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1. According to Cole and Smith, which of the following is NOT a goal of the criminal justice system?
a. doing justice
b. controlling crime
c. preventing crime
d. increasing crime
2. Which of the following statements BEST explains the goals of the criminal justice system?
a. the actions of citizens taking simple precautions cannot prevent crime
b. efforts to control crime allow police to go beyond the law
c. decisions must be made that reflect legal, social, political, and moral values of society
d. all of these are true
3. The concept of dividing power between a central (national) government and regional (state) governments is called
a. confederacy
b. federalism
c. constitutional
d. political
4. Which of the following administer prisons, jails, and other corrections facilities and programs?
a. federal government
b. state governments
c. city governments
d. all of the above
5. Which of the following is TRUE concerning the criminal justice system and the United States Constitution?
a. the United States Constitution does not discuss the criminal justice system specifically
b. the United States Constitution dictates how state agencies should be run
c. the United States Constitution created the state police agencies
d. the United States Constitution created the federal law enforcement agencies
6. The authority to make decisions without reference to specific rules or facts, using instead one's own judgment is
referred to as
a. exchange
b. due process
c. system
d. discretion
7. A key concept in the criminal justice process involving the mutual transfer of resources among individual actors is
called
a. exchange
b. due process
c. system
d. discretion
8. The criminal justice system practitioners use all of the following characteristics EXCEPT ?
a. Discretion
b. Resource dependence
c. Filtering
d. Complete independence of actors
9. Which of the following occurs at the initial appearance?
a. the suspect is fingerprinted
b. the suspect is notified of the official charges against him/her
c. the judge decides whether probable cause exists
d. the suspect enters his/her plea
10. The determination of whether or not a defendant is guilty is called
a. Adjudication
b. indictment
c. booking
d. information
11. The United States has a
a. dual court system
b. triple court system
c. one court system
d. quadruple court system
12. When a person is physically taken into custody, this is called a(n)
a. warrant
b. arrest
c. indictment
d. information
13. A "true bill" coming from a grand jury and charging a suspect with a specific crime is called a(n)
a. arrest
b. warrant
c. indictment
d. booking
14. A court order issued by a judge authorizing police officers to make arrests or search premises is called a(n)
a. Arrest
b. Warrant
c. Bail
d. Booking
15. Most defendants whose charges are not dropped ultimately
a. go to trial
b. plead guilty
c. serve long prison sentences
d. are not guilty by reason insanity
16. The person who is "the key link between the police and the courts" because he/she considers the facts of the case
and decides whether there is probable cause to believe an offense was committed is the
a. judge
b. defense attorney
c. parole officer
d. prosecutor
17. What layer of the criminal justice wedding cake involves celebrated cases that are highly unusual with great public
attention resulting in a jury trial?
a. top
b. high-middle
c. low-middle
d. bottom
18. What layer of the criminal justice wedding cake consists of misdemeanors?
a. top
b. high-middle
c. low-middle
d. bottom
19. What layer of the criminal justice wedding cake consists of serious felonies?
a. top
b. high-middle
c. low-middle
d. bottom
20. Thecriminaljustice“weddingcake”layersreflectdifferencesinhowcrimesareprioritized.Basedonthese
priorities, which statement best reflects a summary of these layers?
a. all cases are basically the same
b. people who marry are less likely to commit crimes
c. different cases receive different kinds of treatment
d. celebrated cases are no different than other cases
21. Whatlayerofthecriminaljustice“weddingcake”reflectstheprioritiesofhowthecriminaljusticesystemdeals
withfeloniesof“lesserconcern
a. top
b. bottom
c. high-middle
d. low-middle
22. The State of Michigan v. Christopher Jones illustrated
a. the importance of selecting open-minded jurors
b. the difficulties of proving guilt in a rape case
c. the prosecutor's use of multiple charges to pressure defendants to plead guilty
d. circumstantial evidence cannot be used to convict an offender
23. WhenwesaythatcrimeinAmericanis“intraracial,”wemean:
a. victims and offenders tend to be in different racial groups
b. victims and offenders tend to be in the same racial group
c. race does not play a part in who is the victim and who is the offender
d. racial differences can only be discovered using intra-group analysis
24. According to Cole and Smith, which of the following is NOT an explanation for the racial and ethnic disparities that
exist within the criminal justice system?
a. minorities commit more crimes
b. the criminal justice system is racist
c. America is a racist society
d. All of the above can explain the disparities
25. The inequality of treatment of one group by the criminal justice system, compared to the treatment accorded other
groups, is called
a. federalism
b. crime
c. disparity
d. due process
26. Compared to whites, African-Americans and Hispanics are drawn into the criminal justice system at a
a. slightly lower rate
b. slightly higher rate
c. similar rate
d. much higher rate
27. How much greater is the per capita incarceration rate for African-Americans as compared to whites?
a. twice as great
b. three times as great
c. five times as great
d. seven times as great
28. One third of all persons arrested by the police involve which minority group?
a. African Americans
b. Native Americans
c. Hispanics
d. Caucasions
29. Federal sentencing guidelines punish users of crack cocaine about one hundred times more harshly than users of
powder cocaine. This fact reflects which of the textbook's explanations for racial disparities?
a. racial insensitivity and unequal treatment in society can shape criminal justice policy
b. crack cocaine is more harmful to society than powder cocaine
c. few people are arrested for using powder cocaine
d. the effects of powder cocaine are not as strong as crack cocaine
30. The three major goals of the three components, (police, courts and corrections) of the American criminal justice
system are ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________.
31. The criminal justice system is designed to control crime by arresting, prosecuting, convicting, and punishing those
who disobey the ____________________.
32. The United States Constitution gives specific powers to the ____________________ government.
33. Most criminal cases are heard in ____________________ court.
34. The mutual transfer of resources is called ____________________.
35. If an official acts according to his/her own judgment in the criminal justice system, this is called
____________________.
36. The criminal justice process may be viewed as a ____________________ process through which cases are
screened.
37. The separate judicial structure for each state in addition to a national structure creates a
____________________ system.
38. If a person is taken into custody, this is called a(n) ____________________.
39. The procedure by which an administrative record is made of the arrest is called a ____________________.
40. The few celebrated cases are at Layer ____________________ of the criminal justice wedding cake.
41. Misdemeanors are at Layer ____________________ of the criminal justice wedding cake.
42. Most crime in America is ____________________-racial.
43. Differential treatment based on race is called ____________________.
44. ____________________- profiling occurs when police officers disproportionately stop people of color more than
whites.
45. Decisions made within the system of criminal justice should not have to reflect important values.
a. True
b. False
46. The criminal justice system is designed to control and prevent crime.
a. True
b. False
47. Citizens and their actions can prevent crime.
a. True
b. False
48. Congress and President George W. Bush sought to increase the government's effectiveness by creating new
federal agencies.
a. True
b. False
49. Congress has refused to expand the powers of the FBI.
a. True
b. False
50. Defendants who win appeals typically go free.
a. True
b. False
51. Federalism divides power between a central (national) government and regional (state) governments.
a. True
b. False
52. The United States Constitution explicitly includes criminal justice among the powers of the federal government.
a. True
b. False
53. When the United States Constitution was ratified in 1788-1789, it contained few references to criminal justice.
a. True
b. False
54. Most criminal laws are written by state legislatures and enforced by state agencies.
a. True
b. False
