James is a vice president of a local banking organization. He and his wife have been in
danger of foreclosure on their home after his wife lost her job last year. James recently
found out that he can transfer a small percentage of his client’s earnings into his own
account without drawing attention to those in power. He has been able to transfer
enough money to break even on their mortgage. He is aware that he is breaking the law;
however, he does not see his crime as being on the same scale as a violent crime. He is
also aware that if he is caught, the criminal justice system will go easy on him because
he is a first time offender.
James is quickly educated on how to navigate the court system. He is made aware that
the state must PROVE
that he is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. This is known as the _____.
a. crime control model
b. due process model
c. criminal justice model
d. due justice model
Eli is a public defender who is representing his client in a first degree murder case. A
plea arrangement could not be arranged, so the case is going to trial. In a matter of
weeks, Eli will be forced to help seat a jury. He is hoping to have a chance to sit jurors
that will sympathize with his client, whom grew up in abject poverty and has a low iq.
Eli is not sure what the outcome to this case may be considering there is not an
eyewitness to this case.
Eli’s case was more likely to go to trial than other cases because the client is being tried
for ________.
a. burglary
b. arson
c. murder
d. rape
Indeterminate sentences are consistent with rehabilitation.
a. True
b. False
Attitudes of judges factor into sentencing decisions.
a. True
b. False
What are the two roles played by parole officers?
a. cop and minister
b. warden and cop
c. cop and social worker
d. landlord and friend
Police are mainly reactive when they are dependent on citizen calls reporting criminal
activity.
a. True
b. False
An example of a “political crime “is
a. Prostitution
b. Espionage
c. selling illegal narcotics
d. price fixing
Special efforts have been made to recruit ________ and minorities as correctional
officers.
a. males
b. females
c. educated
d. young
Crime policies are often enacted that are popular, but do little to actually reduce crime.
a. True
b. False
Politicians often try to be “tough on crime” without fully understanding the costs and
consequences of such policies.
a. True
b. False
What system held prisoners in isolation at night and made them work with fellow
prisoners in shops during the day?
a. Medical
b. Congregate
c. separate confinement
d. crime control
Congress has declared that all offenses committed by juveniles are federal offenses.
a. True
b. False
Who wrote the Supreme Court’s opinion in Miranda v. Arizona (1966)?
a. Hugo Black
b. William Brennan
c. Earl Warren
d. Thurgood Marshall
In what case did the United States Supreme Court concluded that a suspect being
questioned cannot assert his right to remain silent by remaining silent in the face of
continued questioning by the officer?
a. Roper v. Simmons
b. Berghuis v. Thompson
c. Florida v. Powell
d. New York v. Quarles
Increasing surveillance measures can potentially risk violating civil liberties of citizens.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following statements is true concerning juvenile court?
a. juvenile court is highly centralized at the state level
b. juvenile court is a complex institution performing a wide variety of functions
c. juvenile court maintains separation between goals and values
d. juvenile court controls and understands the causes of juvenile crime
Which of the following statements about offenses committed by juveniles is accurate?
a. the offenses committed by juveniles are mostly violations of state law
b. the offenses committed by juveniles are mostly violations of federal law
c. the offenses committed by juveniles are equally violations of federal and state laws
d. None of the above are accurate
Which of the following occurs at the initial appearance?
a. the suspect is fingerprinted
b. the suspect is notified of the official charges against him/her
c. the judge decides whether probable cause exists
d. the suspect enters his/her plea
Males aged 16-24 are the most likely group to commit crimes.
a. True
b. False
At the federal level, probation officers are appointed by the
a. President
b. Congress
c. federal judiciary
d. Attorney General
Which two elements of police work define the working personality?
a. danger and authority
b. danger and isolation
c. danger and independence
d. authority and isolation
Steve Herbert found a high sense of morality in the law enforcement subculture. Which
of the following is not a dilemma to help officers overcome?
