Which branch of government interprets existing laws and determines whether they meet
constitutionalrequirements?
a. Correctional
b. Executive
c. Judicial
d. Legislative
National data indicate that what percentage of probationers successfully complete their
probationary sentences?
a. 30
b. 53
c. 65
d. 75
CASE 2.1
Your local police department is concerned with this year’s most recent crime
statistics. The police chief meets with city officials and his higher-ranking police
personnel. They meet to discuss potential policies and procedures in order to
reduce the crime rates in their city.
The police chief believes that the department needs to focus on crimes like prostitution
anddrug abuse because the two are interconnected and he believes that both are linked
to moreserious crimes. Drug use and prostitution are examples of:
a. Economic crimes.
b. Property crimes.
c. Public order crimes.
d. Violent crimes.
An unwritten code of behavior, passed from older inmates to younger ones, that serves
as a guideline for appropriate inmate behavior is called:
a. Inmate social code.
b. Inmate subculture.
c. Prisonization.
d. Inmate cipher.
Which early legal charter was formulated because previously unwritten legal codes
gave arbitrary andunlimited power to the wealthy?
a. Code of Hammurabi
b. Mosaic Code
c. Roman Twelve Tables
d. U.S. Code
Which of the following is a view of the criminal justice system that focuses on crime as
an act against the community rather than against the state?
a. Restitution
b. Probation
c. Parole
d. Restorative justice
Johnny is arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol. As a result, he is convicted
and serves a short stint in jail. Johnny’s incarceration is an example of which of the
following concepts?
a. General deterrence
b. Specific deterrence
c. Situational prevention
d. Just desserts
Which act mandated that no defendants shall be kept in pretrial detention simply
because they cannot afford the monetary bail?
a. Bail Reform Act of 1984
b. The Federal Lautenberg Act of 1996
c. Pretrial Bond Act of 1988
d. Due Process Release Act of 1971
Police can conduct a search based on an anonymous tip, such as one that is givenvia
telephone.
a. True
b. False
Tactical and strategic intelligence are most closely associated with which model of
policing?
a. Community-oriented policing
b. Intelligence-led policing
c. Proactive policing
d. Problem-oriented policing
Which courtroom work group member experiences the ethical concern of having
obligations to his/her client andthe profession?
a. Defense attorney
b. Prosecutor
c. Bail bondsman
d. Judge
Most juveniles found “delinquent” in the early juvenile courts were sent to adult prison.
a. True
b. False
The report of the grand jury investigation, which usually includes a recommendation of
indictment, is called a:
a. True bill.
b. Presentment.
c. Precluding statement.
d. Exculpatory recommendation.
Criminal appeals represent about what percentage of the total number of cases
processed by the nation’s appellate courts?
a. 10%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
Which is the Latin term meaning “father of his country,” which is implied to mean that
the government is the true guardian of the needy and infirmed children?
a. Provisore cura
b. Pater inquilinis
c. Parens patriae
d. Phylaca claustra
An example of a strict liability crime is robbery.
a. True
b. False
Which is the term used to describe an effect that occurs when criminals move from an
areatargeted for increased police presence to another that is less well protected.
a. Replacement
b. Displacement
c. Routine activities
d. Differential association
In terms of becoming a victim of a violent crime, you are more at risk of being
assaulted bysomeone you know or are in a relationship than by a stranger.
a. True
b. False
Jail overcrowding has gotten worse in recent years.
a. True
b. False
Of the prison systems discussed in Chapter 13, which method eventually won out as the
model used in the United States?
a. Auburn
b. Pennsylvania
c. Philadelphia
d. Quaker
English prisons were once so overpopulated that abandoned ships were used as prisons.
a. True
b. False
The preliminary hearing provides advantages to the defendant not afforded under a
grand jury proceeding.
a. True
b. False
A prosecutor is ready to proceed with a simple drug possession case but decides not to
because the defendant agrees to go to into a rehabilitation program. What would be the
rationale for this dismissal?
a. Interests of justice
b. Pretrial diversion
c. Due process problem
d. Referral
Dangerous criminals are held in confinement to segregate them from society in order to
eliminate the risk of re-offending under which concept?
