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Which of the following are the three levels of state courts?
a. appellate, district, limited jurisdictional
b. appellate, general jurisdiction, limited jurisdiction
c. limited jurisdiction, commercial, appellate
d. general jurisdiction, limited jurisdiction, district
The amount of _____ is based mainly on the judge's view of the seriousness of the
crime and of the defendant's record.
a. bail
b. court dates
c. appearances
d. fines
Which theory contains the idea that any person regardless of education, class, or
upbringing can become a criminal?
a. biological theory
b. social process theory
c. social conflict theory
d. social structure theory
Which of the following roles played by prosecutors is most responsive to public
opinion?
a. trial counsel for the police
b. house counsel for the police
c. representative of the court
d. elected official
The percentage of incarcerated drug offenders has increased significantly in the past 20
years.
a. True
b. False
Christian is a 20 year old African American male. He plays football for a Division I
college, and also happens to have a 4.0 GPA in biology. Christian hopes to enter dental
school at the completion of his undergraduate studies. Walking home from a late night
at the gym, campus security comes up behind him and demands to know what he is
doing. Christian states that he is on his way back to his dorm. Campus security places
him in handcuffs and says that he is under arrest for breaking and entering due to a
recent report. Christian does not resist this arrest and hopes he can clarify once they are
in the station.
Christian was most likely approached by security based upon his skin color. This would
be a clear case of __________.
a. disparity
b. discrimination
c. racial profiling
d. racism
According to the diagram, which two courts can appeal directly to the Supreme Court
of the United States?
a. district courts and courts of limited jurisdiction
b. circuit courts of appeals and trial courts of general jurisdiction
c. circuit courts of appeals and appellate courts of last resort
d. intermediate courts of appeals and district courts
The rise in private agencies is related to the fear of crime.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is the most likely to occur when a judge assumes the bench?
a. base their decisions on factors other than the law
b. take a pay cut in order to assume a position on the bench
c. make more money than the highest paid private attorneys
d. go straight from law school directly into a judging career
Which of the following factors distinguishes the governing of prisons from the
administration of other public institutions?
a. the defects of power of authority figures
b. unlimited rewards used by authorities
c. independence of correctional officers and inmates
d. weak inmate leadership
The person who represents accused and convicted persons in the criminal justice system
is called the
a. clerk of courts
b. state's attorney
c. defense attorney
d. judicial attorney
The privilege against self-incrimination is found in the
a. Third Amendment
b. Fourth Amendment
c. Fifth Amendment
d. Sixth Amendment
David has worked for his municipal police department for 10 years. He has seen his fair
share of homicide and rape victims. He remembers a time when he use to be excited to
hear the next call for service. Currently, he dreads to hear the radio calls for assistance.
David tries to remember he is keeping his community safe by the job he preforms. He
also remembers he has a family of his own he wants to keep safe as well.
David also suffers from the stress of a constantly rotating schedule, which force him to
work nights, weekends, and holidays. What type of stress does David suffer in regards
to his family?
a. external
b. organizational
c. personal
d. operational
Which of the following is true about public defenders?
a. they represent the state against criminal defendants
b. they easily gain the trust of their clients
c. they often face a heavy caseload
d. their interests are purely financial
The Bureau of Justice Statistics found that most prisoners are
a. young minority males with less than a high school education
b. older minority males with a high school education
c. young minority females with less than a high school education
d. older white males from organized crime groups
What two things must a theory explain if it does a good job of explaining gender
differences in offending?
a. the gender gap, and differences in types of offenses committed by men and women
b. the fact that women are more criminal than men, and also commit more serious
crimes
c. the role of victimization on offending, and the disparate treatment of minority
offenders
d. the income inequalities between men and women, and the fact that women are more
likely to live with their children
An appeal that results in reversal of the conviction normally means that the case is
_______to the lower court for a new trial.
a. reversed
b. remanded
c. overruled
d. upheld
Correctional officers can gain cooperation from prisoners through rewards and
punishments.
a. True
b. False
_________defendants are those who are too poor to afford their own lawyers.
a. Guilty
b. Innocent
c. Indigent
d. Retained
A type of social process theory that stresses that social links to keep people in line with
accepted norms is called
a. labeling theory
b. learning theory
c. control theory
d. normal theory
Ethan was arrested for public drunkeness and lewd and lascivious behavior after
attending his close friend's bachelor party. This is his first encounter with the criminal
justice system. He works as a project manager with a local construction company. Ethan
has been involved with his girlfriend for three years. His attorney has reached an
agreement with the prosecutor to reduce his sentence to probation.
