1. In England, when groups of families agreed to uphold the law, keep order, and bring violators to a court, this was
called the
a. bobbies
b. frankpledge
c. commissioners
d. service
2. In London, police commissioners named after Sir Robert Peel were called
a. peelers
b. robbers
c. berts
d. bobbies
3. In 1285 England, what group of people developed a system whereby people within each community were chosen to
apprehend criminals?
a. Fielding Amendment
b. Metropolitan Police Act
c. Parish-Constable watch system
d. Progressives
4. Which historical era involved close ties between the police and local leaders of government?
a. The Political Era
b. The Professional Era
c. The Community Policing Era
d. The Reform Era
5. The historical period of policing known as the political era occurred between
a. 1790-1820
b. 1820-1840
c. 1840-1920
d. 1920-1970
6. The political era of policing was characterized by
a. civil service selection of officers
b. the introduction of automobile patrol and two-way radios
c. hiring of officers through connections to elected officials
d. urban riots
7. Which historical era was influenced by the Progressives?
a. The Political Era
b. The Professional Era
c. The Community Policing Era
d. The Reform Era
8. Which of the following is NOT an element of the model of professional policing?
a. laws should be enforced equally
b. the police force should use new technology
c. the police force should be actively involved in politics
d. personnel procedures should be based on merit
9. Which of the following was a leading advocate of professionalism within law enforcement?
a. George Kelling
b. Catherine Coles
c. O. W. Wilson
d. Sir John Fielding
10. The community-based model of policing occurred between
a. 1790-1820
b. 1820-1840
c. 1840-1920
d. 1970-present
11. In their article entitled “Broken Windows: The Police and Neighborhood Safety,” James Q. Wilson and George
Kelling argued that police should work more on
a. the most significant problems such as catching violent repeat offenders in the act
b. the little problems such as maintaining order
c. ending corruption within the police force
d. being more involved with local political leaders
12. When police arrest subway fare beaters, loiterers, and panhandlers, they are focusing on
a. quality-of-life crimes
b. quantity-of-arrest crimes
c. common law crimes
d. mens rea crimes
13. Throughout the United States, police are characterized by
a. fragmentation and a national orientation
b. consolidation and a national orientation
c. fragmentation and a local orientation
d. consolidation and a local orientation
14. The Federal Bureau of Investigation came to prominence under the leadership of
a. James Q. Wilson
b. Franklin Roosevelt
c. Sir Robert Peel
d. J. Edgar Hoover
15. All but which of the following areas is a priority of the FBI?
a. organized crime
b. Lesser value blue collar crime
c. terrorism
d. political corruption
16. A police function that is a broad mandate to prevent behavior that disturbs the peace or involves face-to-face
conflict is called
a. law enforcement
b. order maintenance
c. service
d. departmental
17. If police officers provide first aid, rescue animals, or help the homeless, this is an example of which police function?
a. law enforcement
b. order maintenance
c. service
d. departmental
18. According to public opinion polls, which function is most important in the minds of citizens?
a. law enforcement
b. order maintenance
c. service
d. departmental
19. Which of the following is TRUE concerning police policy?
a. police have unlimited resources
b. officers are not limited in terms of how they investigate and pursue lawbreakers
c. decisions about how police resources will be used affect who gets arrested
d. police tend to de-emphasize their role as crime fighters
20. Which of James Q. Wilson’s styles of policing is marked by professionalism and emphasis on law enforcement?
a. watchman
b. service
c. suburban
d. legalistic
21. What is the highest level person or organization that has a say over how police apply the law?
a. United States Supreme Court
b. police commissioners
c. United States attorney generals
d. the officer on the scene
22. Which of the following is TRUE about the use of discretion by a police officer?
a. the more serious a crime is to the public, the more freedom officers have to ignore it
b. the closer the relationship between the alleged criminal and the victim, the more variable the use of discretion
c. policies of the police always promote the use of more discretion
d. a suspect who is very hostile is less likely to be arrested by an officer
23. Studiesofpolicepracticesregardingdomesticviolencethatoccurredbeforethewomen’smovementfoundthat
a. stopping violence against women was a high priority of police
b. police were less likely to intervene when wives were victimized by their husbands
c. most male police officers beat their wives
d. police chiefs prohibited officers from ever making arrests
24. A strategy for addressing domestic violence that is supported by some research is
a. make arrests in all cases
b. bring a marriage therapist to the scene of all family fights
c. make arrests only when the abuser has a prior record
d. remove the victim from the home and then place the victim in a homeless shelter
25. Highly publicized cases of women receiving injuries in the presence of police showed that
a. police should become less involved with matters of domestic violence
b. police should maintain existing policies in regard to matters of domestic violence
c. domestic violence should be handled privately
d. domestic violence is not a serious problem in America
26. Which of the following best describes the relationship of police to minorities?
a. friendly
b. peaceful
c. cooperative
d. difficult
27. Which of the following constitute “special populations”?
a. homeless
b. drug addicts
c. runaways
d. all of the above
28. ________ policing may lead to a greater willingness of residents of minority neighborhoods to report crimes and
assist investigations.
