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1. Which of the following facilities allows inmates to spend a portion of the day at work but reside in a nonsecure
facility outside of prison?
a. supermax
b. halfway house
c. ticket of leave
d. furlough
2. The earliest forms of parole used
a. ISP
b. pardons of leave
c. tickets of leave
d. responsibility vouchers
3. In the early parole system in the United States, prisoners were released on parole when
a. their sentence expired
b. the prisons became full
c. the victims consented to their release
d. their conduct showed they were ready to return
4. Which of the following is TRUE about parole boards?
a. parole boards have become hesitant in granting parole for fear of being perceived as "soft" on crime
b. parole boards are always comprised of corrections experts
c. parole boards can predict accurately the future behavior of an offender
d. parole boards are always independent from the department of corrections
5. Based on information contained in the companion website, how is the parole system in Japan different from the
United States?
a. Japan has no parole system
b. Japanese parole involves extensive participation from community volunteers
c. Japan only offers parole to misdemeanor offenders
d. Japan only offers parole to younger inmates
6. What is the most commonly used method of release into the community?
a. discretionary release
b. other conditional release
c. mandatory release
d. expiration release
7. Which actor/entity typically determines discretionary release of state prisoners?
a. state prison release commissioner
b. parole board
c. state supreme court
d. prison warden
8. When an inmate is released after he or she has served time equal to the total sentence minus good time, this is
called
a. mandatory release
b. discretionary release
c. unconditional release
d. community release
9. Which type of release involves the parole board making decisions?
a. mandatory release
b. discretionary release
c. unconditional release
d. community release
10. What is another (politically sensitive) term used for "other conditional release"?
a. mandatory parole
b. mandatory release
c. discretionary release
d. discretionary parole
11. An expiration release means that
a. the inmate has died
b. the inmate cannot serve any additional time
c. the inmate has received permission to have a furlough
d. the inmate is required to attend school or training
12. The laws and rules that must be followed by parolees are called
a. parole conditions
b. sentencing contract
c. constitutional restrictions
d. conditions of release
13. In most states, the following people are allowed to attend parole hearings:
a. board members
b. the inmate
c. correctional officers
d. Board members, the inmate, and correctional officers are all allowed to attend
14. What group is most likely to be unemployed in the United States after release from prison?
a. male Caucasians under the age of 30
b. male Hispanics under the age of 30
c. male African-Americans under the age of 30
d. male African-Americans aged 30 or over
15. When inmates are released from correctional institutions during the day so they may work or attend school, this is
called
a. mandatory release
b. discretionary release
c. unconditional release
d. work and educational release
16. Up to 90% of released offenders do not participate in transitional programs. According to your text, why is this?
a. most released offenders don't want to use them
b. most released offenders cannot access them
c. most released offenders receive such instruction while in prison
d. most released offenders do not need transitional programs
17. The temporary release of an inmate from a correctional institution for a visit home is called a(n)
a. Pardon
b. Clemency
c. Furlough
d. halfway visit
18. According to Travis and Petersilia, which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to the reentry problem?
a. reduced powers of parole boards
b. increased drug use by inmates in prison
c. diminished opportunities for inmates to complete rehabilitation programs
d. offenders are being incarcerated for longer periods
19. What are the two roles played by parole officers?
a. cop and minister
b. warden and cop
c. cop and social worker
d. landlord and friend
20. It can be difficult to place halfway houses in communities due to this sentiment:
a. "no offenders in my neighborhood" (NOIMN)
b. "take inmates out of communities" (TIOOC)
c. "keep them locked up tight" (KTLUT)
d. "not in my backyard" (NIMBY)
21. Parolees who are behaving according to their conditions of release may be adjusted to
a. rescinded surveillance
b. reattributed surveillance
c. readjustment surveillance
d. restorative surveillance
22. What are the "invisible punishments" offenders are subjected to after release from incarceration?
a. difficulties finding a job
b. denial of government assistance
c. inability to get married
d. Only difficulties finding a job and denial of government assistance are invisible punishments
23. What is one explanation for high recidivism rate among those offenders released from incarceration?
a. their increased age makes them more likely to commit crimes
b. their low intelligence makes them more likely to commit crimes
c. a lack of proper nutrition makes them more likely to commit crimes
d. a lack of education and training makes them more likely to commit crimes
24. These have been suggested as a method of assessing ex-inmates' adjustment back into society:
a. recidivism courts
b. parole courts
c. reentry courts
d. release courts
25. Who grants pardons in the United States?
a. Congress and state legislatures
b. Presidents and state governors
c. U. S. Supreme Court and state supreme courts
d. Attorney General and state attorney generals
26. Which of the following is NOT an example of a civil disability that can be placed on an ex-felon?
a. restrictions in terms of employment
b. denial of the right to vote
c. denial of the right to hold public office
d. forfeiture of all constitutional rights
27. An action of the executive branch of the state or federal government excusing an offense and absolving the
offender is called a(n)
a. mandatory release
b. Furlough
c. Pardon
d. Parole
28. Civil disabilities might include:
a. inability to vote
b. inability to use the public library
c. inability to have children
d. inability to drive
29. When an offender is released from prison, he/she is still the government's responsibility. This concept of parole is
called ____________________.