a. the contradiction between the goal of preventing crime and the officers’ inability to
do so
b. the fact that officers must use their discretion to “handle” situations in ways that do
not strictly follow procedures
c. the fact that what is right is not always legal
d. the fact that they invariably act against at least one citizen’s interest, often with
recourse to coercive force that can maim or kill
Plea bargaining is also referred to as “copping out.”
a. True
b. False
Criminal justice is a system of parts – police, courts, corrections – that do not affect each
other.
a. True
b. False
Megan is a probation officer who has recently been assigned a client that will need
much closer monitoring than her coworker’s clients. Her client was sentenced to six
years probation based upon manufacturing with intent to distribute methamphetamine.
The client has conditions to his probation including a period of time that must be spent
in his home as well as a repayment plan for damage to property that occurred during the
manufacturing process. Megan’s client’s biggest obstacle to successful completion is the
home environment in which the client lives.
Megan’s client is forced to spend a specific, detailed amount of time in his home at part
of his probation. This is referred to as _________.
a. restitution
b. fines
c. home confinement
d. day reporting
Police officers have considerable discretion.
a. True
b. False
The Fourth Amendment contains the unreasonable search and seizure clause.
a. True
b. False
Restitution orders are determined by prison wardens rather than by judges.
a. True
b. False
According to the _____ , officers are permitted to search and to seize evidence, without
a warrant, on private property beyond the area immediately surrounding the house.
a. plain view doctrine
b. plain feel doctrine
c. open field doctrine
d. seizure doctrine
Who grants pardons in the United States?
a. Congress and state legislatures
b. Presidents and state governors
c. U. S. Supreme Court and state supreme courts
d. Attorney General and state attorney generals
A determinate sentence means that the defendant determines his own punishment with
the assistance of a counselor.
a. True
b. False
The Supreme Court ruled that statements produced after police beat suspects were
inadmissible in
a. Myers v. U.S. (1923)
b. West Coast Hotel v. Parrish (1935)
c. Chimel v. California (1969)
d. Brown v. Mississippi (1936)
Judges spent significant time working as a negotiator while working with prosecutors
and defense attorneys about plea bargaining.
a. True
b. False
Although challenges for cause fall ultimately under the judge’s control, the prosecution
and defense can exert their own control over the jury’s composition through the use of
________.
Which function of policing do you think is most likely to help reduce crime? Provide
some examples of how this function would reach this goal.
Explain the Miranda Warnings and what the significance is behind the use of the
warnings in interrogations.
_____ is an approach to policing, in conjunction with concerns about homeland
security, that emphasizes gathering and analyzing information to be shared among
agencies in order to develop cooperative effort to identify, prevent, and solve problems.
_______ are more likely than whites to be victims of crime.
Edwin Sutherland developed the concept of _____crime.
In the United States Supreme Court case of ____ v. _______ decided that defendants
must uphold the plea agreement or suffer consequences.
Protection against ____ means that people cannot be forced to respond to questions
whose answers may reveal that they have committed a crime.
The ____was used as a defense if someone committed a criminal act as a result of
mental illness.
What impacts do budget cuts have on the courts?
A (n) ______ hearing is a hearing by the juvenile court to determine if a juvenile should
be detained or released prior to adjudication.
Fear of crime is greatest in ______ areas.
What special issues do prison administrators have to take in account for when
implement programs for female inmates? Should women have a different standard to
punishment? Why or why not? Could such differences be considered gender
discrimination?
Previously, prisons used to use inmates to help keep other inmates “in line”. Inmates
were sometimes selected to assist guards with security prior to the
Ruiz v. Estelle decision. Why do you think prisons discontinued using inmates to
provide security?
The ______________system involves an active judge.
Your textbook discusses the difference between “not guilty by reason of insanity” and
“guilty but mentally ill.” Which do you think is the best way to deal with mentally ill
offenders? How does mens rea affect the difference between these two verdicts?
Should state judges be selected through elections? Why or why not?