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Sherry is a 40 year old old white female who frequently participates in prostitution to provide for her crack habit. She was raised in a single parent home and has been selling herself for the last 18 years. She has […]

True / False 1. Politicians often try to be “tough on crime” without fully understanding the costs and consequences of such policies. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Crime and Justice as Public Policy Issues LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.01.01 – […]

54. In2010,membersofwhatrivalmotorcyclegangofHell’sAngelswereconvictedforplanningviolentattacks against them? a. Pagans b. Outlaws c. MS-13 d. Bloods ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Types of Crime LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.Cole.15.01.03 – 01.03 55. According to a 2011 poll of Americans, crime did not appear among the top eleven problems […]

56. Defense attorneys should never offer psychological support to their clients. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: The Defense Attorney: Image and Reality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.10.06 – 10.06 57. The largest group of attorneys in full-time criminal practice makes […]

1. What is the most common method of selection for the job of county prosecutor? a. merit selection b. appointed c. elected d. volunteer ANSWER: c REFERENCES: The Prosecutorial System LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.10.01 – 10.01 2. Which of the following […]

56. Defendants must state they made their pleas voluntarily in order for them to be accepted by a judge. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Plea Bargaining LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.11.02 – 11.02 57. Some believe that plea bargaining is […]

1. The local view of the proper sentence, considering the offense and the defendant’s prior record, is called the a. local legal culture b. going rate c. grouping d. local rate ANSWER: b REFERENCES: The Courtroom: How it Functions LEARNING […]

1. The pursuit of justice through punishment imposed on a person as “pay back” for harming society by violating criminal laws is called a. Incapacitation b. special deterrence c. Rehabilitation d. Retribution ANSWER: d REFERENCES: The Goals of Punishment LEARNING […]

1. The period of history when philosophers and reformers challenged the prison tradition with new ideas about the individual, limits of government, and rationalism was called the a. Enlightenment b. Renaissance c. Civil War d. Reconstruction ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Development […]

55. Fines must be used in conjunction with some other form of punishment because merely paying a fine is not considered a punishment under the Constitution. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Intermediate Sanctions in the Community LEARNING OBJECTIVES: […]

1. Which of the following is TRUE regarding community corrections? a. offenders assigned to community corrections have committed offenses that are not serious b. community supervision is more expensive than incarceration c. the rates of recidivism for those under community […]

57. Few prisons have well-developed mental health treatment programs. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Prison Programs LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.15.07 – 15.07 58. Most inmates serve their terms in isolation cells. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: The […]

1. Which of the following is TRUE concerning the history of American correctional institutions? a. correctional institutions in the United States have remained constant over time from place to place b. fictional depictions of prisons have been relatively accurate c. […]

1. Which of the following facilities allows inmates to spend a portion of the day at work but reside in a nonsecure facility outside of prison? a. supermax b. halfway house c. ticket of leave d. furlough ANSWER: b REFERENCES: […]

53. Delinquent children often have committed offenses that would be classified as criminal if they were adults. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: The Juvenile Justice System LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.17.03 – 17.03 54. Juveniles and adults have identical kinds […]

1. According to a Justice Department survey, what is the most serious problem facing teenagers today? a. Alcohol b. poor quality of nutrition c. Drugs d. Crime ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Youth Crime in the United States LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.17.01 – […]

True / False 1. Personal lifestyles do not influence exposure to victimization. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Crime Victimization LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.02.01 – 02.01 2. The tangible costs of crime are large. a. True b. False ANSWER: True […]

53. Women’s share of arrests is highest for which type of crime? a. robbery b. rape c. murder d. larceny-theft ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Causes of Crime LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.02.05 – 02.05 54. Individual Americans influence criminal justice policy through their […]

55. Relatively few offenders break federal criminal laws compared to the large numbers who break state criminal laws. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Criminal Justice in a Federal System LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.03.02 – 03.02 56. Criminal justice in […]

1. According to Cole and Smith, which of the following is NOT a goal of the criminal justice system? a. doing justice b. controlling crime c. preventing crime d. increasing crime ANSWER: d REFERENCES: The Goals of Criminal Justice LEARNING […]

1. The processes followed by police, prosecutors, and judges as well as the rights possessed by suspects and defendants are defined by a. procedural criminal law b. substantive criminal law c. constitutional criminal law d. fundamental criminal law ANSWER: a […]