a. Same race
b. Different race
c. Same Sex
d. None of the above
29. The recognition that the control of crime cannot rest solely with the police illustrates the idea of
a. police abuse of power
b. community crime prevention
c. negative attitudes toward police
d. the increased role of victims in crime prevention
30. The ____________________ system required that groups of ten families agree to uphold the law.
31. British police officers were called ____________________ after Sir Robert Peel.
32. The ____________________ era of policing involved close ties between elected officials and police.
33. The ____________________ era of policing aimed to separate the police department from the political system.
34. The theory that “little problems” can lead to larger crime problems for neighborhoods is called
____________________.
35. The next era of policing will likely be focused on ____________________.
36. Every state except ____________________ has its own law enforcement agency.
37. The FBI is located within the Department of ____________________.
38. The Director of the FBI from 1924-1972 who was responsible for its prominence was ____________________.
39. The ____________________ is responsible for law enforcement in counties of the United States.
40. The function of the police that includes providing first aid and helping people is called the
____________________ function.
41. The ____________________ style of police is marked by professionalism and an emphasis on law enforcement.
42. ____________________ officers have the most discretion.
43. Prior to 1970, domestic violence was viewed as a ____________________ affair.
44. The_________________________modelfocusesonservingthecommunityratherthanthestrict“crime
fighting”philosophyofprioreras.
45. England has no national police force.
a. True
b. False
46. The United States has no national police force.
a. True
b. False
47. The roots of American policing lie in the French legal tradition.
a. True
b. False
48. United States marshals were the officials who tried to bring law and order to the western territories after the Civil
War.
a. True
b. False
49. The professional model of police argues that officers should use technology.
a. True
b. False
50. During the professional policing era, the Progressives were mainly upper-middle class educated Americans.
a. True
b. False
51. The political policing era relied heavily on patronage.
a. True
b. False
52. Increasing the number of patrol officers does not have much effect on the crime rate.
a. True
b. False
53. The community policing model argues that it is easy to improve the percentage of crimes solved.
a. True
b. False
54. Advocates of the community policing approach believe in focusing only on the most serious crimes.
a. True
b. False
55. Federal law enforcement agencies in the United States are part of the legislative branch.
a. True
b. False
56. After September 11, 2001, the FBI changed its priorities include protecting the United States from terrorist attack.
a. True
b. False
57. Since September 11, 2001, United States law enforcement has decreased its presence in foreign countries.
a. True
b. False
58. Native American tribes are separate, sovereign nations with a significant degree of legal autonomy within the
United States.
a. True
b. False
59. The police system of the national government of France is more centralized than its counterpart in the United
States.
a. True
b. False
60. Laws regulating disorderly conduct deal with clear-cut situations.
a. True
b. False
61. When a crime is committed, delays can give the criminal an advantage in escaping capture by the police.
a. True
b. False
62. Public support for police budgets is greatest when police departments stress the service function.
a. True
b. False
63. The police can enforce every law and catch every lawbreaker if they have the resources.
a. True
b. False
64. The watchman style of policing stresses order maintenance.
a. True
b. False
65. Police officers have considerable discretion.
a. True
b. False
66. Before the 1970s, police departments treated domestic violence as a serious criminal matter.
a. True
b. False
67. The most likely victims of domestic violence are younger women from low-income families.
a. True
b. False
68. Abusive husbands who are arrested and briefly jailed are more likely to commit acts of domestic violence again.
a. True
b. False
69. Police policy regarding domestic violence has changed as a result of lawsuits filed against police departments by
injured women.
a. True
b. False
70. Discuss two political values or social conditions that are currently shaping American policing.
71. Which function of policing do you think is most likely to help reduce crime? Provide some examples of how this
function would reach this goal.
72. There is significant evidence that minority citizens in the United States have less faith in the police than Caucasian
citizens do. In your opinion, why do you think this difference has occurred?
73. Explain two functions police perform in our American society and how the public perceives their performances.
74. What problems are created by the existence of police discretion? Can police discretion be controlled?
75. How can advancements in technologies for both the citizen and police assist police?
76. What impact do budgetary constraints have on community policing?
77. Organized forces to prevent slave revolts and to catch runaway slaves. These patrols had full power to break into
the homes of slaves who were suspected of keeping arms, to physically punish those who did not obey their orders,
and to arrest runaways.
a. watch system
b. slave patrols
c. sheriff
d. US Marshals
78. The International Criminal Police Organization through which countries cooperate in investigating crimes, especially
situations in which lawbreakers have crossed international borders or participated in multicountry criminal activities.
a. FBI
b. CIA
c. Interpol
d. DEA
79. Law enforcement agencies that serve colleges and universities.
a. Interpol
b. local municipalities
c. native american tribal police
d. special jurisdiction agencies
80. Which of the following is not a factor of police discretion?
a. The nature of the crime.
b. The relationship between the alleged criminal and the victim.
c. The relationship between the police and the criminal or victim.
d. The relationship between the officer and his supervisor.
