The American System of Criminal Justice 14th Edition

Sherry is a 40 year old old white female who frequently participates in prostitution to provide for her crack habit. She was raised in a single parent home and has been selling herself for the last 18 years. She has been arrested several times and has no hope to make

True / False 1. Politicians often try to be "tough on crime" without fully understanding the costs and consequences of such policies. a. True b. False ANSWER: TrueREFERENCES: Crime and Justice as Public Policy IssuesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.01.01 - 01.01 ANSWER: TrueREFERENCES: Crime and Justice as Public Policy IssuesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.01.01 - 01.01 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Crime and

54. In2010,membersofwhatrivalmotorcyclegangofHellsAngelswereconvictedforplanningviolentattacks against them? a. Pagans b. Outlaws c. MS-13 d. Bloods ANSWER: bREFERENCES: Types of CrimeLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.Cole.15.01.03 - 01.03 ANSWER: bREFERENCES: Types of CrimeLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.Cole.15.01.03 - 01.03 ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Types of Crime LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.Cole.15.01.03 - 01.03 55. According to a 2011 poll of Americans, crime did not appear among the top eleven problems cited by Americans when

56. Defense attorneys should never offer psychological support to their clients. a. True b. False ANSWER: FalseREFERENCES: The Defense Attorney: Image and RealityLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.10.06 - 10.06 ANSWER: FalseREFERENCES: The Defense Attorney: Image and RealityLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.10.06 - 10.06 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: The Defense Attorney: Image and Reality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.10.06 - 10.06 57. The largest group of

1. What is the most common method of selection for the job of county prosecutor? a. merit selection b. appointed c. elected d. volunteer ANSWER: cREFERENCES: The Prosecutorial SystemLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.10.01 - 10.01 ANSWER: cREFERENCES: The Prosecutorial SystemLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.10.01 - 10.01 ANSWER: c REFERENCES: The Prosecutorial System LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.10.01 - 10.01 2. Which of the following is NOT

56. Defendants must state they made their pleas voluntarily in order for them to be accepted by a judge. a. True b. False ANSWER: TrueREFERENCES: Plea BargainingLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.11.02 - 11.02 ANSWER: TrueREFERENCES: Plea BargainingLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.11.02 - 11.02 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Plea Bargaining LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.11.02 - 11.02 57. Some believe that plea bargaining is unethical because

1. The local view of the proper sentence, considering the offense and the defendant's prior record, is called the a. local legal culture b. going rate c. grouping d. local rate ANSWER: bREFERENCES: The Courtroom: How it FunctionsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.11.01 - 11.01 ANSWER: bREFERENCES: The Courtroom: How it FunctionsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.11.01 - 11.01 ANSWER: b REFERENCES: The Courtroom:

1. The pursuit of justice through punishment imposed on a person as "pay back" for harming society by violating criminal laws is called a. Incapacitation b. special deterrence c. Rehabilitation d. Retribution ANSWER: dREFERENCES: The Goals of PunishmentLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.12.01 - 12.01 ANSWER: dREFERENCES: The Goals of PunishmentLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.12.01 - 12.01 ANSWER: d REFERENCES: The Goals of Punishment LEARNING

1. The period of history when philosophers and reformers challenged the prison tradition with new ideas about the individual, limits of government, and rationalism was called the a. Enlightenment b. Renaissance c. Civil War d. Reconstruction ANSWER: aREFERENCES: Development of CorrectionsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.13.01 - 13.01 ANSWER: aREFERENCES: Development of CorrectionsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.13.01 - 13.01 ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Development of

55. Fines must be used in conjunction with some other form of punishment because merely paying a fine is not considered a punishment under the Constitution. a. True b. False ANSWER: FalseREFERENCES: Intermediate Sanctions in the CommunityLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.14.03 - 14.03 ANSWER: FalseREFERENCES: Intermediate Sanctions in the CommunityLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.14.03 - 14.03 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Intermediate Sanctions

