Which of the following was not an innovation advocated by Zebulon Brockway?
a. Indeterminate sentencing
b. Parole
c. Corporal punishment
d. Individual treatment
Which landmark U.S. Supreme Court case held that juveniles have the same right to
due process at trial as adults?
a. Kent v. United States (1966)
b. Breed v. Jones (1975)
c. Fare v. Michael C (1979)
d. In re Gault (1967)
Many researchers believe that the presence of female guards can have an important
beneficial effect on the self-image of inmates and improve working relationships.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is false regarding suspect behavior and characteristics?
a. Suspects who physically resist the police are more likely to receive some form of
physical coercion in return.
b. Suspects who offer verbal disrespect are as likely as suspects who physically resist to
be met with physical force by police.
c. Women are less likely to be arrested than men.
d. A negative suspect demeanor is more likely to result in formal police action.
Stopping, questioning, or searching an individual without legal justification represents a
serious violation of the Fourth Amendment.
a. True
b. False
The term actus reus refers to the:
a. Measurement of mental ability.
b. Exclusion of omission.
c. Guilty person.
d. Guilty act.
Which of the following is an example of an impact munition?
a. Tasers
b. Rubber bullets
c. Pepper spray
d. Handcuffs
The death penalty has been shown to be a deterrent to violent crime.
a. True
b. False
A government actor’s infringement on a person’s reasonable expectation of privacy
isreferred to as a:
a. Warrant.
b. Curtilage.
c. Search.
d. Seizure.
The Statute of Westminster was established in 1275 which set out the offenses which
were bailable and those which were not.
a. True
b. False
A prosecutor is ready to proceed with a case but decides not to because, upon further
investigation, he finds that even though the act committed by the defendant was illegal,
it was minor and no one was hurt. What would be the rationale for this dismissal?
a. Interests of justice.
b. Pretrial diversion.
c. Due process problem.
d. Referral.
Carl is found guilty of murdering his wife. Under the concept of civil law, Carl’s in-laws
can file a lawsuit against Carl for wrongful death.
a. True
b. False
The evidentiary criterion necessary to sustain an arrest or the issuance of an arrest
orsearch warrant is known as:
a. The hearsay rule.
b. The in-presence requirement.
c. The fruit of the poisonous tree requirement.
d. Probable cause.
CASE 6.2
A few concerned citizens made an appointment to meet with the chief of police in
Anytown, USA. They are concerned with the productivity of the police department
in their city. They are also concerned with the lack of coordination between the
residents of the city and the police department.
The concerned residents are pushing for police programs to bring police and the public
closertogether and to create a more cooperative environment between them. This type
of policing isreferred to as:
a. Intelligence-led policing.
b. Problem-oriented policing.
c. Community-oriented policing.
d. Reactive policing.
CASE 12.2
Gloria Karli, a secretary and single mother of three with no prior arrests, was
arrested for larceny and vandalism when she stole $700 worth of jewelry from a
coworker’s house and slashed the coworker’s tires in retaliation for comments
made to Gloria’s supervisor about missing work for unexcused reasons. Given this
information, answer the following questions:
After the completion of her jail sentence Gloria is released, but three days into her
probation she is found to have harassed and threatened the victim of the prior offense.
Which type of hearing of is scheduled in order to address the new charges?
a. Revocation
b. Restitution
c. Retraction
d. Probation repeal
In the case of Shaw v. Murphy (2001), it was ruled that inmates do not have an absolute
right to correspond with other inmates, even if it concerns legal advice.
a. True
b. False
In which 1964 case did the Supreme Court rule that inmates who were being denied the
right to practice religion were entitled to legal redress?
a. Cooper v. Pate
b. Henry v. Erbacher
c. Shotinstein v. Breckingridge
d. O”Lone v. Sancomb
According to statistics released in 2012 of inmates recently discharged from prison,
what proportion of inmates had been sexually victimized by a guard or inmate?
a. 1 in 10
b. 3 in 10
c. 5 in 10
d. 8 in 10
Which procedure is often used as an alternative to the grand jury?
a. Initial hearing
b. Arraignment
c. Preliminary hearing
d. Criminal trial
The role of ______ law enforcement evolved from that of the early English shire reeve,
whoseprimary duty was to assist the royal judges in trying prisoners and enforcing
sentences.
a. Local
b. County
c. State
d. Federal
Violent crime rates in the United States have increased significantly since the early
1990s.
a. True
b. False
Which Amendment prohibits the death penalty for persons under the age of 18 years?
a. Fourth
b. Fifth
c. Eighth
d. Eighteenth
Laws that require that certain dangerous defendants be confined before trial for their
own protection and that of the community are called:
a. Preventive detention statutes.
b. Avertable detention statutes.
c. Exclusionary statutes.
d. Avertable statutes.
