The legal grounds that authorize wiretapping of any alien the government believes is
amember of a foreign terrorist group or is an agent of foreign power is called:
a. The Terrorist Exemption Act (TEA).
b. The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA).
c. The Wiretap and Surveillance Protection Act (WASP).
d. The Systematic Wiretapping and Eavesdropping Exemption Pact (SWEEP).
All of the following are reasons for court congestion as presented in the text except:
a. Rapid population increases in some areas.
b. More aggressive policing tactics that target minor offenses such as panhandling.
c. The crime rate, which is always on the rise.
d. Legal reforms and new laws.
Children under the age of 18 cannot be charged with a crime.
a. True
b. False
A social and personal history document containing an evaluation of the defendant’s
chances for successful rehabilitation that the judge uses during the sentencing phase is
called:
a. Presentence investigation report.
b. Rehabilitation and placement evaluation.
c. Presentence evaluation report.
d. Diversion and deterrence document.
CASE 12.2
Gloria Karli, a secretary and single mother of three with no prior arrests, was
arrested for larceny and vandalism when she stole $700 worth of jewelry from a
coworker’s house and slashed the coworker’s tires in retaliation for comments
made to Gloria’s supervisor about missing work for unexcused reasons. Given this
information, answer the following questions:
Given Ms. Karli’s noncriminal past, the judge orders the offender into a program that
sentences her to ten days in jail, followed by six months of probation. This is called:
a. Shock probation.
b. Day fines.
c. Restitution.
d. Family circle sentencing.
The legality of a search conducted incident to a lawful arrest is almost
entirelycontingent upon the legality of the arrest itself (i.e., if the arrest is invalidated,
so is the search).
a. True
b. False
Which statement is accurate concerning crime in a historical context in the United
States?
a. In a historical sense, crime peaked during Civil War times and has been diminishing
since that era.
b. The Old West was the only area where gang activity flourished after the Civil War.
c. Crime and violence did not exist when the nation was first formed and are recent
social problems.
d. Crime and violence have been common since the nation was first formed and are not
recent social problems.
CASE 14.1
Jason Fitch, a 35-year-old white male, is arrested in his home for domestic battery,
aggravated assault on a police officer, and possession of heroin following an
incident in which neighbors called the police after hearing an argument. Given this
information, answer the following questions.
Given the seriousness of his crime, yet having no prior convictions, Mr. Fitch was
recognized as being an excellent candidate for which form of parole characterized by
smaller caseloads and mandatory drug testing?
a. Intensive supervision parole
b. Exhaustive parole
c. Day reporting
d. Arduous allotment parole
The grand jury originally was created as a check against the:
a. Defense attorney.
b. Prosecution.
c. Judge.
d. Magistrate.
According to research, which of the following is not a benefit associated with higher
education for police officers?
a. They behave more professionally.
b. Fewer citizen complaints are generated.
c. Crime-fighting ability is enhanced.
d. They have greater self-confidence.
CASE 14.2
Three inmates, all African Americans, have felt segregated from the rest of the
prison and have felt that their privileges for recreation, meals, and religious
practices have been ignored. Given this information, answer the following
questions.
The prison in which the three men in question have been housed for years has been
allowed to operate under a policy that allows prison administration a free hand in
running the institution even if it violates the inmate’s rights. This is called the
___________________.
a. Free-hand policy
b. Blind-eye doctrine
c. Hands-off doctrine
d. Preview policy
A subculture occurs in disorganized neighborhoods marked by apathy, cynicism,
helplessness, and distrust that is passed from one generation to the next, creating a
permanent underclass. This subculture is called:
a. Focal concerns
b. Collective efficacy
c. The culture of poverty
d. The truly disadvantaged
Straight inmates are more likely to respect “true” homosexual inmates, because their
lifestyle was homosexual before entering prison.
a. True
b. False
Some super-max’style prisons lock inmates in their cells for twenty-two to twenty-four
hours a day.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is not a reason for a speedy trial?
a. To ensure that witnesses are available to testify as soon as possible
b. Because it is guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
c. To avoid delays that may inhibit the defendant’s ability to defend himself or herself
d. To avoid lengthy pretrial detentions
CASE 10.1
Frank Crutchfield was arrested for the murder of his coworker Robert Bell
following an argument over the use of the copy machine and the time it took Mr.
Bell to complete his tasks. Mr. Crutchfield had previously told his coworkers of his
anger toward Mr. Bell, but his coworkers did not take this anger seriously. Mr.
Crutchfield was arrested in August 2012. Given this information, answer the
following questions.
Mr. Crutchfield’s bail was set at $250,000,and it was determined that the defendant
would pay a percentage of the bond, about 10%, to a bonding agent, who in turn could
post the remainder for Mr. Crutchfield. This is referred to as a:
a. Full cash bail.
b. Surety bail.
c. Deposit bail.
d. Conditional bail.
CASE 11.1
Brent Weir is arrested for driving under the influence (DUI) in Ohio. On the night
in question, Mr. Weir’s blood alcohol level was .16, twice the legal limit in Ohio.