1. Which of the following is TRUE regarding community corrections? a. offenders assigned to community corrections have committed offenses that are not serious b. community supervision is more expensive than incarceration c. the rates of recidivism for those under community supervision are higher than those who go to prison d. community supervision is more

57. Few prisons have well-developed mental health treatment programs. a. True b. False ANSWER: TrueREFERENCES: Prison ProgramsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.15.07 - 15.07 ANSWER: TrueREFERENCES: Prison ProgramsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.15.07 - 15.07 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Prison Programs LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.15.07 - 15.07 58. Most inmates serve their terms in isolation cells. a. True b. False ANSWER: FalseREFERENCES: The Convict WorldLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.15.05 - 15.05 ANSWER:

1. Which of the following is TRUE concerning the history of American correctional institutions? a. correctional institutions in the United States have remained constant over time from place to place b. fictional depictions of prisons have been relatively accurate c. counselors and teachers have always been a major part of prison life d. it

1. Which of the following facilities allows inmates to spend a portion of the day at work but reside in a nonsecure facility outside of prison? a. supermax b. halfway house c. ticket of leave d. furlough ANSWER: bREFERENCES: Parole Supervision in the CommunityLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.16.03 - 16.03 ANSWER: bREFERENCES: Parole Supervision in the CommunityLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.16.03

53. Delinquent children often have committed offenses that would be classified as criminal if they were adults. a. True b. False ANSWER: TrueREFERENCES: The Juvenile Justice SystemLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.17.03 - 17.03 ANSWER: TrueREFERENCES: The Juvenile Justice SystemLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.17.03 - 17.03 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: The Juvenile Justice System LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.17.03 - 17.03 54. Juveniles and adults have

1. According to a Justice Department survey, what is the most serious problem facing teenagers today? a. Alcohol b. poor quality of nutrition c. Drugs d. Crime ANSWER: dREFERENCES: Youth Crime in the United StatesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.17.01 - 17.01 ANSWER: dREFERENCES: Youth Crime in the United StatesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.17.01 - 17.01 ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Youth Crime in the

True / False 1. Personal lifestyles do not influence exposure to victimization. a. True b. False ANSWER: FalseREFERENCES: Crime VictimizationLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.02.01 - 02.01 ANSWER: FalseREFERENCES: Crime VictimizationLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.02.01 - 02.01 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Crime Victimization LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.02.01 - 02.01 2. The tangible costs of crime are large. a. True b. False ANSWER: TrueREFERENCES: Crime VictimizationLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.02.02 - 02.02 ANSWER:

53. Women's share of arrests is highest for which type of crime? a. robbery b. rape c. murder d. larceny-theft ANSWER: dREFERENCES: Causes of CrimeLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.02.05 - 02.05 ANSWER: dREFERENCES: Causes of CrimeLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.02.05 - 02.05 ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Causes of Crime LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.02.05 - 02.05 54. Individual Americans influence criminal justice policy through their involvement in

55. Relatively few offenders break federal criminal laws compared to the large numbers who break state criminal laws. a. True b. False ANSWER: TrueREFERENCES: Criminal Justice in a Federal SystemLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.03.02 - 03.02 ANSWER: TrueREFERENCES: Criminal Justice in a Federal SystemLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.03.02 - 03.02 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Criminal Justice in a Federal System LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

1. According to Cole and Smith, which of the following is NOT a goal of the criminal justice system? a. doing justice b. controlling crime c. preventing crime d. increasing crime ANSWER: dREFERENCES: The Goals of Criminal JusticeLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.03.01 - 03.01 ANSWER: dREFERENCES: The Goals of Criminal JusticeLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.03.01 - 03.01 ANSWER: d REFERENCES: The Goals

