The ________, created in 1919, was a professional association funded by private
contributions, which wasintegral in getting agencies of justice to work together and
getting the work of the criminal justice systemrecognized.
a. Wickersham Commission
b. American Bar Foundation Commission
c. Chicago Crime Commission
d. President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice
The average police officer can expect to make between ten and fifteen arrests permonth
for serious crimes.
a. True
b. False
Private police focus largely on prevention.
a. True
b. False
Which term is used to describe the use of computer software to conduct analysis of
behavioralpatterns in an effort to link open cases to known perpetrators?
a. Crime mapping
b. CODIS
c. Data mining
d. Systems analysis
At one time, thousands of minor children were housed in jails as runaways, truants, and
criminals.
a. True
b. False
The groundwork for the federal court system can be found in the U.S. Constitution,
which calls for the creation of one Supreme Court.
a. True
b. False
CASE 7.2
Detective Smith is a fourteen-year police veteran who has been working in internal
affairs for the past four years. He was assigned to internal affairs to investigate
allegations of police misconduct and corruption. While working as a police officer,
he put himself through law school in the evenings and received his law license six
years ago. Although he enjoyed being a road patrol officer, he feels it is more
important to protect the citizens of the community against the few corrupt police
officers who may exist on his police force.
Detective Smith often becomes disenchanted with the officers that he investigates.
However, he refuses to believe that all officers are corrupt. He expresses unenforceable
laws govern moral standards and promote corruption because they create large groups
with an interest in undermining law enforcement. Detective Smith is likely to believe
that the cause of many cases of corruption is:
a. Police personality.
b. Institutions and practices.
c. Moral ambivalence.
d. Environmental conditions.
CASE 10.1
Frank Crutchfield was arrested for the murder of his coworker Robert Bell
following an argument over the use of the copy machine and the time it took Mr.
Bell to complete his tasks. Mr. Crutchfield had previously told his coworkers of his
anger toward Mr. Bell, but his coworkers did not take this anger seriously. Mr.
Crutchfield was arrested in August 2012. Given this information, answer the
following questions.
At his initial hearing, Mr. Crutchfield pleads not guilty to the crime of murder in the
first degree. What is this initial hearing called?
a. Arraignment
b. Probable cause hearing
c. Preliminary hearing
d. Pretrial hearing
Women inmates report more incidents of sexual assault by male guards as opposed to
other inmates.
a. True
b. False
CASE 9.1
Martha “Shuffles” Hershey is arrested for soliciting prostitution from a minor, a
17-year-old male in her small beach resort villa and kidnapping (transportation of
a minor across state lines). Having paid the minor for sexual favors, she escorted
him across state lines. At the time, Martha was 47 years old and had two kids; her
husband had recently divorced her because of infidelity. Given this basic
information of the case, answer the following questions.
If the court ordered Ms. Hershey and others (witnesses) to appear in court, they would
be notified by what document specifying the date and time of the hearing?
a. Writ of certiorari
b. Subpoena
c. Banding document
d. Warrant
CASE 8.2
Jackson Joseph, age 18, and his cousin Noah, age 20, are standing near a
convenient store in downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Officer Brooklyn, a
twenty-two-year veteran notices the pair loitering around the store and avoiding
eye contact with anybody entering and exiting the store. After witnessing these
actions for nearly forty-five minutes, Officer Brooklyn moves in to questions the
suspects. Answer the following questions based on the scenario above.
If Officer Brooklyn finds weapons on both men and arrests them, she must next:A.
Transport them to central booking.
a. Transport them to central booking.
b. Read them their Miranda Rights.
c. Question them about their presence in the area.
d. Notify their parents or guardians because of their ages.
Which of the following is considered official crime data collected by the FBI?
a. National Crime Victimization Survey
b. Self-report surveys
c. Uniform Crime Report
d. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Which case ruled that probation officer”client relationship is not confidential and that if
a crime is admitted to a probation officer the information can be passed onto the police.
a. McKenzie v. Fahey
b. Garrett v. Miller
c. Minnesota v. Murphy
d. Griffin v. Wisconsin
Judges have broad discretion in setting the terms of probation.
a. True
b. False
When police want to interrogate or question a suspect, the officer must first advise the
suspect of his/her rights.This is called a (n):
a. Information advisement.
b. Charging warning.
c. Miranda warning.
d. Questioning after advisement.
Which of the following are factors that may influence prosecutorial decision making?
a. Court backlog
b. Strength of the evidence
c. Preference for treatment over punishment
d. All of the above
CASE 15.3
A 16-year-old female is arrested for the third time in a two-year period for
possession of drugs, curfew violations, and obstruction of justice for lying to police.
Given this information, answer the following questions.
Because of a rise in gang-related crime in the juvenile’s neighborhood and school
district, the city will begin using what program used in all 50 states to combat juvenile
criminal violence?
a. G.R.E.A.T.
b. D.A.R.E.
c. D.A.R.T.
d. T.E.C.
