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1. According to a Justice Department survey, what is the most serious problem facing teenagers today?
a. Alcohol
b. poor quality of nutrition
c. Drugs
d. Crime
2. Whatdoestheacronym"CRIPS”mean?
a. Children Ready in the Population Society
b. Criminals Ready in the Post-Modern Society
c. Common Rejected Innocents Producing Safely
d. Community Revolution in Progress
3. WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthejuvenileviolentcrimeratetodaycomparedtothemid80’s?
a. it has become lower and matches it
b. it is much higher than it was
c. it has fluctuated inconsistently
d. none of the above
4. In England, the doctrine that allowed the courts to hold protective jurisdiction over all children was called
a. judicial waiver
b. parens patriae
c. In re Gault
d. status offense
5. Under common law, children were exempt from criminal responsibility until the age of
a. Three
b. Five
c. Seven
d. Ten
6. Behaviors that are not criminal if committed by adults such as cigarette smoking or truancy are called what in the
juvenile justice context?
a. judicial waiver
b. parens patriae
c. In re Gault
d. status offenses
7. In Kent v. United States and In re Gault, the United States Supreme Court extended due process rights to
children. In what decade were these decisions handed down by the Court?
a. 1860s
b. 1930s
c. 1960s
d. 1980s
8. Which of the following is TRUE about the due process rights of juveniles?
a. juveniles have none of the due process rights guaranteed to adults
b. juveniles have all of the due process rights guaranteed to adults
c. juveniles have all of the due process rights guaranteed to adults plus additional rights
d. juveniles only have some of the due process rights guaranteed to adults
9. Which of the following states do not have a minimum age for juveniles to be transferred to the adult system?
a. Arizonia
b. Utah
c. New Mexico
d. Texas
10. Which civil liberty was extended to juveniles in the United States Supreme Court's decision of Breed v. Jones
(1975)?
a. right to trial by jury
b. right to an attorney
c. right against unreasonable search and seizure
d. privilege against self-incrimination
11. Which U. S. Supreme Court decision departed from the trend toward increasing juvenile rights by ruling that
juveniles may be held in preventive detention before trial if they are deemed a risk to the community?
a. In re Gault (1967)
b. Schall v. Martin (1984)
c. Kent v. United States (1966)
d. In re Winship (1970)
12. Which of the following statements about offenses committed by juveniles is accurate?
a. the offenses committed by juveniles are mostly violations of state law
b. the offenses committed by juveniles are mostly violations of federal law
c. the offenses committed by juveniles are equally violations of federal and state laws
d. None of the above are accurate
13. Throughout the United States, the upper age limit for juvenile court jurisdiction typically varies between
a. 12 to 14 years of age
b. 14 to 16 years of age
c. 16 to 18 years of age
d. 18 to 20 years of age
14. What is the youngest age a juvenile can be waived to adult court in the United States?
a. 10
b. 12
c. 13
d. 14
15. In its original, underlying philosophy, the juvenile justice system is primarily concerned with the interests and needs
of the
a. Parents
b. Police
c. Family
d. Child
16. What United States Supreme Court decision ruled that school officials could search students and their lockers?
a. New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985)
b. Fare v. Michael C. (1979)
c. Schall v. Martin (1984)
d. In re Gault (1967)
17. The process of screening children out of the system without a decision is called a
a. dependent child
b. Disposition
c. Diversion
d. Probation
18. Which United States Supreme Court decision found that a child could waive his or her rights to an attorney and to
protections against self-incrimination?
a. New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985)
b. Fare v. Michael C. (1979)
c. Schall v. Martin (1984)
d. In re Gault (1967)
19. The juvenile function of police work is concerned largely with
a. servicing the community
b. preventing crime
c. order maintenance
d. arresting drug offenders
20. Which of the following is NOT true about a juvenile officer?
a. juvenile officers are selected and trained to relate effectively to youths
b. juvenile officers are knowledgeable about legal issues
c. juvenile officers are sensitive to the needs of young offenders
d. juvenile officers have less discretion than regular officers in processing young offenders