1. The processes followed by police, prosecutors, and judges as well as the rights possessed by suspects and defendants are defined by a. procedural criminal law b. substantive criminal law c. constitutional criminal law d. fundamental criminal law ANSWER: aREFERENCES: Foundations of Criminal LawLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.04.03 - 04.03 ANSWER: aREFERENCES: Foundations of Criminal LawLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.04.03 -

1. In England, when groups of families agreed to uphold the law, keep order, and bring violators to a court, this was called the a. bobbies b. frankpledge c. commissioners d. service ANSWER: bREFERENCES: The Development of Police in the United StatesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.05.01 - 05.01 ANSWER: bREFERENCES: The Development of Police in the United StatesLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

53. Police rarely perceive the public as hostile. a. True b. False ANSWER: FalseREFERENCES: The Police SubcultureLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.06.02 - 06.02 ANSWER: FalseREFERENCES: The Police SubcultureLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.06.02 - 06.02 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: The Police Subculture LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.06.02 - 06.02 54. An occupational environment affects the way a person interprets reality. a. True b. False ANSWER: TrueREFERENCES: The Police SubcultureLEARNING

1. Which of the following is not a characteristic that applies to a law enforcement officer? a. training is required b. pay scales are high c. physical fitness standards must be met d. recruits must lack a criminal record ANSWER: bREFERENCES: Who Are the Police?LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.06.01 - 06.01 ANSWER: bREFERENCES: Who Are the Police?LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

1. According to your text, which of the following statements best reflects current use of new technology in policing? a. it is never a problem b. police departments stand to gain very little from the use of new technology c. new technology may raise issues regarding constitutional rights d. police rarely use new technology ANSWER:

56. Polygraph tests are admissible in a court of law. a. True b. False ANSWER: FalseREFERENCES: Policing and New TechnologyLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.07.01 - 07.01 ANSWER: FalseREFERENCES: Policing and New TechnologyLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.07.01 - 07.01 ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Policing and New Technology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.07.01 - 07.01 57. All 50 states are members of MATRIX, the Multistate Anti-Terrorism Information

55. Police officers need to obtain a warrant before searching the trunk of a car. a. True b. False ANSWER: TrueREFERENCES: Legal Limitation on Police InvestigationsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.08.01 - 08.01 ANSWER: TrueREFERENCES: Legal Limitation on Police InvestigationsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.08.01 - 08.01 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Legal Limitation on Police Investigations LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.08.01 - 08.01 56. If a person

1. A brief interference with a person's freedom of movement with a duration that can be measured in minutes is called a(n) a. search b. stop c. arrest d. interrogation ANSWER: bREFERENCES: Legal Limitation on Police InvestigationsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.08.01 - 08.01 ANSWER: bREFERENCES: Legal Limitation on Police InvestigationsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.08.01 - 08.01 ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Legal Limitation on Police

1. U.S. district courts exist a. in only the ten largest states b. to handle all criminal cases that arise in the country c. share appellate responsibilities with state supreme courts d. to handle trial-level federal cases ANSWER: dREFERENCES: The Structure of American CourtsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.09.01 - 09.01 ANSWER: dREFERENCES: The Structure of American CourtsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

52. State courts have huge caseloads. a. True b. False ANSWER: TrueREFERENCES: Effective Management of the State CourtsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.09.02 - 09.02 ANSWER: TrueREFERENCES: Effective Management of the State CourtsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.09.02 - 09.02 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Effective Management of the State Courts LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.09.02 - 09.02 53. All courts in the United States use a basic

Officer Castro notices a car in front of him driving at a slow rate of speed. The driver seems to be driving erratically. Officeer Castro activates his blue lights and attempts to pull the car over. The driver continues to drive for approximately two additional miles before pulling over. When

Which of the following is a mechanism used to control the police? a. internal affairs investigators b. civilian review boards c. standards and accreditation d. civil liability lawsuits Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d According to your text, research conducted on large police departments found that a key factor in solving crimes was a. identification of the perpetrator by

