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55. Police officers need to obtain a warrant before searching the trunk of a car.
a. True
b. False
56. If a person is growing marijuana in plain sight, a police officer does not need a warrant to search and seize the
evidence.
a. True
b. False
57. In a pat-down by an officer, items that are identifiable by touch cannot be seized as evidence.
a. True
b. False
58. Consent searches are unconstitutional under the Fourth Amendment.
a. True
b. False
59. Police officers must provide Miranda warnings if they approach someone on the street and begin questioning.
a. True
b. False
60. Miranda warnings have had serious implications for law enforcement and the techniques used for interrogation.
a. True
b. False
61. Miranda warnings must be read to a suspect when he/she is taken into custody.
a. True
b. False
62. Police rarely use deception when interrogating a suspect.
a. True
b. False
63. Miranda warnings involve the right to counsel and the right to remain silent.
a. True
b. False
64. Miranda warnings were established by the Supreme Court in Weeks v. U.S. (1914).
a. True
b. False
65. The Fourth Amendment means nothing without the exclusionary rule.
a. True
b. False
66. Miranda warnings must be issued in written form and signed or initialed by the suspect.
a. True
b. False
67. Chief Justice Earl Warren established a strict code of conduct for police officers in the way that police handled
criminal defendants.
a. True
b. False
68. In Nix v. Williams (1984), the United States Supreme Court established the inevitable discovery exception to the
exclusionary rule.
a. True
b. False
69. The exclusionary rule increases the legal protection for criminal defendants.
a. True
b. False
70. If a police officer is acting in good faith, then he/she may use evidence obtained through the use of a defective
search warrant.
a. True
b. False
71. Even if a police officer is acting in the interests of public safety, he/she must obtain a warrant before searching an
area.
a. True
b. False
72. The Warren Court established that the exclusionary rule applied to the states.
a. True
b. False
73. Compare and contrast the plain view doctrine and the open fields doctrine. What is the key difference between
them?
74. In your opinion, do the constitutional rights of citizens "tie the hands" of the police to a significant degree? Explain
your answer.
75. Can you think of any instances (not including those discussed in the text) in which officers should not need a
warrant to search? Discuss your answer.
76. How has the increased focus on homeland security and terrorism affected current constitutional rights to citizens?
Do you think our current constitutional guarantees should be revisited given the need to focus on terrorism?
77. According to the ___________, officers are permitted to search and to seize evidence, without a warrant, on
private property beyond the area immediately surrounding the house.
a. plain view doctrine
b. plain feel doctrine
c. open field doctrine
d. seizure doctrine
78. Terry v. Ohio permitted officers the ability to pat down clothing of people on the streets is there is reasonable
suspicion of dangerous criminal activity, which is referred to as a ________ search.
a. stop-and-frisk
b. stop-and-pat down
c. stop-and-seize
d. stop-and-interrogate
79. Which of the following is not a factor in determining if suspicion exist to justify a search by a Custom and Border
Patrol officer?
a. behavioral analysis
b. observational techniques
c. native language
d. K-9 Unit
80. Officers can make an arrest without a warrant when there are ____________. This means that officers are in
the middle of an urgent situation in which they must act swiftly and do not have time to go to court to seek a
warrant.
81. During a traffic stop officers can order passengers as well as the driver to exit the vehicle even if there is no basis
for _______ that the
passengers engaged in any wrongdoing.
82. When public safety is in jeopardy police may question, a suspect in custody without providing the Miranda
warnings
83. An _________ is a written statement of fact, supported by oath or affirmation, submitted to judicial officers to
fulfill the requirements of probable cause for obtaining a warrant.
84. Individuals ____________ is a standard developed for determining whether a government intrusion of a person or
property constitutes a search because it interferes with individual interests that are normally protected from
government intrusion.
85. The Supreme Court ruled in, _______________ that when officers act in good faith reliance on computerized
records concerning outstanding warrants, evidence found in a search incident to arrest is admissible even if the
arrest was based on an erroneous record that wrongly indicated the the existence of a warrant.
