Which is the correct hierarchical order of law enforcement agencies?
a. Federal, county, state, metropolitan
b. Federal, state, county, metropolitan
c. Federal, state, metropolitan, county
d. Federal, metropolitan, state, county
Restorative justice is aimed at bringing all members of the offense together, including
victims, offender, families, community, and law enforcement.
a. True
b. False
Which is a method of judicial selection that combines a judicial nominating
commission, executive appointment, and nonpartisan confirmation elections?
a. Missouri Plan
b. Mark English Plan
c. Dispute resolution
d. Concept summary plan
CASE 7.1
Anthony is a new police recruit who just graduated from the police academy and
has been hired by a large metropolitan police department in Florida. He reports to
work for his first shift and is assigned a field training officer, Jeffrey. Anthony is
excited to begin his work as a police officer, as this is something he has wanted
since he was a child. During Anthony’s first shift he meets many of his fellow
police officers. He is given a lot of different advice by these different officers. He
quickly learns that there are different policing styles.
Harold’s partner, Cecilia, takes a different approach to policing. She believes that
Harold is too focused on the criminal and explains that she went into policing to work
with the special needs population. She likes working with the homeless and those who
require emergency services. Cecilia follows which style of policing?
a. Crime fighter
b. Law enforcer
c. Social agent
d. Watchman
When it comes to police discretion and offense seriousness, officers have the most
discretion when it comes to crimes such as murder or rape.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is true concerning criminal law and tort law?
a. In criminal law, the right of enforcement belongs to the state.
b. In tort law, the right of enforcement belongs to the state.
c. Tort law is a public offense.
d. In criminal law, the individual receives damages as compensation for harm done.
According to Sampson and Laub, what are the two most critical turning points in a
criminal career?
a. Marriage and employment
b. Employment and imprisonment
c. Children and imprisonment
d. Victimization and social bonds
The intended goal of restorative justice is to:
a. Repair injuries suffered by the victim and the community.
b. Ensure reintegration of the offender into the community.
c. Repair injuries suffered by the victim and the community and ensure reintegration of
the offender into the community.
d. Reduce prison crowding and the administrative costs of probation.
Which of the following is an extralegal factor?
a. The age of the offender
b. The available evidence surrounding the offense
c. The suspect’s prior record
d. The seriousness of the charge
Which case held that the Fourth Amendment guarantee against unreasonable searches is
not violated by drug testing all students who choose to participate in interscholastic
athletics.
a. In re Gault
b. Vernonia School District v. Acton
c. Miller v. Alabama
d. Prominent Academy v. Hayes
A local police department is noticing that there is an increase in the number of
serious felonies that arebeing committed. The department forms a task force to
assess the extent of the problem. Officers from thedetective bureau, the vice squad,
and the crime analysis division meet to discuss the problem and begininvestigating
these crimes.
After investigating the crimes for over a month, the task force is able to execute ten
arrest warrants.Eight of theoffenders are apprehended and arrested. Who is responsible
for formally charging the suspects with a specificcriminal act?
a. Bailiff
b. Defense attorney
c. Judge
d. Prosecutor
Most cases that go to trial result in a conviction.
a. True
b. False
Once asserted by a suspect, the Miranda Rights are absolute and cannot bewaived.
a. True
b. False
Under which of the following type of waiver does the prosecutor have the discretion of
filing separate charges for certain legislatively designated offenses in either juvenile or
criminal court?
a. Judicial waiver
b. Reverse waiver
c. Direct filec
d. Excluded offense
During an argument, Carl murders his wife. The act of murder is a violation of which
type of law?
a. Substantive criminal law
b. Procedural criminal law
c. Civil law
d. Public law
According to social learning theory, people become violent because they:
a. Model their behavior after others and have that behavior positively reinforced.
b. Are born with a predisposition toward violence because of their genetic makeup.
c. Suffer damage to their egos and superegos at an early age.
d. Have a mental disorder or illness.