Which of the following are the three levels of state courts? a. appellate, district, limited jurisdictional b. appellate, general jurisdiction, limited jurisdiction c. limited jurisdiction, commercial, appellate d. general jurisdiction, limited jurisdiction, district Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b The amount of _____ is based mainly on the judge's view of the seriousness of the crime and

When compared to the United States, Icelandic crime rates are a. extremely low b. Low c. Similar d. High Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a Prosecutors are considered to have the central role in the justice process because a. they issue verdicts that determine defendants' guilt b. they have exchange relations with many other actors c. they issue indictments to

The political policing era relied heavily on patronage. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True A witness observes a man stabbed an innocent bystander. What type of evidence would the witness offer? a. circumstantial b. direct c. real d. demonstrative Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b According to John DiIulio, what three elements are characteristic of the quality of

Which police unit identifies, apprehends, and collects evidence against lawbreakers? a. traffic b. investigation c. media relations d. administrative Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b Mike was sitting in his home watching a late night baseball game when he heard what sounded like someone trying to break into his home. He immediately went to his closet and

States can use probation for more serious offenses such as robbery or assault. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True Laws and rules made by federal, state, and local agencies are called a. case law b. precedent c. administrative regulations d. common law Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c Which of the following best describes the relationship of police

When we say that crime in American is "intraracial," we mean: a. victims and offenders tend to be in different racial groups b. victims and offenders tend to be in the same racial group c. race does not play a part in who is the victim and who is the offender d. racial differences

The purpose of drug courts is to divert substance abusers away from incarceration. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True Public defenders often have trouble gaining the trust and cooperation of their clients because their clients know that they are paid by the state. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True Officer Castro notices a

People on probation have no constitutional rights. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False Probation is defined as a. home confinement b. electronic monitoring c. a short jail sentence d. supervised release under specified conditions Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d Officer Goldman responded to a call of an active shooter during a home invasion at a local residence.

Consider the information presented in the chart below. How are African American youth most likely to be overrepresented in the juvenile justice system? a. juvenile arrests for violent crime index offenses b. juveniles in residential placement c. cases judicially waived to criminal court d. delinquency cases resulting in residential placement Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c The

Which of the following is more closely linked to exposure to crime? a. having a higher income b. living in a rural area c. living in a suburban area d. living in a city Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d The Supreme Court created the exclusionary rule in the case of a. Mapp v. Ohio (1961) b. Miranda v. Arizona

James is a vice president of a local banking organization. He and his wife have been in danger of foreclosure on their home after his wife lost her job last year. James recently found out that he can transfer a small percentage of his client's earnings into his own account

The standard of proof for juveniles to become classified as delinquents is "beyond a reasonable doubt." a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True The Supreme Court has clearly defined the term "ineffective counsel." a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False Alex was recently found guilty of first degree murder. Based upon state law, the judge

Dylan will be teaching an in-service for a group of officers tomorrow to review the use of force continuum. A nearby department recently had an officer fire upon an unarmed suspect, which left the community enraged. Dylan plans to pay particular attention to those methods that are considered less lethal

_______ is the trial stage of the juvenile justice process. a. Waiver b. Transfer c. Disposition d. Adjudication Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d The authority to make decisions without reference to specific rules or facts, using instead one's own judgment is referred to as a. exchange b. due process c. system d. discretion Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d Alan has always wanted

Javier was recently tried and convicted of trafficking cocaine across state lines. He was sentenced to a mandatory 10 year prison sentence. Javier is a citizen of Mexico; however, he has been living in the US for the last several years with his wife and two young children. Javier is

All countries of the world have the same definitions of rape as a crime. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False Personal lifestyles do not influence exposure to victimization. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False The tangible costs of crime are large. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer:

Jails are operated locally by elected officials. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True Police officers can conduct a warrant search without probable cause. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False In Santobello v. New York (1971), the United States Supreme Court ruled that a. when a guilty plea rests on a promise of a

Which of the following is not a major effect on law enforcement through police corruption? a. suspects are left free to engage in further crime b. morale is damaged and supervision becomes lax c. the image of police suffers d. better chances of promotion Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d Serious crimes usually carrying a penalty of

American laws reflect the desire to prevent unnecessary deprivations of liberty. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True What is one explanation for high recidivism rate among those offenders released from incarceration? a. their increased age makes them more likely to commit crimes b. their low intelligence makes them more likely to commit crimes c.