After growing significantly for three decades, there has been an actual decrease in the
probation population during the past five years.
a. True
b. False
In which case did the Court bar capital punishment for child rapists unless the rape
resulted in or was intended to result in the death of the child?
a. Peterson v. California
b. Kennedy v. Louisiana
c. Fogel v. Georgia
d. Sambuco v. Texas
In restitution situations involving wealthy offenders, the judge can issue an order
stipulating that the offender must get a low-paying public job and use the income as a
means of payment.
a. True
b. False
If, after conducting a preliminary investigation of the legal merits of a case, a
prosecutor decides to take nofurther action, this is referred to as a charging warning.
a. True
b. False
In order to make an arrest for a felony, the police officer must have personally
witnessed the crime beingcommitted.
a. True
b. False
CASE 10.2
Chad Faulstick, a construction worker from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is arrested
for the premeditated murder of his wife, Charity. Charity, a school teacher in
Pittsburgh, was found dead and buried in woods approximately three miles from
her house two weeks after she was reported missing by her parents. Given this
information, answer the following questions.
During questioning, it is determined that a young lady who is a possible juror works as
a secretary at the same grade school where the deceased had worked. The defense
immediately puts in a request to have this juror removed because of bias. This request is
called:
a. Peremptory challenge.
b. Challenge for cause.
c. Voir dire.
d. Venire.
CASE 13.2
Three brothers are arrested over a seven-year period for three different crimes.
The oldest brother, James, was arrested for second-degree murder and was
sentenced to twenty years in prison. John, the second brother, was arrested for
drug possession and was sentenced to thirteen months in prison. Jason, the
youngest, was arrested for grand larceny and is currently serving four to seven
years in prison. Given this information, answer the following questions.
James would most likely serve his time in a:
a. Minimum-security prison.
b. Medium-security prison.
c. Maximum-security prison.
d. Super-maximum-security prison.
Using mandatory life sentences so criminals cannot hurt other citizens is the core goal
of:
a. Restitution.
b. Incapacitation.
c. Retribution.
d. General deterrence.
Which role is most problematic and controversial in plea negotiations?
a. Prosecutor
b. Defense attorney
c. Defendant
d. Defendant
In the final phase, Officer Simmons assesses the amount of danger that Johnny poses to
the community. This process is known as what?
a. Diagnosis
b. Risk classification
c. Presentence investigation
d. Treatment supervision
Which of the following would constitute an example of an ex post facto law?
a. A law against a new drug that punishes sellers of the drug who were doing business
before the law went into effect.
b. A new law that imposes an even longer prison sentence for possession of the drug
than previous laws.
c. A law that lowers the standard of proof required for convicting sellers of the drug.
d. All are examples of ex post facto laws.
Which is the group of punishments that falls between probation and prison and is
primarily community-based and usually administered by probation departments?
a. Intermediate sanctions
b. Community probation resource programs
c. Hot spot probation
d. Transitional sentencing
The first recognized juvenile court was established in Illinois in 1899.
a. True
b. False
Correctional officers have significant coercive power over offenders.
a. True
b. False
A prosecutor is ready to proceed with a case but decides not to because, upon further
investigation, he finds that the police conducted an illegal search. What would be the
rationale for this dismissal?
a. Interests of justice
b. Pretrial diversion
c. Due process problem
d. Referral
Highly focused, as opposed to randomized, policing efforts are currently believed to
bemost effective at solving street-level crime problems.
a. True
b. False
CASE 10.2
Chad Faulstick, a construction worker from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is arrested
for the premeditated murder of his wife, Charity. Charity, a school teacher in
Pittsburgh, was found dead and buried in woods approximately three miles from
her house two weeks after she was reported missing by her parents. Given this
information, answer the following questions.
Being a profile case for the city and surrounding area, it is important for the prosecutor
and defense to question the jurors to eliminate any bias. This process is called:
a. Venire.
b. Voir dire.
c. Challenge for cause.
d. Peremptory challenge.
Which of the following is the proceeding held to determine whether probable cause is
sufficient to warrant a criminal trial?
a. Arraignment
b. Indictment
c. Injunction
d. Preliminary hearing
Discuss the criminal justice system as an assembly-line model and the potential
negative consequences of thison society.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Compare and contrast the crime control perspective of criminal justice withthe due
process perspective ofcriminal justice.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Explain how problem-oriented policing has been used to address auto theft.
Answer:Answers will vary.
The use of discretion is sometimes referred to as ____________________ decision
making.
The theory of __________ suggests that slavery, racism, and the destruction of black
culturehave created a criminal justice system that incarcerates blacks at higher rates
than whites.
Define correctional rehabilitation, and address the main programs discussed in the text.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Describe the U.S. Supreme Court and elaborate the process through which a case is
heard in this court.
Answer:Answers will vary.
__________________ is a prison program that allows inmates to leave during the day
to work in the community then return to prison at night.
The Latin term, meaning “father of his country,” that refers to the power of the state to
act on behalf of those children who cannot is called ______________________.
Evidence obtained with a less than adequate search warrant may be admissible incourt
if the police acted in ___________ when obtaining court approval for their search.
Many of the laws still in effect today are a throwback to British ________________
law.
Officer Thompson is working undercover to identify and arrest drug dealers. Afterdoing
business with the same dealer repeatedly, Thompson comes to believe that this
individualhas a large stash of cocaine at their home. Thompson goes before a judge and
gets a warrant based
on his word that the defendant is a drug dealer and that they have had multiple
transactions. This isan example of ______________________.
Explain some of the problems in documenting incidents of prison rape.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Discuss the scope of the contemporary criminal justice system.
Answer:Answers will vary.
How can police misconduct be controlled?
Answer:Answers will vary