Unlock document.
This document is partially blurred.
Unlock all pages and 1 million more documents.
Get Access
1. Which of the following is TRUE concerning the history of American correctional institutions?
a. correctional institutions in the United States have remained constant over time from place to place
b. fictional depictions of prisons have been relatively accurate
c. counselors and teachers have always been a major part of prison life
d. it was common in the South for prisoners to work outside as farm laborers
2. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the change in the prison population during the last thirty years?
a. there has been a decrease in the number of African-Americans
b. there has been a decrease in the number of Hispanics
c. there has been no change in the number of Hispanics
d. there has been an increase in the number of both African-Americans and Hispanics
3. Which of the following is a problem faced by the modern prison system in America?
a. Overcrowding
b. legal issues
c. racial conflicts
d. all of the above are problems in the American prison system
4. In the past two decades the number of persons in prison has
a. stayed the same
b. greatly increased
c. greatly decreased
d. all of the above have occurred
5. The model of corrections that emphasizes maintaining the offenders' ties to the family and community as a method
of reform is called the
a. custodial model
b. rehabilitation model
c. reintegration model
d. family model
6. The three lines of staff in a prison are
a. custody, work, and treatment
b. custody, work, and safety
c. custody, treatment, and safety
d. treatment, safety, and rewards
7. Which Western nation has the most prisoners serving long-term sentences?
a. Canada
b. United States
c. Germany
d. France
8. Which of the following is FALSE concerning prison managers?
a. they cannot select their own clients
b. they do not control the release of their clients
c. they rely on clients to do most of the work
d. they are not dependent on maintenance of satisfactory relationships between clients and staff
9. Which of the following prison staff are the most numerous?
a. Wardens
b. custodial employees
c. Investigators
d. Counselors
10. According to John DiIulio, what three elements are characteristic of the quality of prisoners' lives in a good prison?
a. discipline, punishment, silence
b. fun, peace, entertainment
c. order, amenities, services
d. entertainment, democracy, free movement
11. Which of the following is true concerning the authority of prison officials?
a. the authority of prison officials is unlimited
b. the authority of prison officials is limited
c. prison officials have no authority
d. the authority of prison officials is limited in state prisons, but unlimited in federal prisons
12. Which of the following factors distinguishes the governing of prisons from the administration of other public
institutions?
a. the defects of power of authority figures
b. unlimited rewards used by authorities
c. independence of correctional officers and inmates
d. weak inmate leadership
13. The factors of total power, rewards and punishments, exchange relationships, and inmate leadership
a. exist in only a few prisons
b. exist only in state prisons
c. exist only in federal prisons
d. make prisons more difficult to govern than other institutions
14. Which of the following could legally be withheld or granted as rewards to prisoners?
a. Food
b. medical care
c. Water
d. "good time" credits
15. What strategy do corrections officers employ to gain voluntary cooperation from prisoners?
a. brute force
b. withholding food
c. flexible enforcement of rules
d. rigid enforcement of rules
16. Which of the following is TRUE concerning inmate leadership?
a. officials were more successful at using inmate leaders to maintain order in the traditional prison of the big
house era
b. officials are more successful today in using inmate leaders to maintain order than in the past
c. officials have easily manipulated inmate leaders to maintain order in the big house era as well as the modern
era of today
d. officials never seek to gain cooperation from inmate leaders
17. Often a primary motivation for becoming a corrections officer is
a. enjoying the work with prisoners
b. enjoying to help in the rehabilitation process
c. enjoying the use violence on the job
d. wanting a secure civil service job
18. The Bureau of Justice Statistics found that most prisoners are
a. young minority males with less than a high school education
b. older minority males with a high school education
c. young minority females with less than a high school education
d. older white males from organized crime groups
19. Which of the following is true concerning the rate of AIDS in the prison and the general United States population?
a. It is significantly higher in the general population than in prison
b. It is slightly higher in the general population than in prison
c. It is significantly higher in prison than in the general population
d. It is slightly higher in prison than in the general population
20. The set of rules and values that developed within the prison social system and guide prisoners' behavior is called...