Ethan agrees to a sentence of 18 months probation. His sentence will be served under
what agency of the criminal justice system?
a. law enforcement
b. courts
c. corrections
d. deferred prosecution
Most women criminals come from
a. upper-class families
b. middle-class families
c. lower-class families
d. upper-middle class families
If crime is learned behavior, then there should exist policies to promote stable families.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is TRUE about parole boards?
a. parole boards have become hesitant in granting parole for fear of being perceived as
'soft" on crime
b. parole boards are always comprised of corrections experts
c. parole boards can predict accurately the future behavior of an offender
d. parole boards are always independent from the department of corrections
Which of the following is TRUE concerning police policy?
a. police have unlimited resources
b. officers are not limited in terms of how they investigate and pursue lawbreakers
c. decisions about how police resources will be used affect who gets arrested
d. police tend to de-emphasize their role as crime fighters
The creation of new crimes and the size of criminal justice agency budgets are decided
by legislators responding to the demands of ______.
a. congress
b. law enforcement
c. voters
d. federal prosecutors
Marxism is an example of social conflict theory.
a. True
b. False
Throughout the United States, the upper age limit for juvenile court jurisdiction
typically varies between
a. 12 to 14 years of age
b. 14 to 16 years of age
c. 16 to 18 years of age
d. 18 to 20 years of age
The most commonly used type of release from incarceration is mandatory release.
a. True
b. False
In what circumstance is the totality of circumstances used?
a. to determine whether an offender is guilty
b. to determine whether to indict a suspect
c. to determine whether probable cause exists
d. to determine whether police acted appropriately
United States marshals were the officials who tried to bring law and order to the
western territories after the Civil War.
a. True
b. False
Polygraph tests are admissible in a court of law.
a. True
b. False
Sean works with the US government combating terrorism. His sole objective is to
prevent another September 11th catastrophe from happening on US soil. He works with
various state and federal agencies to protect Americans from not only the threat of
terrorism, but also trying to safeguard protected constitutional rights from unneeded
intrusions. Sean works to fight both domestic and international terrorism.
Which of the following governmental agencies does Sean most likely work for?
a. Department of Homeland Security
b. Department of Health and Human Services
c. Department of Terroristic Affairs
d. Department of Commerce
Ethan was arrested for public drunkeness and lewd and lascivious behavior after
attending his close friend's bachelor party. This is his first encounter with the criminal
justice system. He works as a project manager with a local construction company. Ethan
has been involved with his girlfriend for three years. His attorney has reached an
agreement with the prosecutor to reduce his sentence to probation.
Ethan was arrested for public drunkeness and lewd and lascivious behavior. In order for
this arrest to occur, the officer had to have _______.
a. probable cause
b. reasonable suspicion
c. hunch
d. doubt
There is no evidence of racism in the way society asks the criminal justice system to
operate.
a. True
b. False
The U.S. Supreme Court decision in ________ signaled the end of the hands-off policy.
The ____ model of corrections is based on the assumption that criminal behavior is
caused by biological influences.
Explain the difference between repetitive victimization and revictimization.
Explain why discretion is such an important component to the criminal justice system.
Could the American criminal justice system exist without discretion? Why or why not?
What is one criticism of the bail system in the United States? How might you
recommend that this problem be fixed?
If a police officer demands that a business purchase tickets to a police function, this is
called _____________.
The values and norms shared by the court community is referred to as the _________.
_____refers to laws that require offenders to serve a substantial proportion of their
sentence before being released on parole.
Lawsuits brought by citizens against police are known as ___________suits.
The few celebrated cases are at Layer ____________of the criminal justice wedding
cake.
What impact does the federal budget have on the FBI?
A prosecutor who believes his or her main function is to give legal advice so arrests will
stand up in court has taken on the role of ___________for the police.
The ____ is the top law enforcement official in county government who was an
exceptionally important police official during the country's westward expansion and
continues to bear primary responsibility for many local jails.
What challenges to female prisoners face during incarceration? How do these differ
from those faced by male prisoners?
A return to criminal behavior is called ___________.