1. In England, when groups of families agreed to uphold the law, keep order, and bring violators to a court, this was called the a. bobbies b. frankpledge c. commissioners d. service ANSWER: b REFERENCES: The Development of Police in […]

53. Police rarely perceive the public as hostile. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: The Police Subculture LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.06.02 – 06.02 54. An occupational environment affects the way a person interprets reality. a. True b. False ANSWER: True […]

1. Which of the following is not a characteristic that applies to a law enforcement officer? a. training is required b. pay scales are high c. physical fitness standards must be met d. recruits must lack a criminal record ANSWER: […]

1. According to your text, which of the following statements best reflects current use of new technology in policing? a. it is never a problem b. police departments stand to gain very little from the use of new technology c. […]

56. Polygraph tests are admissible in a court of law. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Policing and New Technology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.07.01 – 07.01 57. All 50 states are members of MATRIX, the Multistate Anti-Terrorism Information Exchange. a. […]

55. Police officers need to obtain a warrant before searching the trunk of a car. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Legal Limitation on Police Investigations LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.08.01 – 08.01 56. If a person is growing marijuana in […]

1. A brief interference with a person’s freedom of movement with a duration that can be measured in minutes is called a(n) a. search b. stop c. arrest d. interrogation ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Legal Limitation on Police Investigations LEARNING OBJECTIVES: […]

1. U.S. district courts exist a. in only the ten largest states b. to handle all criminal cases that arise in the country c. share appellate responsibilities with state supreme courts d. to handle trial-level federal cases ANSWER: d REFERENCES: […]

52. State courts have huge caseloads. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Effective Management of the State Courts LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASCJ.COLE.15.09.02 – 09.02 53. All courts in the United States use a basic three-tiered structure. a. True b. False […]

Officer Castro notices a car in front of him driving at a slow rate of speed. The driver seems to be driving erratically. Officeer Castro activates his blue lights and attempts to pull the car over. The driver continues to […]

Which of the following is a mechanism used to control the police? a. internal affairs investigators b. civilian review boards c. standards and accreditation d. civil liability lawsuits According to your text, research conducted on large police departments found that […]

Which of the following are the three levels of state courts? a. appellate, district, limited jurisdictional b. appellate, general jurisdiction, limited jurisdiction c. limited jurisdiction, commercial, appellate d. general jurisdiction, limited jurisdiction, district The amount of _____ is based mainly […]

When compared to the United States, Icelandic crime rates are a. extremely low b. Low c. Similar d. High Prosecutors are considered to have the central role in the justice process because a. they issue verdicts that determine defendants’ guilt […]

The political policing era relied heavily on patronage. a. True b. False A witness observes a man stabbed an innocent bystander. What type of evidence would the witness offer? a. circumstantial b. direct c. real d. demonstrative Answer: b According […]

Which police unit identifies, apprehends, and collects evidence against lawbreakers? a. traffic b. investigation c. media relations d. administrative Mike was sitting in his home watching a late night baseball game when he heard what sounded like someone trying to […]

States can use probation for more serious offenses such as robbery or assault. a. True b. False Laws and rules made by federal, state, and local agencies are called a. case law b. precedent c. administrative regulations d. common law […]

When we say that crime in American is “intraracial,” we mean: a. victims and offenders tend to be in different racial groups b. victims and offenders tend to be in the same racial group c. race does not play a […]

The purpose of drug courts is to divert substance abusers away from incarceration. a. True b. False Public defenders often have trouble gaining the trust and cooperation of their clients because their clients know that they are paid by the […]

People on probation have no constitutional rights. a. True b. False Probation is defined as a. home confinement b. electronic monitoring c. a short jail sentence d. supervised release under specified conditions Answer: d Officer Goldman responded to a call […]

Consider the information presented in the chart below. How are African American youth most likely to be overrepresented in the juvenile justice system? a. juvenile arrests for violent crime index offenses b. juveniles in residential placement c. cases judicially waived […]

Which of the following is more closely linked to exposure to crime? a. having a higher income b. living in a rural area c. living in a suburban area d. living in a city The Supreme Court created the exclusionary […]

James is a vice president of a local banking organization. He and his wife have been in danger of foreclosure on their home after his wife lost her job last year. James recently found out that he can transfer a […]

The standard of proof for juveniles to become classified as delinquents is “beyond a reasonable doubt.” a. True b. False The Supreme Court has clearly defined the term “ineffective counsel.” a. True b. False Answer: False Alex was recently found […]

