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Which of the following are factors that may be assessed in determining the length of a
sentence?
a. The severity of the offense
b. The motive of the crime
c. The offender's prior history
d. All of the above
In order for a robbery to occur, the robber must acquire the victim's possessions. This is
referred to as:
a. Asportation.
b. Confiscation.
c. Strict liability.
d. Transportation.
Research shows that a large percentages of officers are continually involved in problem
behavior.
a. True
b. False
In recent years there has been increased interest in the biology of crime, including
biochemical, neurological, evolutionary, and genetic concerns.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following states do not use a comprehensive structured sentencing system
setting standards for felonies and misdemeanors, intermediate sentencing, community
punishments, and the distribution of state funds for correctional programs?
a. North Carolina
b. Pennsylvania
c. Ohio
d. South Carolina
The perspective sees the justice system as a mechanism of caring for and treating
people who cannotmanage themselves, and assumes that people are at the mercy of
social, economic, and interpersonal conditions.
a. Equal justice
b. Crime control
c. Rehabilitation
d. Due process
The ______ Amendment prohibits excessive bail.
a. Fourth
b. Fifth
c. Eighth
d. Fourteenth
Which of the following is the landmark 2002 case in which the Supreme Court ruled
that correctional officials who knowingly violate the Eighth Amendment rights of
inmates can be held liable for damages?
a. Shabazz v. McMillian
b. Artz v. Harvey
c. Hope v. Pelzer
d. Briggs v. Hawley
Proceeding with his investigation, Jones decides to go to the neighborhood where the
victimlived to interview the victim's friends and neighbors. He also visits the victim's
employer andtalks with the victim's boss and co-workers. This is known as what?
a. Specific focus
b. General coverage
c. Informative data gathering
d. Intelligence gathering
CASE 14.1
Jason Fitch, a 35-year-old white male, is arrested in his home for domestic battery,
aggravated assault on a police officer, and possession of heroin following an
incident in which neighbors called the police after hearing an argument. Given this
information, answer the following questions.
In evaluating Mr. Fitch's case file, correctional caseworkers decide that Jason needs
help working on his aggressive tendencies and his expression of these feelings. Most
likely Mr. Fitch would be placed in:
a. Drug rehabilitation counseling.
b. An anger management course.
c. Individual faith-based counseling.
d. Intensive supervision counseling.
Which of the following is a type of sentencing in which all parties, victims, offenders,
community, and family members participate in an effort to devise fair and reasonable
sanctions aimed at reintegration of the offender into the community?
a. Family group counseling
b. Sentencing circles
c. Victim"offender mediation
d. Restorative counseling
Civic leaders who focused their attention on the misdeeds of poor children to control
their behavior were called:
a. Life savers
b. Child savers
c. Guardian investors
d. Delinquent stakeholders
Which of the following crimes is not included in the Uniform Crime Report's list of Part
I orindex crimes?
a. Criminal homicide
b. Motor vehicle theft
c. Simple assault
d. Arson
Which of the following is not one of the four primary factors linked to prosecutorial
decision making?
a. System factors
b. Case factors
c. Disposition factors
d. Situational factors
A court that has primary jurisdiction over specific types of offenses and that operates
differently than a traditional criminal courts is referred to as a:
a. Drug court.
b. Court of last resort.
c. Specialized court.
d. Court of limited jurisdiction.
Less serious felonies make up the bottom layer of the criminal justice system wedding
cake.
a. True
b. False
As a private citizen, a person could enter someone else's property and search
forcontraband without triggering Fourth Amendment prohibitions.
a. True
b. False
A formal charging document, similar to an indictment, based on probable cause as
determined at a preliminary hearing is called:
a. An arraignment.
b. Judging.
c. Information.
d. A warrant.
CASE 14.3
A South Carolina inmate serving a twenty-five-year sentence for second-degree
murder was recently diagnosed as HIV-positive. He had argued for years that he
should be tested and believed the correctional facility did very little to
accommodate this request. Given this information, answer the following questions.
The inmate sued the correctional facility and won, using which case, in which the
Supreme Court mandated an inmate's right to have medical care.
a. Henry v. Knappford
b. Estelle v. Gamble
c. Hudson v. McMillian
d. Kemp v. Eithier
In the case of Baston v. Kentucky, the Supreme Court held that the use of peremptory
challenges against potential jurors by prosecutors in criminal cases violated the
Constitution if the challenges were based solely on race.
a. True
b. False
Under its reformulated priorities, the FBI's primary objective is to protect the:
a. Civil rights of those residing in the United States.
b. Businesses in the United States from infiltration by organized crime.
c. U.S. against espionage.
d. U.S. from terrorist attacks.