21. The juvenile court processing of delinquency cases typically begins with a(n)...
a. intake hearing
b. Petition
c. Disposition
d. Diversion
22. WhatwasthecentralpurposeofBoston’s“OperationCeasefire”?
a. eliminating juvenile drug use
b. reducing gang violence
c. helping police clear homicide cases
d. successful reentry of juvenile offenders
23. WhatwasthefocusoftheSupremeCourtcasethatmarkedthebeginningofthe“KidsareDifferent”era?
a. legalization of the juvenile law
b. establishment of separate system for juveniles
c. deinstitutionalization of status offenders
d. elimination of the death penalty for juveniles
24. Which of the following is NOT one of the main concepts of juvenile justice?
a. Deinstitutionalization
b. Due process
c. Diversion
d. Detoxification
25. Public support on handling delinquent juveniles is strongest for:
a. a rehabilitative emphasis
b. a punitive emphasis
c. a protective emphasis
d. a retributive emphasis
26. Consider the information presented in the chart below. How are African American youth most likely to be
overrepresented in the juvenile justice system?
a. juvenile arrests for violent crime index offenses
b. juveniles in residential placement
c. cases judicially waived to criminal court
d. delinquency cases resulting in residential placement
27. Which of the following statements is true concerning juvenile court?
a. juvenile court is highly centralized at the state level
b. juvenile court is a complex institution performing a wide variety of functions
c. juvenile court maintains separation between goals and values
d. juvenile court controls and understands the causes of juvenile crime
28. How have the conservative crime control policies that have hit the adult criminal justice system influenced juvenile
justice?
a. they have caused under-crowding in juvenile institutions
b. increased litigation challenging the abuse of children
c. lower rates of minority youth incarceration
d. all of the above
29. ____ occurs when a juvenile has his or her case transferred to the adult criminal court system.
a. Diversion
b. Institutionalization
c. Waiver
d. Exception
30. This child has been determined to receive inadequate care because of some action or inaction on the part of the
parents
a. dependent child
b. neglected child
c. PIN Person In Need of Supervision
d. Delinquent
31. Curfew violations and loitering are referred to as ____________________ crimes.
32. Juveniles who harass or intimidate other juveniles using cell phones, email, and the Internet are engaging in
__________________.
33. The first reform school opened in 1848 and was called the ____________________ School for Boys.
34. The doctrine of ____________________ means the state is the parent and guardian of all citizens who are
unable to protect themselves.
35. The ____________________ period of juvenile justice viewed the offending child as evil.
36. The first law pertaining to juveniles in the United States was called the Massachusetts ____________________
Law.
37. A ____________________ is any act committed by a juvenile that is considered unacceptable for a child but is
not considered a crime for an adult.
38. The punitive era of juvenile justice (from 1980 to the present) is known as the ____________________ period.
39. A child who committed an act that if committed by an adult would be criminal is considered a(n)
____________________.
40. A child who is not receiving proper care because of action or inaction by his or her parent is considered a(n)
____________________ child.
41. In 1979, in the case of ____________________ v. ____________________, the U. S. Supreme Court ruled
that a child may waive his or her right to an attorney and his or her right to remain silent.
42. The United States Supreme Court ruled in ____________________ v. ____________________ that school
officials may search a student if reasonable suspicion exists.
43. The process of screening children out of the juvenile justice system without a court decision is called
____________________.
44. A (n)____________________ hearing is a hearing by the juvenile court to determine if a juvenile should be
detained or released prior to adjudication.
45. Only a small percentage of juvenile arrest are for homicide.
a. True
b. False
46. The process of determining whether a juvenile is guilty of a crime is known as _________________.
47. Females constitute almost one-half of all juvenile arrests.
a. True
b. False
48. The epidemic of youth violence in the United States occurred simultaneously with an increase in drug arrests.
a. True
b. False
49. Youth gangs are NOT a problem today in American cities as they were in the past.
a. True
b. False
50. The idea that children should be treated differently than adults originated in the common law and courts of England.
a. True
b. False
51. The juvenile justice system in the United States did not develop until the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.
a. True
b. False
52. In Roper v. Simmons, the Supreme Court decided that juveniles were less culpable than adults due to
developmental and maturity differences.
a. True
b. False
