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1. Most police agencies are organized in a(n) ______ manner.
a.
Cooperative and democratic
b.
Egalitarian
c.
Hierarchical
d.
Corporate and businesslike
2. How do most municipal police departments determine promotion eligibility?
a.
Time-in-rank
b.
Testing
c.
Arrest performance
d.
Physical agility
3. Which of the following is not a program or policy to try to improve patrol effectiveness?
a.
Aggressive patrol
b.
Decrease the number of arrests
c.
Rapid response
d.
Targeting of specific crimes
4. While police patrol has many objectives, most police experts agree that the majority of police patrol efforts are devoted
to:
a.
Crime fighting
b.
Order maintenance
c.
Responding to emergencies
d.
Deterring crime
5. The goal of the Kansas City Patrol Study was to evaluate:
a.
The effectiveness of different patrol models.
b.
Police use of force standards.
c.
The time-in-rank system of promotion.
d.
Command and control structures.
6. What was the principal finding of the Kansas City Patrol Study?
a.
The type of patrol model adopted has a significant impact on crime.
b.
Patrol techniques can significantly impact citizens’ satisfaction with police.
c.
Patrol techniques can have a significant impact on citizens’ attitudes.
d.
There is little evidence to suggest that increased police patrol deters crime.
7. Police stopping motorists to issue citations and aggressively arresting suspicious persons is an example of what type of
policing?
a.
Proactive
b.
Reactive
c.
Neighborhood
d.
Community
8. Aggressive patrol in New York City during the 1990s aimed at vandalism, panhandling, and graffiti has been credited
with a reduction in what type of crime?
a.
Violent crime
b.
Prostitution
c.
White-collar crime
d.
Drug dealing
9. Which type of intelligence includes gaining or developing information related to threats of terrorism or crime and using
this information to apprehend offenders, harden targets, and use strategies that will eliminate or mitigate the threat.
a.
Unified intelligence
b.
Strategic intelligence
c.
Actuarial intelligence
d.
Tactical intelligence
10. Conducting an interview with a family member of the victim who was present at the crime scene would fall into the
________ investigative stage.
a.
Specific focus
b.
General coverage
c.
Informative data gathering
d.
Victim/suspect time lines
11. Which term is used to describe organized groups of detectives who deceive criminals into openly committing illegal
acts or conspiring to engage in criminal activity?
a.
Vice squad
b.
Proactive patrol
c.
Sting operations
d.
Detective bureau
12. Which is the term used to describe an effect that occurs when criminals move from an area targeted for increased
police presence to another that is less well protected.
a.
Replacement
b.
Displacement
c.
Routine activities
d.
Differential association
13. Which of the following is false regarding beliefs underlying community policing?
a.
Patrol by car is an essential tool of community policing.
b.
Officers should return to a style of policing that involves contact with the people they serve.
c.
Community relations and crime control effectiveness cannot be the charge of a few specialized police units.
d.
Community policing has been a response to officers’ frustration with the lack of community support.
14. Which of the following was not one of the reasons behind the evolution of community policing?
a.
Move toward a crime control perspective
b.
Citizen frustration with police detachment
c.
Inability of patrol to reduce certain types of crime
d.
Desire to improve the public image of the police
15. Community-oriented policing links police effectiveness to:
a.
Efficient utilization of existing personnel.
b.
Interrelationships between cooperative police agencies.
c.
Optimized usage of advanced technology.
d.
Productive interaction with the community being served.
16. The first experiments in community-oriented policing involved:
a.
Streamlining in the number of ranks in a department.
b.
Storefront mini-stations.
c.
Decentralized, neighborhood-based precincts.
d.
Foot patrol.
17. Which of the following police operations best exemplifies community-oriented policing?
a.
A sting operation in which officers pose as fences for stolen property.
b.
Computerized data terminals installed on the dashes of all patrol cars.
c.
The hiring of bilingual officers to patrol ethnic neighborhoods.
d.
Creation of a well-armed SWAT team trained in hostage negotiation.
18. The concept of hot spots of crime is most closely associated with which model of policing?
a.
Intelligence-led policing
b.
Police-community relations (PCR)
c.
Community-oriented policing (COP)
d.
Problem-oriented policing (POP)
19. Tactical and strategic intelligence are most closely associated with which model of policing?
a.
Community-oriented policing
b.
Intelligence-led policing
c.
Proactive policing
d.
Problem-oriented policing
20. Civilian employees are helpful in minimizing costs for police departments and can be used in all of the following
capacities except:
a.
Clerical work.
b.
Communications gear.
c.
Traffic control.
d.
Investigations.
21. Which model sees the role of the police as maintainers of community order and safety?
a.
Broken windows policing
b.
Community-oriented policing
c.
Rapid response
d.
Procedural justice policing
22. Which model of policing believes that police need to aggressively target low-level quality-oflife offenses?
a.
Community-oriented policing
b.
Rapid response
c.
Procedural justice policing
d.
Broken windows policing
23. Who are considered the backbone of a police department?
a.
Vice squad
b.