This was Brent’s first arrest, he has no prior arrests, has a college degree, and runs
a local hotel in the Cleveland area. Given this information, answer the following
questions.
If the judge were to sentence Brent to six months in jail and $2,500 in fines, this would
be an example of:
a. General deterrence.
b. Specific deterrence.
c. Unambiguous deterrence.
d. Exclusive deterrence, given his age
One of the William Penn’s most noteworthy additions to the correction system was:
a. Increased sanitary conditions.
b. Removal of torture and public punishments.
c. The creation of the watchtower in American jails.
d. Hiring female correctional officers in an attempt to create normalcy in the prison
environment.
In the United States, fines are most commonly used in cases involving misdemeanors.
a. True
b. False
In which Supreme Court case was it decided that the federal cocaine sentencing
guidelines, like other guidelines, are advisory?
a. Manning v. Brady
b. Kimbrough v. United States
c. Briggs v. Jackson County
d. Orsagos v. United States
Who is responsible for delivering jury instructions?
a. Judge
b. Prosecutor
c. Defense attorney
d. Bailiff
Which statement regarding the relationship between age and crime is true?
a. Elderly males are predominantly arrested for alcohol-related matters such as
publicdrunkenness and drunk driving.
b. There is no relationship between age and crime.
c. Age is positively related to criminality.
d. The elderly make up less than 1% of all arrestees.
CASE 6.2
A few concerned citizens made an appointment to meet with the chief of police in
Anytown, USA. They are concerned with the productivity of the police department
in their city. They are also concerned with the lack of coordination between the
residents of the city and the police department.
The police chief is concerned with the residents’ request, as he believes that his
policedepartment should stress proactive problem solving. This type of management
style isreferred to as:
a. Problem-oriented policing.
b. Community-oriented policing.
c. Reactive policing.
d. Intelligence-led policing.
If a warrant is issued in violation of the particularity clause, the ensuing search isinvalid
even if the officers actually exercise proper restraint in executing their search.
a. True
b. False
Prison sentences for two or more criminal acts, served simultaneously and that run
together are called:
a. Consecutive sentences.
b. Concurrent sentences.
c. Conclusive sentences.
d. Concomitant sentences.
A felony charge would likely be handled in which state court?
a. Court of special jurisdiction
b. Court of general jurisdiction
c. Court of minimal jurisdiction
d. Court of limited jurisdiction
The use of force by police officers is not a common event.
a. True
b. False
Whichis considered the primary ethical concern of prosecutors?
a. Discretion and morality
b. Handling both the aggravating and mitigating circumstances of the crime.
c. The adversarial system of justice in the United States.
d. Their dual role as representative of the people and officer of the court.
An officer who approaches a group of teenagers standing in a parking lot, checks them
for gang symbols, and calls in to the station to ascertain whether any of them have
active warrants and arresting those with a warrant, exemplifies which style of policing?
a. Crime fighter
b. Social agent
c. Law enforcer
d. Watchman
One difficulty with “courts of last resort” on the state level is that only forty-two states
and the District of Columbia have courts of last resort, with eight states maintaining a
checks and balance system only.
a. True
b. False
In the third phase of his investigation, Jones decides that he needs to obtain the
victim’scomputer hard drive and cell phone records to establish with whom the victim
may have hadcontact prior to the murder. This is known as what?
a. Intelligence gathering
b. General coverage
c. Informative data gathering
d. Specific focus
The most critical information for determining a case outcome is the __________ and
the___________ of the suspect.
Discuss the historical development of criminal law in the United States.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Corrections Corporation of America is known as one of the largest _______________
industries in the United States.
Discuss the history of the juvenile justice system abroad and in the United States until
the mid-1800s.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Under _____________________, or focused, probation, teams of probation officers
take on clients convicted of one type of crime (e.g., drug offenses) so as to provide a
higher quality of treatment.
A society’s ability to control individual behavior in order to serve the best interests and
welfare of thesociety as awhole is known as ________________.
List the procedural due process rights that are guaranteed to an individual. Describe the
importance of procedural due process.
Answer:Answers will vary.
The __________________________ is the theory that police workload influences
discretion so that as workload increases, less time and attention can be devoted to new
cases.
_______________ is usually credited with originating the modern probation concept
beginning in Boston in the 1840s.
Immigrants have significantly ____________________ rates of incarceration than the
averageU.S. citizen.
Differentiate between individual violence and collective violence. Which has been more
problematic to prison safety?
Answer:Answers will vary.
The evidentiary standard of proof required to convict a defendant in a criminal trial is
____________________
Explain the underlying ideals behind community-oriented policing.
Answer:Answers will vary.
What is the time-in-rank system of promotion? What are the advantages
anddisadvantages of the time-in-rank system of police promotion?
Answer:Answers will vary.
List and discuss the levels of Walker’s “wedding cake” model of justice.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Explain some of the ways a factually innocent defendant may suffer because of plea
bargaining.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Intensive probation supervision, house arrest, electronic monitoring, and restitution
orders are examples of ________________________.
Employee pilferage, bribery, commodities law violations, mail fraud, computer fraud,
andembezzlement are examples of _________ crimes.