Which of the following is not one of the four major categories of police corruption?
a. External corruption
b. Selective enforcement or nonenforcement
c. Active criminality
d. Bribery and extortion
Diversion is one way of moving a first-time or nonserious offender into treatment as
opposed to a more serious and potentially life-altering sanction.
a. True
b. False
CASE 14.2
Three inmates, all African Americans, have felt segregated from the rest of the
prison and have felt that their privileges for recreation, meals, and religious
practices have been ignored. Given this information, answer the following
questions.
The three men, all Muslims, felt that the prison should allow for a separate area for
them to practice their religion. The federal court denied their request based on the Court
decision in which case?
a. Seville v. Thomas
b. O”Lone v. Estate of Shabazz
c. Simpson v. Minnesota Correctional Facilities
d. Porter v. Nussle
Restitution programs must include monetary fines to the victim and cannot be used in
conjunction with community service programs.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is an argument of Hirschi’s social control theory?
a. Delinquents are detached loners whose bond to friends has been broken.
b. Delinquents have the same friendship patterns as conventional youth.
c. There is a definitive reason why a person’s social bond is weakened.
d. Only females who are detached from their parents are at risk for gang involvement.
Spree killers:
a. Are motivated by the quest for drug profits and street power.
b. Kill many victims in a single violent outburst.
c. Spread their murderous outburst over a few days or weeks.
d. Kill over a long period of time but typically assume a “normal” identity between
murders.
Which of the following is not a factor identified in the text as related to police
shootings?
a. Local and national levels of violence
b. Police workload
c. The threat hypothesis
d. All of these are factors related to police shootings
CASE 7.2
Detective Smith is a fourteen-year police veteran who has been working in internal
affairs for the past four years. He was assigned to internal affairs to investigate
allegations of police misconduct and corruption. While working as a police officer,
he put himself through law school in the evenings and received his law license six
years ago. Although he enjoyed being a road patrol officer, he feels it is more
important to protect the citizens of the community against the few corrupt police
officers who may exist on his police force.
One of Detective Smith’s first investigations as an internal affairs detective is on a
seventeen-year police veteran who is being accused of demanding bribes from local
drug dealers and helping them transport their narcotics in the trunk of his police car. If
the allegations are true, this officer can be classified as a:
a. Grass eater.
b. Candy eater.
c. Meat eater.
d. Beer drinker.
Which type of community-based correctional facility houses inmates before their
outright release so they can become gradually acclimated to conventional society?
a. Community treatment facility
b. Halfway house
c. Boot camp
d. Placement house
____________________ can classify fingerprints and identify up to 250 characteristics
on theprint.
The____________________ is responsible for investigating alleged crimes, examining
evidence, and issuingindictments.
Define the process of the juvenile waiver. What are the five main forms of waiver, and
what key variables must be considered to waive a juvenile to adult court? Finally, what
does research say about whether juveniles should or should not be waived to adult
court?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Bars, bus depots, and hotels are considered ___________ because a significant portion
ofpolice calls typically originate in these areas.
Compare and contrast the four major styles of police work.
Answer:Answers will vary
The _________________________ dictates that evidence obtained illegally cannot be
admitted in a criminal court of law.
Designated police patrol areas are called ____________________.
The court case of _________________ ruled that the death penalty amounted to cruel
and unusual punishment, in violation of the Eighth Amendment.
Define three strike laws. Discuss the pros and cons of the laws, providing examples.
What are the primary legal controls in place regarding three strike laws?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Explain the benefits of private prisons.
Answer:Answers will vary.
The ________________ defense is used when the defendant’s state of mind at the time
of the crime negates responsibility.
___________________ may be considered typical teenagers who get into minor
scrapes and engage in what might be considered rebellious teenage behavior with their
friends.
According to Merton’s strain theory, youths who reject conventional goals and choose
to live as drug users or alcoholics are called _______________.
Public order crimes such as prostitution and drug abuse are also referred to as
____________crimes.
____________________ is concerned with guarding private property from theft,
trespass, anddamage.
The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before
the onset of formal criminal proceedings is known as____________________.
A ______________ decision delivered by the Supreme Court is one that sets a new
precedent in the law by which all lower courts must abide.
_________ is the minimum age at which one can be executed, as set by Roper v.
Simmons (2005).
Surveys have revealed that 60% of police chiefs are in agreement that Miranda
Warningsare beneficial and should not be rescinded by the courts. It has also been
suggested that Mirandawarnings “handcuff” the police. To which point of view do you
subscribe, and why?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Explain how the internal affairs division “polices the police.”
Answer:Answers will vary.