Uniformed police officers
c.
Detectives
d.
Chiefs
24. Which term is used to describe the concern with making decisions that are arrived at through procedures that are
viewed as fair?
a.
Individual rights
b.
Crime control
c.
Due process
d.
Procedural justice
25. Which concept of policing aims to treat citizens with dignity and respect?
a.
Procedural justice
b.
Broken windows
c.
Community policing
d.
Intelligence-led policing
26. Who is assigned to enforce morality-based laws, such as those addressing prostitution and gambling?
a.
Justice squads
b.
Vice squads
c.
Ace squads
d.
Morality squads
27. Which of the following is not a concept associated with broken windows policing?
a.
The use of preventive patrol throughout a jurisdiction to deter offending and improve police and community
relations.
b.
Neighborhood disorder creates fear.
c.
Neighborhoods give out crime-promoting signals.
d.
Police need to aggressively target low-level quality-of-life crimes.
28. Detective Jones is investigating a murder. As a seasoned investigator, Jones uses the threepronged approach to solving
cases. At the onset of his investigation, Jones visits the crime scene, interviews witnesses, and collects evidence. This is
known as what?
a.
Informative data gathering
b.
Specific focus
c.
Intelligence gathering
d.
General coverage
29. Proceeding with his investigation, Jones decides to go to the neighborhood where the victim lived to interview the
victim’s friends and neighbors. He also visits the victim’s employer and talks with the victim’s boss and co-workers. This
is known as what?
a.
Specific focus
b.
General coverage
c.
Informative data gathering
d.
Intelligence gathering
30. In the third phase of his investigation, Jones decides that he needs to obtain the victim’s computer hard drive and cell
phone records to establish with whom the victim may have had contact prior to the murder. This is known as what?
a.
Intelligence gathering
b.
General coverage
c.
Informative data gathering
d.
Specific focus
31. A Florida-based police department is interested in cutting costs. One tactic they are considering implementing is
absorbing some units with fewer than ten personnel into larger units. This process is known as what?
a.
Consolidation
b.
Sharing
c.
Pooling
d.
Informal arrangement
CASE 6.1
Chief Williams is a newly hired police chief in the city of Middletown. He was hired to implement changes in the
police department. After five consecutive years of increasing crime rates, low-level quality-of-life crimes seem to be
on the rise. He was brought in from an outside agency in the hope that he would restructure the police
department.
32. The first changes Chief Williams wants to implement are to the most visible members of the police department. Which
division is the most visible to the public?
a.
Detective bureau
b.
Patrol
c.
Special operations
d.
Dispatch
33. Chief Williams believes that the designated patrol areas need to be made smaller for the patrol officers. What are these
designated patrol areas known as?
a.
Quarters
b.
Zones
c.
Divisions
d.
Beats
34. Other improvements to patrol need to be made according to Chief Williams’s assessment. He believes that the police
should be maintainers of community order and safety. This model of policing is referred to as:
a.
The technological model.
b.
The broken windows model.
c.
Procedural justice.
d.
Rapid response.
35. Chief Williams believes that the investigative unit of the police department needs an overhaul. He believes it is
important for there to be a unit that enforces morality-based laws. This type of unit is typically referred to as a(n):
a.
Command squad.
b.
Crime squad.
c.
Undercover squad.
d.
Vice squad.
CASE 6.2
A few concerned citizens made an appointment to meet with the chief of police in Anytown, USA. They are
concerned with the productivity of the police department in their city. They are also concerned with the lack of
coordination between the residents of the city and the police department.
36. Mr. Smith is one resident who brings up at the meeting that there are a few locations, known as hot spots of crime, that
are the biggest concern for the residents. All of the following are considered to be potential hotspots of crime except:
a.
Bars.
b.
Bus depots.
c.
Malls.
d.
Schools.
37. The concerned residents are pushing for police programs to bring police and the public closer together and to create a
more cooperative environment between them. This type of policing is referred to as:
a.
Intelligence-led policing.
b.
Problem-oriented policing.
c.
Community-oriented policing.
d.
Reactive policing.
38. The police chief is concerned with the residents’ request, as he believes that his police department should stress
proactive problem solving. This type of management style is referred to as:
a.
Problem-oriented policing.
b.
Community-oriented policing.
c.
Reactive policing.
d.
Intelligence-led policing.
39. Mrs. Stern expresses that she is pleased that the crime rate in her area has decreased as a result of proactive efforts of
the police department. At the same time, Mrs. Joseph complains that the crime that disappeared in Mrs. Stern’s
neighborhood has now moved to her neighborhood.
This effect is known as:
a.
Displacement.
b.
Replacement.
c.
Advancement.
d.
Substitution.
40. Mr. Smith also expresses concern that the division that is supposed to investigate allegations of police misconduct
does not take his complaints seriously. He recently filed a complaint that one officer used aggressive techniques when
dealing with his son on a traffic stop. Which unit
is responsible for investigating these allegations?
a.
Department affairs
b.
Internal affairs
c.
Investigative affairs
d.