a. Jailing
b. the inmate code
c. Gleaning
d. Machismo
21. Prisoners who view their prison term as a brief, inevitable break in their criminal careers and simply a cost of doing
business are
a. Gleaning
b. Jailing
c. living by the inmate code
d. doing time
22. Inmates with low intelligence who are afflicted with psychological or physical disabilities are referred to as
a. challenged inmates
b. bottom feeders
c. Gleaners
d. Jailers
23. In years past, the standard currency in the prison economy is
a. Money
b. Soap
c. peanut butter
d. Cigarettes
24. Prisoner administrators are wary of the prison economy because
a. inmate transactions hurt business at the prison store
b. the prices charged for goods might not be fair
c. prisoners steal items from the prison and may fight in disputes about transactions
d. some prisoners are not allowed to participate
25. Which of the following is true concerning the differences between men's and women's prisons?
a. women have a more developed hidden economy
b. women inmates face more violence and physical confrontations
c. women inmates are more committed to the inmate code
d. women's prisons are smaller
26. The size of women's prisons and the number of women prisoners have contributed to
a. a lack of resources devoted to programs and rehabilitation
b. a culture dominated by gangs
c. an steady increase in prison violence
d. the creation of "wall-less" prisons
27. Which of the following is true concerning prison programs?
a. they are readily available to prisoners
b. legislators today are financially supportive of prisoner programs
c. more programs tend to increase hostilities in prison
d. classification of prisoners and assignment to various programs often are based on the needs of administrators
28. The most popular type of prison program is
a. Treatment
b. Vocational
c. Educational
d. Industrial
29. Which of the following is true about prison managers?
a. prison managers have complete control over when their clients will be released
b. prison managers rely on clients to do much of the institutional maintenance work
c. prison managers select their clients
d. prison managers are given incentive pay for successful inmate completion
30. In regard to gender, the large majority of prisoners are ____________________.
31. Those who break the inmate code are labeled ____________________.
32. Prisoners who are ____________________ view their prison term as a brief, inevitable break in their criminal
careers.
33. Inmates who are ____________________ try to take advantage of prison programs.
34. Behavior that can cause trouble and conflict with staff and other prisoners is called the ____________________.
35. The process of assigning an inmate to a category specifying their needs for security, education, and treatment is
called ____________________.
36. Most inmates participate in an ____________ program.
37. ____________________ programs seek to treat the personal defects that created the inmate's criminality.
38. During the 1960s and early 1970s, the ____________________ model was dominant.
39. The ____________________ model of incarceration emphasizes security, order, and discipline.
40. The ____________________ employees are the most numerous in prisons.
41. Most of the public believe that prisons are run in a(n) ____________________ manner.
42. In today's prison system, the ____________________ has the closest contact with prisoners.
43. ____________________ is the concept of male honor and the sacredness of one's reputation as a man.
44. Contemporary prisoners are more likely to come from urban areas and to have been convicted of drug offenses
than prisoners in the past.
a. True
b. False
45. In the traditional prison of the big house era, rehabilitation was the primary goal.
a. True
b. False
46. Racial conflict is not a problem in most United States prisons.
a. True
b. False
47. There has been a major increase in African-American prisoners during the past thirty years.
a. True
b. False
48. The dominant purpose of a prison is maintaining secure custody of offenders.
a. True
b. False
49. Men’sandwomen’sprisonculturebothresultininmatesadoptingrolesassurrogatefamiliesforotherinmates.
a. True
b. False
50. Given adequate financial resources, most experts believe that prisons should include programs that improve the lives
of inmates such as vocational training, remedial education, and work opportunities.
a. True
b. False
51. Correctional officers can gain cooperation from prisoners through rewards and punishments.
a. True
b. False
52. Correctional officers have few resources or punishments at their disposal to achieve institutional goals.
a. True
b. False
53. Women officers can only work with female inmates.
a. True
b. False
54. There has been an increase in the number of elderly prisoners over the age of 55.
a. True
b. False
55. More mentally ill persons are in state hospitals than in prisons and jails.
a. True
b. False
56. Prisoners serve shorter sentences in the U.S. in comparison to other Western nations.
a. True
b. False
