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The standard of proof for juveniles to become classified as delinquents is "beyond a
reasonable doubt."
a. True
b. False
The Supreme Court has clearly defined the term "ineffective counsel."
a. True
b. False
Alex was recently found guilty of first degree murder. Based upon state law, the judge
was forced to use a system/guideline to determine the sentence that he was to receive.
Alex was sentenced to 25 years in prison. He will spend his time in a prison
approximately 25 miles from his home. Alex is thankful for this sentence because it was
a death penalty case.
Alex was charged with murder in the first degree, which is a felony. What jurisdiction
would have heard Alex's case?
a. specific
b. general
c. local
d. federal
Smoking cigarettes is a status offense for a juvenile.
a. True
b. False
_____________ later became known as the "royal prerogative of mercy" in England.
a. Pardon
b. expungement
c. clemency
d. forgiveness
Only 10% of juveniles are placed on probation and released to the custody of a parent
or guardian.
a. True
b. False
Influential theory about increases in fear and crime within neighborhoods when there is
insufficient police attention to seemingly minor public order offenses such as
vandalism,loitering, aggressive panhandling, and prostitution.
a. learning theory
b. broken windows theory
c. differential learning association
d. social control theory
The State of Michigan v. Christopher Jones illustrated
a. the importance of selecting open-minded jurors
b. the difficulties of proving guilt in a rape case
c. the prosecutor's use of multiple charges to pressure defendants to plead guilty
d. circumstantial evidence cannot be used to convict an offender
The values and norms shared by members of a particular court community about how
cases should be handled, and the way court officials should behave is called the
a. workgroup culture
b. docket culture
c. grouping culture
d. local legal culture
Which of the following is a necessary element in the definition of rape?
a. physical evidence
b. witnesses
c. alcohol use
d. force
Defendants whose cases are processed through the lower court assembly line appear to
receive
a. severe punishment
b. moderate punishment
c. little or no punishment
d. none of the above
Jeff frequently visits the local bar on his way home from his second shift factory job.
He and his coworkers will often have a beer or two before going home for the night.
Jeff and his friends are anxious to arrive to the bar on this particular night due to his
favorite NFL team playing. He hopes they will arrive to view the fourth quarter of the
game. As he enters the bar, he notes a group of noisy, obnoxious rival fans that had one
too many drinks. Jeff ask the group to quiet down so he could hear the game. He was
immediately approached by the members of the group asking if they wanted to make an
issue of the game. Before Jeff could answer, one member of the group throws a punch.
Within minutes, a full bar brawl has ensued. Jeff ends up with a fractured skull, which
has resulted in brain damage.
Jeff was the first individual to speak with authority to the group that eventually harmed
him. This would be known as ________.
a. victim precipitation
b. revictimization
c. repetitive victimization
d. victimization
Which of the following is TRUE about the due process rights of juveniles?
a. juveniles have none of the due process rights guaranteed to adults
b. juveniles have all of the due process rights guaranteed to adults
c. juveniles have all of the due process rights guaranteed to adults plus additional rights
d. juveniles only have some of the due process rights guaranteed to adults
According to your text's companion website, in the two stageprocess of determining a
day fine, a judge looks at
a. the type of offense and income of the offender
b. age and the income of offender
c. gender and the type of offense
d. age and gender
Which of the following indicates that for a crime to occur there must be an act of
commission or omission by the accused?
a. mens rea
b. inchoate offense
c. defamation
d. actus reus
Men's and women's prison culture both result in inmates adopting roles as surrogate
families for other inmates.
a. True
b. False
State legislators always support increases in funding for education programs within the
prison system because of their success in reducing recidivism.
a. True
b. False
Ethan was arrested for public drunkeness and lewd and lascivious behavior after
attending his close friend's bachelor party. This is his first encounter with the criminal
justice system. He works as a project manager with a local construction company. Ethan
has been involved with his girlfriend for three years. His attorney has reached an
agreement with the prosecutor to reduce his sentence to probation.
