1. Which of the following is TRUE regarding community corrections?
a. offenders assigned to community corrections have committed offenses that are not serious
b. community supervision is more expensive than incarceration
c. the rates of recidivism for those under community supervision are higher than those who go to prison
d. community supervision is more destructive to the offender than going to prison
2. Community corrections assumes that
a. only the offender needs to change
b. only the community needs to change
c. both the offender and the community need to adapt
d. the offender and the community do not need to adapt
3. The goal of community corrections is based on
a. punishing the offender as severely as possible
b. teaching the offender to resist temptation by increasing the offender’s contact with the criminal world
c. punishing the offender with the least restrictive alternative
d. the idea that punishment is wrong
4. Which of the following is NOT true about home confinement?
a. home confinement is problematic because crimes can be committed from the home
b. electronic monitoring in home confinement is more expensive than imprisonment
c. home confinement raises the issue of the right to privacy because governmental corrections supervision has
invaded a private home
d. electronic monitoring in home confinement may involve technical problems with the effectiveness of the
equipment
5. The historical roots of probation can be traced to the
a. procedures of community supervision in France
b. procedures for reprieves and pardons of early English courts
c. procedures for forgiveness of the Spanish courts
d. procedures of shock probation in Russian courts
6. The world’s first probation officer was
a. James Ferguson, an Irish police officer
b. Sir Robert Peel, head of the London police
c. O.W. Wilson, an American police chief
d. John Augustus, a Boston bootmaker
7. Probation is defined as
a. home confinement
b. electronic monitoring
c. a short jail sentence
d. supervised release under specified conditions
8. Which of the following is TRUE about probation?
a. probation is only used in combination with fines
b. probation is only used in combination with restitution
c. probation is only used in combination with community
d. probation is used in combination with fines, restitution, and community service
9. The number of probationers currently under supervision has reached a
a. record low and is decreasing
b. record high and is increasing
c. record low, but is slowly starting to increase
d. record high, but is starting to decrease
10. Which of the following is a challenge faced by probation officers?
a. caseloads are increasingly smaller
b. they must prioritize certain individuals over others
c. risk classification methods are rarely used
d. most probations are on electronic monitoring
11. Which of the following is a technical violation that would cause an offenders’ probation to be revoked?
a. violating curfew
b. failing a drug test
c. using alcohol
d. all of the above could be used to revoke probation
12. At a combined probation revocation and sentencing hearing, the probationer is
a. not permitted to attend
b. being tried on new criminal charges
c. subject to a “three strikes” life sentence
d. entitled to be represented by counsel
13. Like parole revocation, probation revocation
a. must be decided in a full jury trial
b. cannot be considered unless a new crime has been committed
c. cannot be considered unless three conditions are violated
d. requires a two-stage hearing process
14. How much does the public support the use of community-based punishments rather than prison for nonviolent
offenders?
a. most citizens strongly support their use
b. few citizens support their use
c. most citizens are opposed to their use
d. mostcitizensreportthatthey“don’tcare”abouttheseoffenders
15. Because of the costs associated with probation, which of the following statements concerning probation are true?
a. all states use probation for serious offenders in the same way
b. states only use probation for misdemeanor offenders
c. states never use probation for serious offenders
d. some states are increasingly considering the use of probation for more serious offenders
16. Which of the following is true concerning intermediate sanctions?
a. judges use intermediate sanctions that only require a low level of control over the offender
b. judges use intermediate sanctions that only require a high level of control over the offender
c. judges use intermediate sanctions that require no control over the offender
d. judges use a range of intermediate sanctions requiring a low level to high level of control over the offenders
