While police patrol has many objectives, most police experts agree that the majority of
policepatrol efforts are devoted to:
a. Crime fighting
b. Order maintenance
c. Responding to emergencies
d. Deterring crime
Which view of crime contends that there are moral entrepreneurs who want to control
behaviorsthey view as immoral or wrong?
a. Conflict
b. Interactionist
c. Consensus
d. Constructionist
The two components of the stop-and-frisk are justified by, respectively:
a. The need for crime prevention and detection and the need to protect the officer.
b. The need to document reasonable suspicion and the need to establish probable
causefor arrest.
c. The need to establish police presence as a crime deterrent and the need to
preservepotential evidence from destruction.
d. The need to document reasonable suspicion and the need to preserve
potentialevidence from destruction.
One of the most detailed characterizations of prison life was delivered by
inmate-turned-author James A. Paluch, Jr., who referred to prisons as:
a. Death traps.
b. Cold coffins.
c. Cesspools.
d. Double victimization.
Jury selection formerly was conducted using drivers’ licenses and voter registration
roles, but has changed in the past five years and is now conducted through census data.
a. True
b. False
Explain three ways the UCR expresses crime data.
Answer:Answers will vary.
The legal concept of forfeiture was reintroduced under the Racketeer Influenced and
Corrupt Organization (RICO) Act.
a. True
b. False
Aggressive patrol in New York City during the 1990s aimed at vandalism, panhandling,
andgraffiti has been credited with a reduction in what type of crime?
a. Violent crime
b. Prostitution
c. White-collar crime
d. Drug dealing
Currently, which ethnic group does not dominate organized crime?
a. Russian
b. African American
c. Hispanic
d. Italian
Which type of program uses a psychosocial, experiential learning process that relies on
positive peer pressure within a highly structured social environment?
a. Drug resistance education programs
b. Therapeutic communities
c. Remedial drug communities
d. Medicinal communities
Historically, white women were treated much differently than African American
women, with African American women being placed in male prisons and forced to
work on chain gangs.
a. True
b. False
Excessive levels of ___________ have been linked to violence and aggression.
a. Estrogen
b. Progesterone
c. Serotonin
d. Testosterone
Those who challenge the legality of three strikes law do so because they see it as a
violation of which Amendment?
a. Fourth
b. Seventh
c. Eighth
d. Nineteenth
Social disorganization leads to which of the following?
a. Residents’ frustrations over their perceived inability to attain the “American Dream”
b. Weakened informal social control
c. The development of a cognitive landscape that views violence as an acceptable
means to resolve conflict
d. All of the above
An officer’s initial contact with an individual is considered part of the informal criminal
justice process.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following police operations best exemplifies community-oriented
policing?
a. A sting operation in which officers pose as fences for stolen property.
b. Computerized data terminals installed on the dashes of all patrol cars.
c. The hiring of bilingual officers to patrol ethnic neighborhoods.
d. Creation of a well-armed SWAT team trained in hostage negotiation.
After an arrest, the suspect can be detained.
a. True
b. False
Courts that have jurisdiction over cases involving violations of federal laws, including
civil rights abuses, interstate transportation of stolen property, and kidnappings are
called:
a. U.S. interstate courts.
b. U.S. district courts.
c. U.S. courts of last resort.
d. U.S. appellate courts.
How many days could a federal inmate have deducted from their sentence each year for
good time?
a. 10
b. 54
c. 107
d. 365
Which U.S. Supreme Court case deemed the use of deadly force against an unarmed
and nondangerous fleeing felon to be an illegal seizure under the Fourth Amendment?
a. Tennessee v. Garner
b. Graham v. Conner
c. Gregg v. Georgia
d. U.S. v. Weeks
Which style of policing involves the least amount of discretion?
a. Crime fighter
b. Social agent
c. Law enforcer
d. Watchman
Which of the following is not an element of the inmate code?
a. Don”t interfere with inmates’ interests.
b. Don”t lose your head.
c. Don”t talk to the guards.
d. Be tough and don”t lose your dignity.
CASE 9.3
Donald Reed, a Vietnam Veteran and former engineer, was arrested for possession
of marijuana and resisting arrest after officers found him smoking the drug under
a bridge overpass in Cincinnati, Ohio. Mr. Reed is currently unemployed and is
homeless after divorcing his wife in 1999 and losing his job in 2006. Given this
information, answer the following questions.
If it was later determined that Mr. Reed or another party was to pay a partial or full
amount back to the attorney or organization representing him, this would be called:
a. Indigent referral.
b. Recoupment.
c. Reconciliation.
d. Recompensement.
In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court uphold Alabama’s refusal to hire female
correctional officers at male institutions on the grounds that it would put them in
significant danger?
a. Myers v. Lee
b. Fairchild v. Livingston
c. Dothard v. Rawlinson
d. Kapchuk v. Orsagos
Which type of correctional institution houses dangerous felons and maintains strict
security measures, high walls, and limited contact with the outside world?
a. Enhanced super-maximum-security prisons
b. Maximum-security prisons
c. Minimum-security prisons
d. Medium-security prisons
The peak age for property crime is 16; and the peak age for violent crime is:
a. 16.
b. 18.
c. 21.
d. 25.
A police officer cannot arrest someone for a misdemeanor unless the officer sees the
crimeoccur. What is this known as?
a. The hearsay rule
b. In-presence requirement
c. The fruit of the poisonous tree requirement
d. Probable cause
Which term is used to describe organized groups of detectives who deceive criminals
intoopenly committing illegal acts or conspiring to engage in criminal activity?
a. Vice squad
b. Proactive patrol
c. Sting operations
d. Detective bureau
Most criminal cases are processed through the entire formal justice system.
a. True
b. False
The Miranda warnings must be read to all suspects arrested by law enforcement.
a. True
b. False
Inmates who may not be able to defend themselves and are often beaten or raped are
known as:
a. Rats.
b. Punks.
c. Crow.
d. Rollie.
CASE 14.1
Jason Fitch, a 35-year-old white male, is arrested in his home for domestic battery,
aggravated assault on a police officer, and possession of heroin following an
incident in which neighbors called the police after hearing an argument. Given this
information, answer the following questions.
Following eight months in a minimum-security prison, Mr. Fitch was given a
_________________ so that he could attend a community college and further his
education.
a. Work release
b. Furlough
c. Educational pass
d. Schooling clearance
List and describe at least four forms of intermediate sanctions used in the United States.
Which is the most effective and why?
Answer:Answers will vary.
The county prosecutor who is charged with bringing offenders to justice and enforcing
the criminal laws of the state is known as the __________________.
__________ is a form of mens rea, when a person’s careless and inattentive actions
cause harm.
Discuss the population trends associated with prisons, and provide two examples from
the chapter about how states have been dealing with overpopulation.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Discuss the general criteria used to judge the suggestiveness of a pretrialidentification
procedure.
Answer:Answers will vary.
What do you consider to be the top three methods suggested to improve
policeproductivity?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Megan’s Law incorporated community notification and sex offender ___________.
Discuss the attrition of criminal cases by explaining the criminal justice funnel.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Summarize the four levels of law enforcement in the United States.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Discuss three of the branches and functions of the newly formed Department of
HomelandSecurity.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Critics of the death penalty state that it has little deterrent effect on crime. Define what
is meant by this statement, and provide evidence from the text to support this claim.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Explain how the decriminalization of marijuana in some states runs afoul of federal law.
Answer:Answers will vary.
The _______________________ provides funding for police departments interested
inimplementing community-oriented policing.