Dylan will be teaching an in-service for a group of officers tomorrow to review the use of force continuum. A nearby department recently had an officer fire upon an unarmed suspect, which left the community enraged. Dylan plans to pay […]

_______ is the trial stage of the juvenile justice process. a. Waiver b. Transfer c. Disposition d. Adjudication The authority to make decisions without reference to specific rules or facts, using instead one’s own judgment is referred to as a. […]

Javier was recently tried and convicted of trafficking cocaine across state lines. He was sentenced to a mandatory 10 year prison sentence. Javier is a citizen of Mexico; however, he has been living in the US for the last several […]

All countries of the world have the same definitions of rape as a crime. a. True b. False Personal lifestyles do not influence exposure to victimization. a. True b. False Answer: False The tangible costs of crime are large. a. […]

Jails are operated locally by elected officials. a. True b. False Police officers can conduct a warrant search without probable cause. a. True b. False Answer: False In Santobello v. New York (1971), the United States Supreme Court ruled that […]

Which of the following is not a major effect on law enforcement through police corruption? a. suspects are left free to engage in further crime b. morale is damaged and supervision becomes lax c. the image of police suffers d. […]

American laws reflect the desire to prevent unnecessary deprivations of liberty. a. True b. False What is one explanation for high recidivism rate among those offenders released from incarceration? a. their increased age makes them more likely to commit crimes […]

Which of the following is TRUE about probation? a. probation is only used in combination with fines b. probation is only used in combination with restitution c. probation is only used in combination with community d. probation is used in […]

The central idea of the community corrections approach is the a. most alternative restriction b. least alternative restriction c. average alternative restriction d. ‘supermax” alternative restriction The punitive period in juvenile justice was called the juvenile rights period a. True […]

In Blackledge v. Allison (1976), Justice Potter Stewart argued that plea bargaining a. benefits only the defendant b. benefits only the prosecutor c. benefits only the judge d. benefits all concerned in a criminal case Jeff frequently visits the local […]

An application to a court requesting that an order be issued to bring about a specified action is called a(n) a. dismissal b. rejection at screening c. guilty plea d. motion The rise of private agencies is not related to […]

Which of the following is an example of a proactive strategy to combat crime? a. responding to citizen calls for service b. Using a stakeout in victimless crimes c. responding to citizens who approach an officer d. responding to a […]

The political era of policing was characterized by a. civil service selection of officers b. the introduction of automobile patrol and two-way radios c. hiring of officers through connections to elected officials d. urban riots According to the lifestyle exposure […]

The United States. Supreme Court ruled that police must use “objective reasonableness” in judging whether to use deadly force in the case of a. Whren v. U.S. (1996) b. Maryland v. Wilson (1997) c. Tennessee v. Garner (1985) d. Graham […]

Before the 1970s, police departments treated domestic violence as a serious criminal matter. a. True b. False The nature of police work can make officers very suspicious of citizens whom they encounter. a. True b. False Answer: True A problem […]

Adrian has worked for two different municipal police department in the course of his career due to career move his wife made, which forced Adrian to move to a new state. Adrian worked for the first department for 10 years. […]

The Supreme Court created the inevitable discovery exception to the exclusionary rule in the case of a. Nix v. Williams (1980) b. West Coast Hotel v. Parrish (1935) c. Weeks v. U.S. (1914) d. Brown v. Mississippi (1936) Most states […]

Eric has just been sentenced to a short term to be served within the community. He knows his crime was a mistake and considers this experience to be the first and last time he is involved with the criminal justice […]

Eli is a public defender who is representing his client in a first degree murder case. A plea arrangement could not be arranged, so the case is going to trial. In a matter of weeks, Eli will be forced to […]

Chan Le is a probation officer who is employed through the state he resides within. Chan Le has an extremely large caseload and oftentimes gets overwhelmed by the requirements of his job. In the middle of the night, Chan Le […]

At a combined probation revocation and sentencing hearing, the probationer is a. not permitted to attend b. being tried on new criminal charges c. subject to a “three strikes” life sentence d. entitled to be represented by counsel A ______ […]

Increasing restrictions on parolees also affect their families and communities. a. True b. False Even today, research indicates than women may be more subject to sexual harassment as police officers than their male counterparts. a. True b. False Answer: True […]