17. What is the most likely punishment for a traffic violation?
a. incarceration
b. restitution
c. fines
d. forfeiture
18. Which branch of government administers the intermediate sanctions of fines, restitution, and forfeiture?
a. Executive
b. Legislature
c. Judiciary
d. Bureaucracy
19. Where is one most likely to find extensive use of day fines?
a. United States
b. Europe
c. Asia
d. South America
20. Which of the following is true about the collection of fines?
a. Courts consider them a priority
b. Europe imposes them more than the United States
c. only the United States uses fines as punishment
d. they are always based upon the offender’s income
21. Repayment by an offender to a victim who has suffered some form of financial loss is called
a. shock probation
b. home arrest
c. recidivism
d. restitution
22. Accordingtoyourtext’scompanionwebsite,HowdojudgesdeterminetheamountofdayfinesinGermany?
a. they use guidelines that equate money to time spent incarcerated
b. theyuseaflatrateequalto40%oftheoffender’ssalary
c. they select a random value
d. they ask the offender what he/she is able to pay
23. Accordingtoyourtext’scompanionwebsite,inthetwostageprocessofdeterminingadayfine,ajudgelooksat
a. the type of offense and income of the offender
b. age and the income of offender
c. gender and the type of offense
d. age and gender
24. The United States Supreme Court has decided that forfeitures
a. may sometimes violate the Excessive Fines Clause of the Eighth Amendment
b. always violate the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
c. can never result from a judicial order
d. can involve homes but not automobiles
25. When can home confinement be used in the criminal justice system?
a. during the pretrial period
b. after a short term in jail or prison
c. as a condition of probation
d. as a condition of parole
26. Which of the following are likely to be used as community service?
a. cleaning laundry while incarcerated
b. working part-time at McDonald’s
c. wearing an electronic monitoring device
d. cleaning parks and roadsides
27. A drug treatment program in which offenders must visit for daily drug testing would be classified as
a. Intensive Supervision Probation
b. a halfway house
c. home confinement
d. any of the above could incorporate this
28. Another name for boot camp is
a. shock incarceration
b. military indoctrination
c. part-time incarceration
d. inside/outside programming
29. Which of the following is TRUE about boot camps?
a. they significantly reduce recidivism
b. they help to reduce prison overcrowding
c. boot camp graduates are less likely to commit new crimes
d. there are more boot camps running every year
30. Which of the following is true concerning community corrections?
a. community corrections receive considerable public support
b. community corrections suffer from an image of being “soft on crime”
c. localities have a surplus of resources for community corrections
d. community corrections is declining
31. A return to criminal behavior is called ____________________.
32. A conditional sentence allowing the offender to serve the sanctions imposed by the court while having free
movement within the community is called ____________________.
33. ________ is considered the first probation officer in the United States.
34. The ____________________ model emphasis reparation to the victim and the community, approaching crime
from a problem-solving perspective.
35. In ____________________ v. ____________________, the Supreme Court ruled that probationers have the
right to an attorney.
36. Probation can be revoked when a probationer commits a new crime or a ____________________.
37. A sum of money paid to the state by a convicted person as punishment is called a(n) ____________________.
38. Repayment by an offender to a victim is called ____________________.
39. Seizure by the government of property and other assets is called ____________________.
40. A sentence requiring the offender to remain inside his or her home during specified periods is called
__________________.
41. There are two types of ISP: probation diversion and ____________________ diversion.
42. Short termed intense Boot camps are also referred to as ____________________.
43. Intermediate sanctions suffer from the image of being ____________________.
44. ____________________ occurs when the use of intermediate sanctions results in more people coming under the
control of the criminal justice system than would have otherwise.
45. Rates of ___________________ for those ending a community corrections sentence are about the same as those
offenders leaving prison.
46. Community corrections recognizes that factors within the community that encourage criminal behavior can never be
changed.
a. True
b. False
47. Persons on probation can refuse drug tests because they maintain the Fourth Amendment right to privacy.
a. True
b. False
48. States can use probation for more serious offenses such as robbery or assault.
a. True
b. False
49. Probation works best when the judge and the supervising officer have close contact.
a. True
b. False
50. A problem for probation officers is their heavy caseload.
a. True
b. False
51. People on probation have no constitutional rights.
a. True
b. False
52. The revocation of probation cannot result in incarceration.
a. True
b. False
53. Over half of probationers have no direct contact with their probation officer.
a. True
b. False
54. Intermediate sanctions are not used as often as they could be in the United States.
a. True
b. False