Three-strike laws have garnered much criticism, especially after the life sentence
imposed on a third-time felon for stealing a set of golf clubs.
a. True
b. False
Which region of the United States has the highest rates of property crimes and violent
crimes?
a. Northeast
b. Midwest
c. South
d. Northwest
Prison sentences for two or more criminal acts, served one after the other are called:
a. Consecutive sentences.
b. Concurrent sentences.
c. Conclusive sentences.
d. Concomitant sentences.
English police officers are known as bobbies because:
a. The tails of the horses they rode were cut short (bobbed).
b. Sir Robert (Bobbie) Peel was responsible for their creation.
c. The first name Robert and its accompanying nickname Bobbie were extremely
commonamong the first generation of English police.
d. They were paid in shillings, for which the slang term was “bob.”
The temporary care of a child alleged to be a delinquent or status offender who requires
secure custody, pending a court disposition is called:
a. Detention.
b. Custodial holding.
c. Juvenile confinement.
d. Juvenile holding.
Which classification of crime is punishable by death?
a. Felony
b. Misdemeanor
c. Strict liability crime
d. Offense
Laws that are created and retroactively enforced are known as:
a. Ex post facto laws
b. Bills of attainder
c. Habeas corpus
d. Writ of certiorari
The use of grand juries is gaining popularity and increasing in frequency.
a. True
b. False
In addition to probable cause and a neutral and detached magistrate, which is thethird
key requirement for obtaining a legal search warrant?
a. Reasonable suspicion
b. Consent
c. Particularity
d. First-hand knowledge
Which constitutional amendment outlaws illegal searches and seizures by police?
a. First
b. Fourth
c. Fifth
d. Eighth
CASE 8.1
In the rural Appalachian Mountains, two locals are known as possible marijuana
growers. The police have been conducting surveillance on the two men for over six
months and have found no visual evidence of the production or possession of an
illegal substance. Having exhausted all other avenues, answer the following
questions to determine the legality of the police activities.
The police surveillance team visually detect trash bags being left at the side of theroad
for the trashmen to pick up. The police take the garbage and find large amounts of
chemicalsused for growing marijuana and marijuana as well. The action is:
a. Deemed illegal because this is an invasion of privacy based on the
FourthAmendment.
b. Deemed illegal because the expectation of privacy extends to one’s belongingseven
when they are not in the immediate area.
c. Deemed legal based on the California v. Greenwood decision and upheld by
theSupreme Court.
d. Deemed legal because police have the right to go through garbage whenever
andwhenever it is detected.
Law enforcement in colonial America paralleled the _________ model.
a. British
b. Chinese
c. Japanese
d. Spanish
Which federal agency is responsible for the transporting of federal prisoners?
a. U.S. Marshals
b. FBI
c. Department of Homeland Security
d. Secret Service
The colonial sheriff did not patrol or seek out crime but only reacted to
citizens’complaints and investigated crimes once they already occurred.
a. True
b. False
All of the following are procedural steps for serving a warrant except:
a. Knock and announce.
b. Using appropriate force.
c. Bringing a representative of the media.
d. Limiting the scope and manner of the search.
According to the criminal justice assembly line model, what is moved down the
conveyor belt?
a. Cases
b. Detectives
c. Laws
d. Statutes
U.S. criminal law is static and unchanging.
a. True
b. False
In the interest of officer safety, there are some exceptions to the “knock andannounce”
rule.
a. True
b. False
Courts of general jurisdiction may be responsible for reviewing cases on appeal from
courts of limited jurisdiction.
a. True
b. False
CASE 3.1
Mary and Louise are both 15 years old. Each was arrested and charged with
stealing a vehicle. Mary stole a car from the teacher’s parking lot at her school.
Louise stole her neighbor’s car when she decided that she wanted to drive to her
boyfriend. They both meet with Mr. Brown, a juvenile probation officer, who is to
recommend whether or not they should be detained in a juvenile detention center
prior to the disposition of their cases.