81. Which of the following is not an operational unit of police departments?
a. patrol
b. traffic
c. courts
d. vice
82. The Crime Stoppers Program is designed to enlist public help in solving crimes.
a. True
b. False
83. Complex bureaucracies such as police departments depend on clearly stated rules and _______ to guide officers.
84. Themilitarycharacterofpolicedepartmentsisillustratedbythe___________accordingtoranks—officer,
commander, sergeant, lieutenant, captain, major, and chief
85. The _________ function applies to situations in which the law has been violated and the offender needs to be
identified or located and then apprehended.
86. The ________ function is a broad mandate to prevent behavior that either disturbs or threatens to disturb the
peace or involves face-to-face conflict among two or more people.
87. Every state has its own law enforcement agency with __________.
88. __________ is an approach to policing, in conjunction with concerns about homeland security, that emphasizes
gathering and analyzing information to be shared among agencies in order to develop cooperative effort to identify,
prevent, and solve problems.
89. The ________ is the top law enforcement official in county government who was an exceptionally important police
officialduringthecountry’swestwardexpansionandcontinuestobearprimaryresponsibilityformanylocaljails.
90. Explain James Q. Wilson’s Broken Windows Theory. Give an example of when and where the theory could be put
into practice.
91. Explain the duties and priorities of the FBI.
Kasey is a FBI agent and has worked in the department for 6 years. Prior to her tenure with the FBI, she worked
for her local city police department for 4 years. She plans to retire with the FBI within 20 years. Kasey has had
the opportunity to work in various capacities while working for the FBI such as fighting terrorism and violent crime.
92. Kasey is employed by the FBI; therefore she works for what type of law enforcement agency?
a. federal
b. state
c. county
d. municipal
93. Kasey worked for her local city police department before becoming an FBI agent. While working for the city
police department, Kasey worked for which type of law enforcement?
a. federal
b. state
c. county
d. municipal
94. Which of the following is not a duty that Kasey would participate in as an FBI agent?
a. foreign intelligence operations
b. upgrading technology
c. defending those prosecuted by the government
d. supporting international partners
95. Kasey is one of how many FBI agents with arrest powers.
a. 120,348
b. 1,020,348
c. 1,200,348
d. 102,384
Adrian has worked for two different municipal police department in the course of his career due to career move his
wife made, which forced Adrian to move to a new state. Adrian worked for the first department for 10 years. He
enjoyed his position very much. He felt very comfortable with his sergeant all they way up to the chief. They ran
a very professional department and expected many arrest for misdemeanors and traffic violations. When Adrian
switched departments in his new state, he noticed a very different style of policing. He was working in a nice
suburban area, which required him to answer calls that, he felt, were more social service type calls. This new
department forced him to develop a new style of policing.
96. Adrian mentions how he felt comfortable with his supervisors from the lowest rung to the highest rung. This is
known as the _________.
a. chain of operations
b. operations command
c. chain of command
d. bureaucracy
97. The first department that Adrian worked for required him to work for arrest and uphold the letter of the law. This
is an example of which style law enforcement.
a. watchman
b. legalistic
c. service
d. law enforcement
98. Adrian’s second department requires that their officers are sensitive to the community that they serve. This would
be an example of which style law enforcement?
a. watchman
b. legalistic
c. service
d. law enforcement
Sarah is the responding officer at a domestic violence call. Upon arrival she is informed by the female of the home
that her ex husband has violated a protective order and entered her home. He held a gun to her head and
threatened to kill her if she did not allow him to move back into the home with her. There are two children in the
home and at this moment, the suspect has left the scene. This is the fourth time Sarah has responded to this home
in the last two months.
99. Sarah must determine how to apply the law to this domestic call. Should she refer the woman to a social service
agency or should she actively look for the suspect who violated the protection order? Trying to make the proper
decision in this situation is known as _________.
a. arraignment
b. discretion
c. detainment
d. arrest
100. Which of the following is most likely not a characteristic of the victim Sarah responds to in this domestic call?
a. female
b. low income
c. African American
d. male
101. Although Sarah has a great deal of discretion when on the scene of the crime, once she has filed charges, the
_______ will decide to prosecute.
a. defense
b. prosecution
c. judge
d. jury