Which type of law deals with the state of government agencies and controls their
administrative relationships with individuals, corporations, or other branches of
government?
a. Substantive criminal law
b. Procedural criminal law
c. Civil law
d. Public law
Which landmark U.S. Supreme Court case extended Miranda Warning protection to
juveniles?
a. Kent v. United States (1966)
b. Breed v. Jones (1975)
c. Fare v. Michael C (1979)
d. In re Gault (1967)
Which of the following is not a condition necessary for a legal arrest?
a. The officer believes that probable cause exists to show that a crime wascommitted.
b. The suspect consents to an interrogation.
c. The police officer deprives the individual of freedom.
d. The suspect believes that he is in the custody of the police and not free to leave.
A prosecutorial philosophy that emphasizes support and cooperation from various
agencies for preventing crime, as well as a less centralized and more proactive role for
local prosecutors is:
a. Municipal prosecution.
b. Community prosecution.
c. Unrestricted prosecution.
d. Private prosecution.
Police stopping motorists to issue citations and aggressively arresting suspicious
persons is anexample of what type of policing?
a. Proactive
b. Reactive
c. Neighborhood
d. Community
Under the general theory of crime, criminal acts are attractive because they provide
instant gratification for the offender.
a. True
b. False
Johnny is convicted of possession of a controlled substance and sentenced to probation.
Johnny’s case is assigned to Probation Officer Simmons. In assessing Johnny’s case,
Simmons first collects as much information about Johnny’s background and activities as
she can to help determine the terms of Johnny’s probation. This process is known as
what?
a. Diagnosis
b. Risk classification
c. Presentence investigation
d. Treatment supervision
Research shows that election considerations do shape judicial decision making.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is false regarding corruption?
a. Meat eaters aggressively misuse police power for personal gain by demanding bribes,
threatening legal action, or cooperating with criminals.
b. The Knapp Commission was a public body set up in the 1970s to investigate the New
York City police.
c. Grass eaters accept payoffs when their everyday duties place them in a position to be
solicited by the public.
d. In a general sense, police corruption involves misuse of authority by police officers
in a manner designed to produce gain for the law enforcement community and prestige
for the department.
Which justice perspective views crime as a community-level problem?
a. Rehabilitation
b. Restorative justice
c. Crime control
d. Equal justice
Under which of the following systems was prisoner employment controlled by the state
and goods manufactured by the prisoners sold to benefit the state?
a. Convict-lease
b. Public account
c. Contract
d. Auburn
When individuals provoke or encourage criminal behavior, this is referred to as:
a. Latent trait activation
b. Victim precipitation
c. Lifestyle theory
d. Cognitive abuse of the victim
According to United States v. Monsanto it is not unconstitutional for a court to seize a
defendant’s assets prior to trial, forcing him or her to rely on a public defender.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following explanations is no longer considered valid in explaining the
differencesin offending patterns between males and females?
a. Gender-based traits such as hormonal differences
b. Differences in socialization between males and females
c. Better verbal abilities in females that promote talking to diffuse conflict as opposed
to fighting
d. The use of sex by females to control and influence male behaviors.
CASE 14.3
A South Carolina inmate serving a twenty-five-year sentence for second-degree
murder was recently diagnosed as HIV-positive. He had argued for years that he
should be tested and believed the correctional facility did very little to
accommodate this request. Given this information, answer the following questions.
Following the above decision, the inmate’s lawyer cited the case of Hope v. Pelzer,
which ruled that:
a. Improper medical care constitutes cruel and unusual punishment.
b. Correctional officials who knowingly violate an inmate’s Eighth Amendment rights
can be held liable for damages.
c. Inmates who have their Eighth Amendment rights violated should be immediately
released or have their sentence reduced.
d. Prisoners should be given special privileges if they are diagnosed with or contract a
disease that is detrimental to the health of the prison population.
Which of the following cases ruled that the level of evidence for the finding of juvenile
delinquency is proof beyond a reasonable doubt?
a. In re Gault (1967)
b. In re Winship (1970)
c. Breed v. Jones (1975)
d. New Jersey v. Martin Township Correctional Facility (1977)
Civil law includes all of the following except:
a. Criminal.
b. Contract.
c. Commercial.
d. Tort.
The birthplace of the modern prison system and the Pennsylvania system of
confinement was at:
a. Pittsburgh City Jail.
b. Quaker Village Penitentiary.
c. Walnut Street Jail.
d. Philadelphia House.
The population of elderly inmates in the United States has decreased by 50% over the
past thirty years.
a. True
b. False