The ________ was intended to supplement the UCR with more detailed information
aboutvictim and offender characteristics.
a. NIBRS
b. NCVS
c. Monitoring the Future Survey
d. Self-report
Once taken into custody, a child has the same Fourth Amendment Rights as an adult.
a. True
b. False
The most common punishment for prosecutorial overzealousness is disbarment.
a. True
b. False
The setup of most women's prisons closely resembles that of college dormitories.
a. True
b. False
The National Crime Victimization Survey and the UCR are the only methods of crime
datacollection used in the United States.
a. True
b. False
CASE 4.1
Johnny has been burglarizing houses since he was 12 years old. He is now 25 years
old, and he is becoming more violent in his crimes. Now he actually commits his
burglaries when people are home, and he is in possession of a firearm when he
commits his burglaries. The elements of an armed burglary include:
Willfully entering a dwelling.
Be armed or arming oneself after entering the house or committing an assault on a
person who is lawfully in the house.
Knowingly and intentionally committing the crime.
Johnny is looking at spending many years in prison if he is convicted of the most recent
armed burglary of which he is accused. Because of the potential punishment, the crime
of armed burglary most like qualifies as a:
a. Felony.
b. Misdemeanor.
c. Tort.
d. Violation.
CASE 8.1
In the rural Appalachian Mountains, two locals are known as possible marijuana
growers. The police have been conducting surveillance on the two men for over six
months and have found no visual evidence of the production or possession of an
illegal substance. Having exhausted all other avenues, answer the following
questions to determine the legality of the police activities.
The use of surveillance aircraft in a flyover is used and detects over five
hundredmarijuana plants growing in a field next to the dwelling. This action is:
a. Upheld by Oliver v. United States, which states that Fourth Amendment
protectiondoes not apply to open fields.
b. Illegal based on the court ruling of Pleasanton v. United States, which protectsany
adjacent fields or dwellings with fifty yards of a residence.
c. Legal because of the probable cause obtained by the flyover.
d. Illegal based on the Terry v. Ohio court decision protecting curtilage.
Which of the early forms of judicial proceedings involved a determination of guilt
based on the ability of the accused to withstand placing his hand in boiling water or
holding a hot iron?
a. Trial by ordeal
b. Trial by combat
c. Trial by fire
d. Trial by jury
A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against a person accused of a crime and to
determine whether there is sufficient evidence to proceed to trial is a:
a. Civil jury.
b. Grand jury.
c. Prosecutorial jury.
d. Pretrial jury.
The ____________________ Amendment guarantees a public trial by an impartial jury.
The ________________ is the nation's highest appellate body and the court of last
resort.
Explain some of the hazards a new inmate may experience going into prison for the first
time. What are some coping strategies an inmate might look to in order to survive?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Discuss two disorders that have been linked to antisocial youth.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Compare and contrast the two primary views on corrections (e.g., that jails and prisons
are therapeutic environments for treating offenders and that they segregate offenders
from society as well as deter potential offenders).
Answer:Answers will vary.
Define intermediate sanctions and provide an explanation of the advantages of
intermediate sanctions for the criminal justice system and offender.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Discuss the early history of corrections in England and how this helped shape the
American correctional system currently in place today.
Answer:Answers will vary.
People who wage campaigns to control behaviors they view as immoral or wrong are
referredto as _____________________________.
The ____________________ helps control sales of untaxed liquor and cigarettes.
It currently costs federal, state, and local governments more than $___________ billion
per year for civil andcriminal justice.
In light of the 9/11 attacks, are you in favor of the increased flexibility the court
hasextended to the FBI to conduct wiretaps? Do you think such wiretaps are ethical?
Answer:Answers will vary.
What were the primary methods of labor with prison inmates, and what eventually
decimated the prison industry in the mid-1900s?
Answer:Answers will vary.
The genesis of the modern practice of separating juvenile and adult offenders can be
traced back to poor laws and _____________________ courts.
____________________ provides information to decision makers about the changing
nature ofcertain problems and threats for the purpose of developing response strategies
and reallocatingresources.
Dogmatic, authoritarian, and suspicious are some common police _________________
traits.
____________________ is paramount in the private policing context, whereas public
policingrelies more heavily on the detection of criminal acts and the apprehension of
suspects.
What are the duties of the U.S. Marshals?
Answer:Answers will vary.
__________________________ was a key originator of the American correctional
system in Pennsylvania in the seventeenth century.
Explain the operation of fusion centers.
Answer:Answers will vary.