30. The release of an inmate from prison to conditional supervision is referred to as ____________________.
31. Basedoninformationcontainedinyourtext’scompanionwebsite,InJapan,decisionstoreleaseoffendersfrom
prison and place them under supervision in the community are made by ____________________ parole boards.
32. Basedoninformationcontainedinyourtext’scompanionwebsite,paroleconditionsinJapanaresetpartlybylaw
and partly by ____________________.
33. ____________________ release is when an inmate has served time equal to the total minus "good time."
34. Prisoners who are released from prison after serving the maximum sentence and cannot be returned will receive
(an) ____________________.
35. Restrictions on parolees' conduct as a legally binding condition is called ____________________.
36. The daytime release of inmates to go to work or school is called ____________________.
37. The temporary release of an inmate for a visit home is called a(n) ____________________.
38. A parolee's principal contact with the criminal justice system is through the ____________________.
39. The continuing difficulties faced by former inmates are sometimes referred to as ____________________
punishments.
40. If a parolee violates the conditions of his or her parole, their parole may be ____________________.
41. ____________________ courts may help offenders reintegrate into the community
42. Legal restrictions on ex-offenders (such as the inability to vote) are referred to as ____________________.
43. When offenders are absolved from the consequences of their crimes by executive order, they have received
____________________.
44. The percentage of incarcerated drug offenders has increased significantly in the past 20 years.
a. True
b. False
45. Community members do not have any responsibility for ex-offenders released into their neighborhoods.
a. True
b. False
46. With the punitive nature of the criminal justice system, release on parole has become much easier for inmates to
obtain.
a. True
b. False
47. In Japan, they focus solely on the offender and not on the community.
a. True
b. False
48. The most commonly used type of release from incarceration is mandatory release.
a. True
b. False
49. Discretionary release affects other aspects of the system, including sentencing, plea bargaining, and the size of
prison populations.
a. True
b. False
50. Discretionary release is sometimes criticized for following judicial recommendations too closely.
a. True
b. False
51. Some states allow victims to make statements at parole board hearings.
a. True
b. False
52. A parolee can be prevented from working as a bartender by a parole officer.
a. True
b. False
53. In custody visitation allow inmates to leave prison temporarily to visit family.
a. True
b. False
54. All halfway houses are operated by state administrative agencies.
a. True
b. False
55. While parole officers must sometimes act in the role of a "cop," they do not have the power to enforce conditions of
release.
a. True
b. False
56. Most parole officers have little difficulty in monitoring the behavior of parolees.
a. True
b. False
57. Most offenders released on parole begin to adjust quickly to the outside world.
a. True
b. False
58. Media coverage of parole and parolees tends to be sympathetic and understanding.
a. True
b. False
59. Increasing restrictions on parolees also affect their families and communities.
a. True
b. False
60. In some communities, individuals on the sex offender registry have committed very low-level offenses.
a. True
b. False
61. If a parole officer finds that a parolee has committed a technical violation, he or she can revoke parole without a
hearing.
a. True
b. False
62. Most people believe that parolees who fail a drug test should be sent back to prison.
a. True
b. False
63. Many parolees "max out" on time and cannot be held any longer, regardless of how the parole board feels about the
inmate.
a. True
b. False
64. Civil disabilities imposed on ex-felons can hinder complete reintegration into society.
a. True
b. False
65. The Second Chance Act, signed by George W. Bush, authorizes states to punish parole offenders more harshly.
a. True
b. False
66. A pardon will not erase the criminal record of an offender.
a. True
b. False
67. Pardons are sometimes given to remedy a miscarriage of justice.
a. True
b. False
68. Parole decisions can be made arbitrarily, depending on the whims of the parole board.
a. True
b. False
69. How has public opinion affected the release of offenders back into the community? Have these changes helped
offenders to reduce recidivism?
70. The authors of your textbook have noted that an increasingly large percentage of inmates have committed drug
crimes. Why do you think this has occurred, and what affect might it have on reentry issues?
71. Given that there are permanent restrictions on ex-offenders (inability to vote, collect government support, etc.), can
we ever really say that offenders have "paid their debt" to society? If these offenders feel they will be punished
forever, what incentive do they have to remain crime-free?
72. This chapter began by discussing the changes in parole since the 1970s. It is very difficult for offenders to be
released when they are judged "ready" for release and job training and education programs have been severely
curtailed. In your opinion, what might explain this trend? What are the greater social effects of these policies?