When Mr. Brown asks Mary if she thought twice about stealing the car from the
teacher’s parking lot, she replied, “when I saw that the gate was open and there was no
security officer around, I had no fear of stealing the car.”What situational crime
prevention tactic could have prevented this crime from occurring?
a. Increase the effort needed to commit the crime
b. Increase the risk of committing the crime
c. Reduce the rewards for committing the crime
d. Remove excuses
In early juvenile courts, youth were encouraged to admit their guilt in open court, which
is a violation of the Fourth Amendment.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is not a Supreme Court case dealing with searching for drugs in
association with students or school?
a. Board of Education of Independent School District No. 92 of Pottawatomie County et
al. v. Earls et al.
b. Unified School District v. Redding
c. Marshall Country Schools v. Gillingham
d. Vernonia School District No. 47 v. Acton
The modern idea of probation is credited to:
a. Lawrence Driscoll.
b. John Augustus.
c. John Howard.
d. Zebulon Brockway.
The principle that evidence may be used in a criminal trial even though the search
warrantused to obtain it was technically faulty, as long as the police acted without
malice whenthey sought the warrant is called the:
a. Good faith exception.
b. Fruit of the poisonous tree exception.
c. Inevitable discovery.
d. Compassion rule.
The decision of a judge who orders an adjudicated and sentenced juvenile offender to
be placed in a correctional facility.
a. commitment
b. condemnation
c. decree
d. adjudication verdict
According to which theory do rioting and other forms of collective violence occur when
prison officials make abrupt efforts to take control of the prison and limit freedoms?
a. Administrative-control theory
b. Inmate-balance theory
c. Prison overcrowding theory
d. Inmate deterrence perspective
In some situations, people placed in diversion programs are believed to be the ones
most likely to have otherwise been dismissed after a brief hearing with a warning or
small fine. Critics refer to this as:
a. Widening the net.
b. Misrepresenting the system.
c. An abomination of justice.
d. Exculpatory practices.
CASE 6.1
Chief Williams is a newly hired police chief in the city of Middletown. He was
hired to implement changes in the police department. After five consecutive years
of increasing crime rates, low-level quality-of-life crimes seem to be on the rise. He
was brought in from an outside agency in the hope that he would restructure the
police department.
The first changes Chief Williams wants to implement are to the most visible members
ofthe police department. Which division is the most visible to the public?
a. Detective bureau
b. Patrol
c. Special operations
d. Dispatch
A pretext stop one in which what happens?
a. Police officers stop a car because they suspect the driver is involved in a crime
butlack probable cause.
b. Police officers have probable cause that a driver is involved in a crime.
c. An undercover unit witnesses a driver committing a crime, such as a drug
purchase,and a secondary vehicle makes the stop.
d. A car has multiple passengers, so a search is necessary for officer safety.
Although criminal law applies to all inmates in a prison setting, it is rarely enforced.
a. True
b. False
Explain the reaction to the Rodney King incident and how community
policingcounteracted some of its effects.
Answer:Answers will vary.
________________ governs the administration and regulation of city, county, state, and
federal government agencies.
Discuss the legal rights of probationers. In your discussion, give examples of three
court cases that shaped the legal rights of probationers in the United States.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Discuss what is meant by the “inmate social code” and what factors have changed in the
past fifty years that has created a “new inmate culture” in many state and federal
penitentiaries?
Answer:Answers will vary.
List and discuss the factors that affect sentencing.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Discuss sentencing reform with regard to juveniles. What significant impacts have been
made over the years?
Answer:Answers will vary.
The monetary amount required for pretrial release, normally set by a judge, which is
meant to ensure that the accused returns for additional hearings is called
______________.
A ________________________ is a monetary payment made by the defendant as a
punishment.
Delinquents who begin their offending career at a very early age and continue to offend
into adulthood are known as ______________________.
The not-guilty verdict of John Peter Zenger of the New York Weekly Journal in 1735 is
still widely recognized as one of the most famous examples of ____________________
in the nation’s history.
In England, the _________________ was the chief law enforcement official of a
countyand the equivalent of a modern day sheriff.
The _______________ is the legal arm of the federal government and is headed by
theAttorney General.
Explain what is meant by “new-generation jails.”
Answer:Answers will vary.
The use of _________________ force has been found to be linked to factors such as
past experience and the presence of other officers and bystanders.
The ______________________ Act made it a federal offense to transport interstate
commerce goods made in prison for private use.
____________________ is assimilation into the separate culture of the prison.
A government actor’s infringement on a person’s reasonable expectation ofprivacy is
considered a _______________.
One perspective on the causes of police corruption holds that it is a product of society’s
moral ____________________ toward the vice-related behavior that police are sworn
to control.