Which of the following is TRUE about probation? a. probation is only used in combination with fines b. probation is only used in combination with restitution c. probation is only used in combination with community d. probation is used in combination with fines, restitution, and community service Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d The United States Supreme

The central idea of the community corrections approach is the a. most alternative restriction b. least alternative restriction c. average alternative restriction d. 'supermax" alternative restriction Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b The punitive period in juvenile justice was called the juvenile rights period a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True Micah was approached by a fellow officer concerning

In Blackledge v. Allison (1976), Justice Potter Stewart argued that plea bargaining a. benefits only the defendant b. benefits only the prosecutor c. benefits only the judge d. benefits all concerned in a criminal case Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d Jeff frequently visits the local bar on his way home from his second shift factory job.

An application to a court requesting that an order be issued to bring about a specified action is called a(n) a. dismissal b. rejection at screening c. guilty plea d. motion Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d The rise of private agencies is not related to the increase in crime. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False Most felony

Which of the following is an example of a proactive strategy to combat crime? a. responding to citizen calls for service b. Using a stakeout in victimless crimes c. responding to citizens who approach an officer d. responding to a crime after the perpetrator has fled Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b Police components that directly perform

The political era of policing was characterized by a. civil service selection of officers b. the introduction of automobile patrol and two-way radios c. hiring of officers through connections to elected officials d. urban riots Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c According to the lifestyle exposure model, who is most likely to be victimized because of where

The United States. Supreme Court ruled that police must use "objective reasonableness" in judging whether to use deadly force in the case of a. Whren v. U.S. (1996) b. Maryland v. Wilson (1997) c. Tennessee v. Garner (1985) d. Graham v. Connor (1989) Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d Ly'ana is an FBI agent who has recently been

Before the 1970s, police departments treated domestic violence as a serious criminal matter. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False The nature of police work can make officers very suspicious of citizens whom they encounter. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True A problem for probation officers is their heavy caseload. a. True b. False Answer:

Adrian has worked for two different municipal police department in the course of his career due to career move his wife made, which forced Adrian to move to a new state. Adrian worked for the first department for 10 years. He enjoyed his position very much. He felt very comfortable with

The Supreme Court created the inevitable discovery exception to the exclusionary rule in the case of a. Nix v. Williams (1980) b. West Coast Hotel v. Parrish (1935) c. Weeks v. U.S. (1914) d. Brown v. Mississippi (1936) Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a Most states use lethal injection as the preferred method of execution. a. True b. False

Eric has just been sentenced to a short term to be served within the community. He knows his crime was a mistake and considers this experience to be the first and last time he is involved with the criminal justice system. He plans to do everything that he is required to

Eli is a public defender who is representing his client in a first degree murder case. A plea arrangement could not be arranged, so the case is going to trial. In a matter of weeks, Eli will be forced to help seat a jury. He is hoping to have a

Chan Le is a probation officer who is employed through the state he resides within. Chan Le has an extremely large caseload and oftentimes gets overwhelmed by the requirements of his job. In the middle of the night, Chan Le is called out to respond to one of his new

At a combined probation revocation and sentencing hearing, the probationer is a. not permitted to attend b. being tried on new criminal charges c. subject to a "three strikes" life sentence d. entitled to be represented by counsel Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d A ______ child either has no parent or guardian or is receiving inadequate

Increasing restrictions on parolees also affect their families and communities. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True Even today, research indicates than women may be more subject to sexual harassment as police officers than their male counterparts. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True According to public opinion polls, which function is most important in