Community affairs
41. The average police officer can expect to make between ten and fifteen arrests per month for serious crimes.
a.
True
b.
False
42. The detective bureau is considered the backbone of policing.
a.
True
b.
False
43. Creating a feeling of security is one of the major purposes of police patrol.
a.
True
b.
False
44. Crime fighting is a major part of the daily routine of patrol officers.
a.
True
b.
False
45. Undercover work is an unnecessary element of police work.
a.
True
b.
False
46. Community-oriented policing and problem-oriented policing are closely associated.
a.
True
b.
False
47. Police departments may reduce costs by hiring civilians to conduct administrative support duties.
a.
True
b.
False
48. Fusion centers provide the means for community input.
a.
True
b.
False
49. Intelligence gathering for law enforcement follows a process in which analysis is the first part of the process.
a.
True
b.
False
50. The core of problem-oriented policing is a proactive approach to law enforcement.
a.
True
b.
False
51. Foot patrol efforts were aimed at forming a bond with community residents by acquainting residents with the
individual officers who patrolled their neighborhood.
a.
True
b.
False
52. Police agencies have always had the cooperation and respect of the communities they serve.
a.
True
b.
False
53. The majority of a police officer’s time is spent handling minor disturbances, service calls, and performing
administrative tasks.
a.
True
b.
False
54. Patrol officers have a great deal of discretion in how they handle individual incidents.
a.
True
b.
False
55. Studies have found that foot patrols are effective at reducing crime.
a.
True
b.
False
56. Operation Ceasefire was a successful problem-oriented policing case study aimed at curbing youth gang homicides in
Boston.
a.
True
b.
False
57. Highly focused, as opposed to randomized, policing efforts are currently believed to be most effective at solving
street-level crime problems.
a.
True
b.
False
58. One of the goals of Intelligence-led Policing is to shift the focus of police work to be more reactive as opposed to
proactive.
a.
True
b.
False
59. One advantage of Intelligence-led Policing is its focus on criminogenic “hot spots.”
a.
True
b.
False
60. An advantage of hiring civilians to work in police departments is that they are often paid less than police officers.
a.
True
b.
False
61. Most departments promote police personnel according to the ____________________ system.
62. Designated police patrol areas are called ____________________.
63. ____________________ is another term for the order-maintenance function of police.
64. ____________________ combines a homeland security focus with the many advances made in the realms of
community- and problem-oriented policing.
65. Aggressive patrol is a tactic employed as part of an overall philosophy of ____________________ policing.
66. ____________________ provides information to decision makers about the changing nature of certain problems and
threats for the purpose of developing response strategies and reallocating resources.
67. A(n) ____________________ is an operation designed to encourage and observe criminal behavior so the officers can
make an arrest.
68. ____________________ is/are programs designed to bring police and the public closer together and create a more
cooperative environment between them.
69. A _______ is a mechanism to exchange information and intelligence, maximize resources, streamline operations, and
improve the ability to fight crime and terrorism.
70. __________________ is the police unit that investigates allegations of police misconduct.
71. A formal intelligence-sharing initiative that identified security and intelligence-sharing needs in the wake of the 9/11
terrorist attacks is the _____________________.
72. An effect that occurs when criminals move from an area targeted for increased police presence to another that is less
well protected is known as _____________.
73. Bars, bus depots, and hotels are considered ___________ because a significant portion of police calls typically
originate in these areas.
74. _______________ is concerned with making decisions that are arrived at through procedures that are viewed as fair.
75. The most highly visible member of the police force is the ___________________
76. The most critical information for determining a case outcome is the __________ and the ___________ of the suspect.
77. The _______________________ provides funding for police departments interested in implementing community-
oriented policing.
78. ______________________________ are geographic locations where crime is highly concentrated.
79. ____________________________ are unwritten agreements between neighboring localities to perform tasks that are
mutually beneficial to both agencies, such as monitoring radio traffic in order to provide backup.
80. How does the media-depicted version of policing differ from reality?
81. What is the time-in-rank system of promotion? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the time-in-rank system
of police promotion?
82. How does the media-depicted version of policing differ from reality?
83. What are the major purposes of patrol?
84. Describe the three-pronged approach detectives take in an investigation.
85. Discuss the three components of community-oriented policing.
86. Discuss the development of Intelligence-led Policing since 9/11.
87. How does CompStat compare to intelligence-led policing?
88. What do you consider to be the top three methods suggested to improve police productivity?
89. Explain the theoretical underpinnings of broken windows policing. How do quality-of-life offenses cause more serious
crimes? How can the police respond to these incidents?
90. Explain some of the ethical concerns with sting operations and undercover work.
91. Explain the underlying ideals behind community-oriented policing.
92. Explain how problem-oriented policing has been used to address auto theft.
93. Of the various innovative policing strategies discussed in the text, Community-oriented Policing, Problem-oriented
Policing, Intelligence-led Policing, and CompStat, which do you think is most effective and why?
94. Explain the operation of fusion centers.
95. Explain how the internal affairs division “polices the police.”