86. When officers are in hot pursuit of a fleeing suspected felon, they need to stop to seek a warrant and thereby risk
permitting the suspect to get away.
a. True
b. False
87. If people consent to a search, officers do not need probable cause or even any level of suspicion to justify the
search.
a. True
b. False
88. Unexplained bulges in clothing or awkwardness in walking is an example of behavioral analysis.
a. True
b. False
89. Astopisdefinedasabriefinterferencewithaperson’sfreedomofmovement.
a. True
b. False
90. According to Miranda v. Arizona (1966), law enforcement must inform the individual in custody of his/her right to
an attorney.
a. True
b. False
91. The Supreme Court ruled in Chimel v. California (1969) that in order to preserve evidence and protect the safety of
the officer and the public after a lawful arrest, the arrestee and the immediate area around the arrestee may be
searched for weapons and criminal evidence.
a. True
b. False
92. According to Pennsylvania Board of Pardons and Parole v. Scott (1998), improperly obtained evidence cannot be
used at parole revocation proceedings.
a. True
b. False
93. In Nix v. Williams (1984), the Supreme Court agreed that the improperly obtained evidence can be used when it
would later have been inevitably discovered without improper actions by the police.
a. True
b. False
94. The exclusionary rule does not necessarily require that cases against defendants be dismissed when constitutional
rights have been violated.
a. True
b. False
95. Ifpeoplevoluntarilystopinordertospeakwiththeofficer,theyhavenotbeen“seized,”becausetheyarefreeto
move along whenever they choose.
a. True
b. False
96. Court decisions have established that police dogs who sniff luggage in public places are not conducting searches
and therefore are not subject to the requirements of the Fourth Amendment.
a. True
b. False
97. Explain how the Supreme Court has changed the interpretation of the fourth amendment.
98. Explain the process that a law enforcement officer would have to go through in order to secure a warrant to search
a residence.
99. Explain the inevitable discovery exception as it relates to Nix v. Williams (1984).
100. Explain the good faith exception to the exclusionary rule.
101. When an officer stops a car and it becomes necessary to search, how extensively can they search the vehicle?
What are the parameters that the officer must abide by?
102. Explain the Miranda Warnings and what the significance is behind the use of the warnings in interrogations.
Officer Castro notices a car in front of him driving at a slow rate of speed. The driver seems to be driving
erratically. Officeer Castro activates his blue lights and attempts to pull the car over. The driver continues to drive
for approximately two additional miles before pulling over. When Officer Castro slowly approaches the car, he
smells what appears to be a heavy fragrance of what seems to be marijuana. The driver has dilated eyes and
slurred speech. There are a total of four individuals in the car.
103. Officer Castro required that the car in question pull over. Typically, this could be considered a __________.
a. search
b. seizure
c. interrogation
d. arrest
104. Officer Castro intended for this traffic stop to be a brief seizure, which would be considered a ___________.
a. stop
b. search
c. arrest
d. interrogation
105. When Officer Castro pulled the car over after suspicious behavior, he encountered a strong smell of a well known
drug that he has significant experience with prior to this case. The strong presence of this drug, gives Officer
Castro enough ________ to search the vehicle.
a. reasonable suspicion
b. hunch
c. probable cause
d. beyond a reasonable doubt
106. Officer Castro would not need probable cause to search the vehicle if the driver gave Officer Castro permission to
search. This would be known as a _________ search.
a. exigent circumstance
b. illegal
c. stop-and-frisk
d. consent
Detective Smith is working on an active sexual assault case. She has just recently received DNA results back
from the lab. The results specifically pinpoint the person of interest as the suspect. Detective Smith has obtained
an arrest warrant and is hoping that the suspect will give a full confession.
107. Officer Smith is going to take the suspect into custody, where he feels as though he is not free to leave. Officer
Smith is making an _______.
a. affidavit
b. arrest
c. search
d. warrant
108. Detective Smith must inform the suspect of his right to have an attorney present during the interrogation. The
Supreme Court guaranteed this right in which Supreme Court ruling?
a. Mapp v. Ohio
b. Wren v. United States
c. Miranda v. Arizona
d. Michigan v. Long
109. The suspect can claim his Constitutional right against ____________, when Detective Smith interrogates the
suspect.
a. questioning
b. searches
c. seizures
d. self-incrimination
Officer Goldman responded to a call of an active shooter during a home invasion at a local residence. Officer
Goldman arrives on scene and quickly surveys the residence. He and his partner immediately enter the home and
see the suspect. They command the suspect to drop his weapon at which time, the suspect responds. Officer
Goldman arrests the suspect and searches his person.
110. Officer Goldman immediately entered the home without obtaining a warrant. He was allowed to do this based upon
the requirement of __________.
a. consent
b. exigent circumstances
c. arrest
d. seizure
111. Once the suspect is taken into custody, Officer Goldman immediately searches the suspect. He is allowed to do
this without a warrant. This is called __________.
a. search incident to a lawful arrest
b. consent
c. exigent circumstance
d. exclusionary rule
112. After the suspect was taken into custody, and the victims taken to receive medical care. Officer Goldman's
partners most likely would need to obtain a(an) _________ to collect all the remaining evidence to prosecute the
case.
a. arrest warrant
b. search warrant
c. seizure
d. consent