Based upon the wedding cake model, which layer would Ethan's case fall under?
a. Layer 1
b. Layer 2
c. Layer 3
d. Layer 4
Miranda warnings were established by the Supreme Court in Weeks v. U.S. (1914).
a. True
b. False
The second aspect of the working personality is the need to exert authority.
a. True
b. False
High-profile criminal cases are an accurate picture of the nature of crime in the United
States.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is TRUE concerning internal affairs?
a. internal affairs maintains formal mechanisms for the public to register complaints
b. internal affairs never view complaints as attacks on the entire department
c. internal affairs usually focuses on grand corruption
d. it is difficult for internal affairs to get officers to provide information
Which of the following is NOT one of the main forensic tools used by police?
a. fingerprints
b. blood
c. hair
d. genetic coding
Christina is a single mother of two children. She grew up in a home filled with
violence. Her mother was frequently high on crack cocaine as she entered her teen
years. Christina's dad has not been a part of her life since she was four. She vowed to
herself that she would never allow her children to be raised in a home like she grew up
in. Christina married her high school boyfriend and had a son and a daughter. She
worked as a nursing assistant and life was going well for her until her husband left her
for another woman. Christina feel into a massive depression that was only relieved with
alcohol and other illegal drugs. Christina started selling drugs and herself to maintain
her habit until she was arrested by an undercover officer. She is currently serving a six
year prison sentence.
Freda Adler would theorize that Christina committed her crimes because women are
seeking ________.
a. equality
b. transition
c. financial gain
d. structure
Juvenile courts are simpler than adult courts.
a. True
b. False
In North Carolina v. Alford (1970),the Court ruled that
a. when a guilty plea rests on a promise of a prosecutor, it must be fulfilled
b. defendants must uphold the plea agreement or suffer the consequences
c. a plea of guilty may be accepted for the purpose of a lesser sentence by a defendant
who maintains his or her innocence
d. defendants must state that they are voluntarily making a plea of guilty
Passive electronic monitoring systems send constant streams of information to the
receiver.
a. True
b. False
The fear of crime is fed by
a. television
b. news media
c. personal communication in social networks
d. all of the above
Federal law enforcement agencies in the United States are part of the legislative branch.
a. True
b. False
The Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution forbids the use of excessive
bail.
a. True
b. False
Warden Campbell is having a difficult time recruiting qualified correctional officers. He
has also had a difficult time maintaining job satisfaction with his current employees. He
is working with other Wardens within the state to review possible incentives for all
correctional staff. He has found that there is a huge shortage of staff that would be
considered minorities including women.
As Warden Campbell tries to increase his pursuit of women and minorities, he needs to
be aware that female correctional officers with low levels of job satisfaction will report
greater _______"
a. pay
b. job stress
c. promotions
d. incentives
Eli is a public defender who is representing his client in a first degree murder case. A
plea arrangement could not be arranged, so the case is going to trial. In a matter of
weeks, Eli will be forced to help seat a jury. He is hoping to have a chance to sit jurors
that will sympathize with his client, whom grew up in abject poverty and has a low iq.
Eli is not sure what the outcome to this case may be considering there is not an
eyewitness to this case.
If a prospective juror states that all people who are poor are just lazy and deserve to be
in prison, Eli can request that the juror is removed by requesting a ________.
a. peremptory challenge
b. challenge for cause
c. voir dire
d. dismissal
Who created the theory of differential association?
a. Sigmund Freud
b. James Q. Wilson
c. Cesare Lombroso
d. Edwin Sutherland
A set of emotional and behavioral characteristics developed by members of an
occupational group in response to a work situation and environmental influences is
called the
a. authoritative personality
b. policeman's personality
c. socialization personality
d. subculture personality
Many legislators, prosecutors, and judges have abandoned rehabilitation as a goal.
a. True
b. False
Through the process of ____ the Supreme Court during the Warren Court era declared
that elements of the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Eighth, and other amendments were part of the
due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
British police officers were called _________after Sir Robert Peel.
The ______ unit is a branch of a police department that receives and investigates
complaints alleging violations of rules and policies on the part of officers.
Explain the difference between murder and manslaughter.
The _____ was passed after the attacks on September 11, 2001 increased
governmental power to search and surveil those suspected of committing terrorism.
What issues impact on the difficulty of recruiting correctional officers?
The _________process is a major factor in delaying executions.
_____ is the conditional release of the offender into the community, under the
supervision of correctional officials.
The __________ period of juvenile justice viewed the offending child as evil.
The ______model argues that someone lives and how a person spends leisure time
determines where the likelihood of becoming a victim of crime.
The local view of the proper sentence is called the _____________.
The different types of patrol are foot, bicycle, and ______________patrol
The key component of the entrapment defense is the defendant's __________to commit
a crime.
Which model of corrections do you think would be most successful at reducing criminal
behavior following incarceration?
Curfew violations and loitering are referred to as __________crimes.
The criminal justice process may be viewed as a _____ process through which cases
are screened.