73. What are the pros and cons of GPS tracking of parolees?
74. Discuss two issues on how budget cuts increase the use of parole in some jurisdictions.
75. How can a state successfully prepare for inmate integration into the community?
76. Parole rests of three concepts; which of the following is not one of the concepts?
a. grace
b. contract
c. custody
d. punishment
77. A system of conditional release from prison, devised by Captain Alexander Maconochie and first developed in
Ireland by Sir Walter
Crofton were known as _________.
a. probation
b. home confinement
c. tickets of leave
d. reformatory
78. State _________ are typically composed of citizens who are appointed for fixed terms in office by the governor.
a. prisons
b. halfway houses
c. parole boards
d. probation boards
79. _______laterbecameknownasthe“royalprerogativeofmercy”inEngland.
a. Pardon
b. expungement
c. clemency
d. forgiveness
80. One way that offenders avoid the consequences of civil disabilities is through _______, a process through which
anindividual’scriminalrecordsareerasedfrompublicrecords.
a. pardon
b. clemency
c. forgiveness
d. expungement
81. _______ may be the most notable civil disability of ex-prisoners.
a. Working
b. Medical care
c. Income tax revocation
d. Voting
82. The Supreme Court ruled in _________ , that if the parole officer alleges that a technical violation occurred, a
two-step revocation proceeding is required.
a. Brown v. Plata (2011),
b. Morrissey v. Brewer (1972)
c. The Second Chance Act of 2007,
d. Mapp v. Ohio (1961
83. The __________ is a transitional facility for soon-to-be- released inmates that connects them to community
services, resources, and
support.
84. About ________ percent of prisoners released to parole were incarcerated for a drug offense.
85. More than _______ percent of offenders will return to prison, either because of a new crime or a parole violation.
86. Successful prisoner reentry requires that parole and reentry support services focus on linking offenders with
communityinstitutions—churches,families,selfhelpgroups,and_________.
87. States retaining indeterminate sentences allow __________ by the parole board within the boundaries set by the
sentence and the penal law.
88. Probation release occurs when a sentencing judge requires a period of post-custody supervision in the community.
89. The civil disabilities of ex-felons can include loss of the right to vote and to hold public office.
a. True
b. False
90. What should the role of the parole officer be? In your opinion, should they grasp the concept of social worker or
law enforcement officer? Why? Would the personality of the client change the relationship?
91. What are civil disabilities? Give at least three examples of civil disabilities.
92. Write a scenario when pardoning would be justified. What is the difference between a pardon and a expungement?
Grant has recently been released from a state prison after the successful completion of his sentence for drug
crimes. He has made a promise to himself that he will not go back to prison and will try to do everything he can to
reintegrate back into the community. Grant would really like to vote in the upcoming election; however, he has
been informed that it will not be possible at least for this election. Grant also has had a difficult time finding
employment. It seems that most employers just do not want to take a change on someone with a record.
93. Grant promised himself that he will not go back to prison. Unfortunately, 40 percent of inmates released go back to
prison within ______ years.
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
94. Grant's release mechanism would be considered _________.
a. expiration release
b. mandatory release
c. probation release
d. discretionary release
95. Grant's _________ have not been restored yet because he is not allowed to vote in the upcoming election.
a. criminal disabilities
b. civil disabilities
c. due process rights
d. voting rights
The parole board has recently paroled Beth after 8 years of incarceration. She is to obtain gainful employment,
submit to weekly drug test, and notify the parole officer if she is going out of state. Beth will spend a month in a
transitional facility before she is completely on her own. It has been difficult locating a facility close to her home
because most communities do not want parolees close to them.
96. Beth was placed on parole by a parole board. Beth's release would be considered _________.
a. discretionary
b. mandatory
c. conditional release
d. expiration release
97. Beth must locate gainful employment and submit to weekly drug test. This would be considered her
___________.
a. conditions of parole
b. conditions of fact
c. conditions of probation
d. conditions of release
98. Beth will serve some time in a transitional facility before she is released. Most likely, she will spend this time in a
_________.
a. jail
b. halfway house
c. reformatory
d. furlough
99. The reason Beth cannot find a halfway house close to her home is because of the ________ attitude.
a. NIMBY
b. NIMFY
c. MINFB
d. BIMVY
Miranda has been a parole officer for over twelve years. When she first started working with inmates, she saw
herself as a caretaker. She worked many hours facilitating a relationship with her clients in order for them to
become functioning members of society. In the last couple of years, Miranda has noticed herself becoming more
authoritarian. She still wants to help her clients, but seems to spend more of her time restricting their freedom.
100. When Miranda is assisting her clients with jobs and forging a relationship with them, she is working in what
capacity?
a. social worker
b. cop
c. teacher
d. preacher
101. When Miranda is restricting freedoms or trying to revoke parole, she is working as a _______.
a. social worker
b. cop
c. teacher
d. preacher