a. Specific deterrence
b. Incapacitation
c. Retribution and Just Desserts
d. General deterrence
CASE 12.3
Robert Land is arrested for driving under the influence following a celebration of
his brother’s election as mayor of a small town in South Carolina. Robert has no
prior arrests and is 24 years old. Given this information, answer the following
questions:
Given Mr. Land’s noncriminal past, the judge sentences Robert to nine months in jail
but gives him which type of sentence upon completion of a substance abuse program
and no further criminal activity?
a. Retroactive
b. Proactive
c. Suspended
d. Postconviction
According to official data, violent offenses are more common than property offenses.
a. True
b. False
The federal prison industries are more widely known as:
a. UNICEF.
b. UNICOR.
c. UFPIP.
d. NEXTOR.
CASE 15.2
Keith Reed, a 15-year-old white male with no prior arrests is brought in for
questioning for larceny of several hundred dollars worth of computer parts from a
warehouse in downtown Cincinnati. Using this information, walk Mr. Reed
through the juvenile court system.
If the decision was to leave the juvenile in the adult criminal courts; the decision of the
judge to place the offender in a correctional facility would be called:
a. Placement.
b. Commitment.
c. Charging.
d. Disposition.
The only professionals in the criminal justice system that should be concerned with
ethical behavior are policeofficers.
a. True
b. False
Presentence investigations are not allowed to include information on age or race, as
these demographics can create bias in sentencing.
a. True
b. False
How did police reformer August Vollmer contribute to police professionalism?
a. Instituting university training for young officers
b. Establishing the first formal police academy in the United States
c. Becoming the first president of the IACP
d. Creating the first SWAT team
CASE 10.3
A man is arrested for burglary in a rural community in southwestern Arizona.
Upon his arrest, three handguns, rope, duct tape, and handcuffs are found on his
possession. He has a prior arrest for sexual assault and served three years in
prison for the crime. Given this information, answer the following questions.
At his arraignment, the defendant is asked to plead to the charges. The defendant pleads
no contest or what is otherwise known as:
a. Nolo contendere.
b. Aucune declaration.
c. Ninguna declaracin.
d. Ninguna declaracin.
Female officers are less likely to use force than male officers.
a. True
b. False
Which view of crime contends that the definition of crime is subjective?
a. Conflict
b. Interactionist
c. Consensus
d. Constructionist
In some police departments, a senior officer may be demoted if someone under their
charge is convicted of corruption. This is an example of an _____________________
system.
An effect that occurs when criminals move from an area targeted for increased police
presenceto another that is less well protected is known as _____________.
The ____________________ investigates counterfeiting and other financial crimes.
Advocates of the______________________ perspective argue that the greatest concern
of the justice systemshould be providing fair and equitable treatment to those accused
of crime.
Explain how individual and group counseling, faith-based programs, and drug treatment
have helped rehabilitate some inmates.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Discuss the nonintervention perspective and the restorative justice perspective on
criminal justice.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Explain jail population trends in the United States. In your discussion, include the
current state of jail conditions and how male and female inmates are affected
differently.
Answer:Answers will vary.
New-generation jails offer both _____________ and __________________
supervision.
Rotating shifts, work overload, boredom, fear, and danger are examples of
_______________ stressors.
Under the Pennsylvania system, prison quarters that contained solitary or separate cells
were called ___________________.
Explain the two roles of the grand jury.
Answer:Answers will vary.
____________________ is the term commonly used to describe persistent repeat
offenderswho organize their lifestyle around criminality.
About 80% of the U.S. noncriminal population have their high school diploma, as
compared with only _________________ percent of the correctional population.
____________________ is defined as automated methods of recognizing a person
based onphysiological or behavioral characteristics.
What services does the FBI offer to local law enforcement agencies?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Explain the juvenile court process from start to end. Provide an example juvenile
offender and walk him or her through the system.
Answer:Answers will vary.
The word _____________ has its origins in the twelfth century, meaning a “breach of
faith with one’s feudal lord.”
How does the media-depicted version of policing differ from reality?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Discuss the conditions of probation. In your discussion include the process of
revocation.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Discuss the rationale and benefits of specialty courts and how such courts fit into the
larger structure of the state court system.
Answer:Answers will vary.