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53. Delinquent children often have committed offenses that would be classified as criminal if they were adults.
a. True
b. False
54. Juveniles and adults have identical kinds of offenses classified as crimes.
a. True
b. False
55. Juveniles have always retained due process rights in the United States.
a. True
b. False
56. The standard of proof for juveniles to become classified as delinquents is "beyond a reasonable doubt."
a. True
b. False
57. Smoking cigarettes is a status offense for a juvenile.
a. True
b. False
58. The punitive period in juvenile justice was called the juvenile rights period
a. True
b. False
59. Based on information contained on the companion website, the juvenile system in Norway is identical to that in the
United States.
a. True
b. False
60. Federal guidelines dictate that all states must handle juvenile cases in the same way.
a. True
b. False
61. Congress has declared that all offenses committed by juveniles are federal offenses.
a. True
b. False
62. In theory, juvenile proceedings are designed to be non-adversarial.
a. True
b. False
63. Many police departments have special juvenile units.
a. True
b. False
64. Unlike regular police officers, juvenile officers exercise little discretion in processing offenders.
a. True
b. False
65. A juvenile cannot waive his right to counsel or protection against self-incrimination.
a. True
b. False
66. The juvenile function of police work is concerned largely with order maintenance.
a. True
b. False
67. A child's behavioral history affects the disposition of a case of juvenile delinquency.
a. True
b. False
68. A predominant goal within juvenile corrections is to avoid unnecessary incarceration.
a. True
b. False
69. Only 10% of juveniles are placed on probation and released to the custody of a parent or guardian.
a. True
b. False
70. Juvenile courts are simpler than adult courts.
a. True
b. False
71. Why have criminologists had difficulty explaining the rise in youth crime that peaked in 1993?
72. What is the role of the police is handling juvenile cases? Do police handle juveniles differently than adults?
73. The terms used to refer to juvenile offenders were changed (from arrest to referral; from sentence to disposition,
etc.). Why was this done, and did it do anything to help juveniles?
74. Ifthegoalofthejuvenilecourtistoprotectjuvenilesand“actasparent,”howmightyouexplainthemovement
toward punitiveness since the 1980's?
75. Based on recent case law, is it appropriate that juveniles cannot receive life sentences without the chance of parole
for non-homicide cases?
76. Based on case law, to what extent should school officials be permitted to conduct strip searches on students?
77. What new crimes does new technology pose to the Juvenile Justice System?
78. The system and philosophy of juvenile justice that began in the United States during the social reform period of the
late nineteenth century was based on the idea that the state should act as a ________ in advancing the interest of
the child.
a. parent
b. teacher
c. caretaker
d. spiritual advisor
79. Under the doctrine of _________, which held the king to be the father of the realm, the chancery courts exercised
protective jurisdiction over all children, particularly those involved in questions of dependency, neglect, and
property.
a. stubborn child law
b. parens patriae
c. Gault
d. In re Winship
Maria is a 16 year old Hispanic female from South Carolina who has been charged with assault with a deadly
weapon with intent to kill. Maria used a baseball bat to beat a classmate close to death leaving the victim with
brain damage. The judge will render her decision tomorrow if Maria should be tried as an adult or if the case she
stay within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court system. Currently, Maria is being held in an institution until an
appropriate decision can be made.
80. The judge in Maria's case will determine if she is to be tried in the adult court system. She will due this by issuing a
judicial _________.
a. diversion
b. warrant
c. judgement
d. waiver
81. If Maria's case stays within the juvenile justice system, she would be labeled a __________ child.
a. delinquent
b. neglected
c. dependent
d. pins
82. Maria will most likely not be waived to the adult court system due to the fact that waived cases only make up
________ percent of delinquency cases.
a. 1
b. 5
c. 8
d. 10
83. Maria is not released to go home with her parents. She is going to be held in a _________.
a. treatment facility
b. detention facility
c. substance abuse facility
d. prison
Will is a 15 year old man who was just arrested for truancy and shoplifting. He has never been in trouble before.
He participated in the crime due to peer pressure from his friends making fun of him for being "too good". Will's
parents are terrified that his poor decision making will ruin his future.
84. Will's truancy violation would be an example of a _________ offense.
a. criminal
b. juvenile
c. status
d. delinquent
85. Considering Will's truancy violation, he may be considered a ________, depending on the outcome of the
shoplifting case.
a. dependent
b. delinquent
c. neglected
d. PINS
86. Will's case will most likely begin with a referral in the form of a __________.
a. diversion
b. detention hearing
c. adjudication
d. petition
87. Will and his family are seeking a _________ where they could avoid the courtroom altogether.
a. adjudication
b. detention hearing
c. diversion
d. disposition
Tyson has just been adjudicated guilty for cyber stalking in the juvenile justice system in the state in which he
resides. This is his second offense. His first offense was dismissed. Tyson's actual crime included sending
threatening and lewd comments to a classmate on facebook. Tyson feels as though his responses were justified
comments that had been directed to him earlier in the year.
88. Tyson's delinquent behavior would actually be called ________.
a. cyberbullying
b. cybercrime
c. cyber control
d. cyber incentives
89. Tyson is not alone in his cyberbullying actions. He is one of _______ percent of juveniles who use their computers
to bully others.
a. 10
b. 20
c. 25
d. 30
90. _________ is the trial stage of the juvenile justice process.
a. Waiver
b. Transfer
c. Disposition
d. Adjudication
91. A ________ child either has no parent or guardian or is receiving inadequate care because of the physical or
mental disability of the parent.
a. neglected
b. PINS
c. dependent
d. delinquent
92. Status offenders make up about _________ percent of the juvenile court caseload.
a. 10
b. 20
c. 30
d. 40
93. The upper age limit for original juvenile court jurisdiction is _________.
a. 16
b. 17
c. 18
d. 19
94. Roper v. Simmons (2005) ruled that __________ were unconstitutional for crimes committed by those younger
than 18 years of age.
a. parole boards
b. executions
c. life sentences
d. boot camps
95. In Miller v. Alabama (2012) the Court deemed _________ unconstitutional for juvenile homicide offenders.
a. executions
b. probation
c. mandatory LWOP
d. boot camps
96. ___________ ruled that juvenile offenders cannot be sentenced to life imprisonment without possibility of parole
(LWOP) for non-homicide crimes.
97. The Supreme Court Case of ____________ extended due process rights to juveniles.
98. __________ are responsible for a significant amount of delinquency in communities and also have thrived within
the correctional facilities.
99. Community based options include _________, in which juvenile offenders live with families, usually for a short
period, and group homes, often privately run facilities for groups of 12 to 20 juvenile offenders.
100. Some communities hire _________, who provide counseling and a security presence in school buildings.
101. Sexting includes engaging in sexually explicit images via text messaging and cell phones.
a. True
b. False
102. Define and explain The Save the Child Movement. What specific court cases have increased support for working
the "child".
103. Devise a strategy to combat juvenile bullying in regards to cybercrime including sexting. How would you implement
such a program?
104. Why is diversion such an important part of the juvenile justice system? Why would members of society have
concerns with its use?
