an inmate's right to be paroled is absolute.
a. True
b. False
One major difference between arbitration and mediation is that mediation is much more
formal than arbitration hearings.
a. True
b. False
The equal justice perspective advocates that judges consider extralegal factors in
sentencing.
a. True
b. False
Sex offenders find it difficult to adjust to prison because of the dislike by guards and
inmates.
a. True
b. False
The accumulation of important information on the background and activities of an
offender being considered for probation is called:
a. Probation narrative.
b. Presentence investigation.
c. Presentence examination.
d. Probationary review.
The exclusionary rule has also been extended to include derivate, or secondary
evidence,also called:
a. Fruit of the poisonous tree.
b. Good faith evidence.
c. Inevitable discovery.
d. Reverse protocol.
An officer who approaches a group of teenagers drinking beer, checks everyone's IDs,
and arrests everyone who is underage would typify which style of policing?
a. Crime fighter
b. Social agent
c. Law enforcer
d. Watchman
When do officers usually feel the effects of the stress of their profession?
a. During their training in the academy
b. During their first year on patrol
c. During the middle years
d. Only after 20 years of service
CASE 6.2
A few concerned citizens made an appointment to meet with the chief of police in
Anytown, USA. They are concerned with the productivity of the police department
in their city. They are also concerned with the lack of coordination between the
residents of the city and the police department.
Mrs. Stern expresses that she is pleased that the crime rate in her area has decreased as
a resultof proactive efforts of the police department. At the same time, Mrs. Joseph
complains that thecrime that disappeared in Mrs. Stern's neighborhood has now moved
to her neighborhood.
This effect is known as:
a. Displacement.
b. Replacement.
c. Advancement.
d. Substitution.
Indeterminate sentencing refers to the type of sentence structure in which there is a
preset number of years prescribed for the crime.
a. True
b. False
CASE 3.1
Mary and Louise are both 15 years old. Each was arrested and charged with
stealing a vehicle. Mary stole a car from the teacher's parking lot at her school.
Louise stole her neighbor's car when she decided that she wanted to drive to her
boyfriend. They both meet with Mr. Brown, a juvenile probation officer, who is to
recommend whether or not they should be detained in a juvenile detention center
prior to the disposition of their cases.
According to the routine activities theory Mary would be considered a:
a. Motivated offender
b. Suitable target
c. Suitable offender
d. Capable guardian
What percentage of incidents of sexual violence in prison involved staff-on-inmate
sexualmisconduct?
a. 75%
b. 10%
c. 20%
d. 40%
If a probationer violates his or her probation by committing another crime, this is
referred to as a legal violation.
a. True
b. False
A correctional facility designed to hold pretrial detainees and misdemeanants serving
their criminal sentence
a. Jail
b. Prison
c. Boot camp
d. House arrest
The defendant's defense attorney is not permitted to be present during grand jury
proceedings.
a. True
b. False
CASE 8.2
Jackson Joseph, age 18, and his cousin Noah, age 20, are standing near a
convenient store in downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Officer Brooklyn, a
twenty-two-year veteran notices the pair loitering around the store and avoiding
eye contact with anybody entering and exiting the store. After witnessing these
actions for nearly forty-five minutes, Officer Brooklyn moves in to questions the
suspects. Answer the following questions based on the scenario above.
A pat down search of the outer garments of clothing of both gentlemen:
a. Violates the Fourth Amendment since there is no probable cause.
b. Is allowed because of the ruling determined in the Terry v. Ohio case.
c. Is illegal because the suspects are under the age of 21.
d. Is allowed because both men lose their right to privacy since they are in a
publicplace.
Which concept assumes that if a man is convicted of murder and sentenced to life in
prison, this act will serve as an example for other people? In other words, people will
not want to commit murder out of fear that they may get caught and experience the
same punishment.
a. Specific deterrence
b. Incapacitation
c. Retribution and Just Desserts
d. General deterrence
While on patrol, Jerry spots some teenagers hanging out on a street corner drinking
alcohol and smoking cigarettes. The teenagers are clearly under the age of 18. Jerry
remembers that his sergeant has repeatedly stressed a "no tolerance" approach to
underage drinking. Jerry decides to arrest the teenagers. According to police
psychologists, how many categories of police stress exist?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 7
The teen court movement is one of the fastest-growing delinquency intervention
programs in the country.
a. True
b. False
According to the principles of choice theory, in order for punishment to most effectively
deter crime, it must meet the following three conditions:
a. Swift, satisfactory, and certain
b. Severe, certain, and punitive
c. Strict, sure, and swift
d. Intense, lasting, and cumulative
Due process can be divided into two distinct categories. These include:
a. Substantive and procedural.
b. State and federal.
c. Criminal and appellate.
d. Felony and misdemeanor.
According to situational crime prevention, if punishment is severe enough, known
criminals will never be tempted to repeat their offenses.
a. True
b. False
The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that the death penalty may be administered for any
murder, regardless of the degree.
a. True
b. False
CASE 11.1
Brent Weir is arrested for driving under the influence (DUI) in Ohio. On the night
in question, Mr. Weir's blood alcohol level was .16, twice the legal limit in Ohio.
This was Brent's first arrest, he has no prior arrests, has a college degree, and runs
a local hotel in the Cleveland area. Given this information, answer the following
questions.
If Brent were sentenced to six months in jail but was released after four months because
he was a model prisoner and completed his mandatory educational and substance abuse
training, this would be an example of:
a. Good time.
b. Sweat equity rehabilitation.
c. Concurrent sentencing.
d. Retribution.
Suspects subjected to custodial interrogation do not have to be advised of theirFifth
Amendment privilege against self-incrimination.
a. True
b. False
How does the defense of duress differ from the defense of necessity?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Utilizing the concept of evidence-based justice discuss, which criminal justice programs
are effectiveinreducing crime rates and offender recidivism.
Answer:Answers will vary.
In the 2005 case of ____________, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of prison
inmates on the basis of race, in their cells or anywhere on prison grounds, is
inappropriate.
Describe the three-pronged approach detectives take in an investigation.
Answer:Answers will vary.
How was crime present following the Civil War in the West?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Johnny's friend Maria hears that Johnny has been arrested and served some jail time for
a DUI. Maria is fearful of being arrested and punished herself, and decides that she will
abstain from drinking and driving. This is an example of ____________________
deterrence.
The three pleas are guilty, not guilty, and ________________________.
The federal legislation passed in 1979 that allowed for the selling of prison-made goods
across state lines with a strict set of rules was known as the ___________________.
A(n) ________________ is a written accusation returned by a grand jury, charging an
individual with a specified crime after determination of probable cause.
The act of truancy is considered a(n) ______________ offense.
The Supreme Court's decision in Arizona v. Johnson combined the issue of stopand
frisk to include __________________.
The consensus view rests on the assumption that criminal law has a ___________
function.
What are the findings from the Knapp Commission?
Answer:Answers will vary
Compare and contrast traditional jails with new-generation jail designs.
Answer:Answers will vary.
The prosecutor's authority to decide whether to bring a case to trial or to dismiss it
outright is known as ________________.
________________ suggests that as people age and mature they traverse a series of
stages in which their view of what is morally right or wrong changes and develops.
The __________________ system was a congregate-style system developed in the
nineteenth century in New York and was based on the concepts of group work during
the day and separation at night.
Of the six tactics of situational crime prevention, which do you think is the most
effective, and why.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Discuss the responsibilities of the three branches of government and how they impact
the criminal justice system.
Answer:Answers will vary.
_______________ is the early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to
conditions set by the correctional authorities.
