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The purpose of drug courts is to divert substance abusers away from incarceration.
a. True
b. False
Public defenders often have trouble gaining the trust and cooperation of their clients
because their clients know that they are paid by the state.
a. True
b. False
Officer Castro notices a car in front of him driving at a slow rate of speed. The driver
seems to be driving erratically. Officeer Castro activates his blue lights and attempts to
pull the car over. The driver continues to drive for approximately two additional miles
before pulling over. When Officer Castro slowly approaches the car, he smells what
appears to be a heavy fragrance of what seems to be marijuana. The driver has dilated
eyes and slurred speech. There are a total of four individuals in the car.
Officer Castro would not need probable cause to search the vehicle if the driver gave
Officer Castro permission to search. This would be known as a _________search.
a. exigent circumstance
b. illegal
c. stop-and-frisk
d. consent
Scholars focused on income policies and social fairness would recommend criminal
justice policies that
a. criminalize the dangerous acts of the poor
b. create a correctional system that offers no dignity
c. establish economic and social justice
d. all of these
The police system of the national government of France is more centralized than its
counterpart in the United States.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is NOT true concerning the role of a prosecutor?
a. a prosecutor has considerable discretion in the criminal justice system
b. a prosecutor is influenced by other actors in the criminal justice system
c. a prosecutor has independent authority to decide how to handle each case
d. a prosecutor has limited influence in the early stages of the criminal justice process
Prosecutors who purport to ban plea bargaining often do not acknowledge that
exceptions exist and that charge bargaining and other negotiated resolutions continue to
occur.
a. True
b. False
Italian-Americans are responsible for all organized crime.
a. True
b. False
Private firms are not allowed to hire public police officers.
a. True
b. False
Most criminal laws are written by state legislatures and enforced by state agencies.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is FALSE concerning prison managers?
a. they cannot select their own clients
b. they do not control the release of their clients
c. they rely on clients to do most of the work
d. they are not dependent on maintenance of satisfactory relationships between clients
and staff
The state court system is only fragmented. Which of the following is not a solution to
create a united court system?
a. eliminating overlapping and conflicting jurisdictional boundaries
b. creating a hierarchical and centralized court structure with a chief justice
c. having the courts funded by state government
d. joining both civil and criminal courts together
Community corrections recognizes that factors within the community that encourage
criminal behavior can never be changed.
a. True
b. False
The Anglo-American system of uncodified law, in which judges follow precedents set
by earlier decisions when they decide new but similiar cases.
a. written law
b. statutes
c. common law
d. case law
The criminal justice system is designed to control crime by arresting, prosecuting,
convicting, and ____those who disobey the law.
a. punishing
b. sentencing
c. correcting
d. instructing
The underlying source of American law is the common law of England.
a. True
b. False
State____________ are typically composed of citizens who are appointed for fixed
terms in office by the governor.
a. prisons
b. halfway houses
c. parole boards
d. probation boards
According to the Lifestyle Exposure Model, which of the following does not affect
victimization?
a. exposure
b. associations
c. lifestyle
d. adaptations
e. self-control
Community Corrections lacks public support.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is true regarding the changing profile of a police officer?
a. the large majority of police officers are racial or ethnic minorities
b. today almost 1 in 2 officers is female
c. the percentage of women has not changed since the 1970s
d. the percentage of women had doubled since the 1970s but females still only comprise
about 12 %
Shelby was recently found not guilty of strong armed robbery. She had a jury trial that
ruled in her favor. Moments after the ruling came down, Shelby turned and looked at
the jury and said, "Ha, ha, I am guilty and there is nothing you can do about it now".
The jurors were shocked and wanted to change their verdict. Shelby laughed all the way
home.
Shelby cannot be retried for the same crime in the same jurisdiction based upon
_________.
a. incorporation
b. fundamental fairness
c. self-incrimination
d. double jeopardy
For purpose of apprehending criminal offenders, which of the following is TRUE
concerning weapons technology?
a. The United States Supreme Court forbids the use of nonlethal weapons against
suspected criminals
b. Nonlethal weapons cannot be used against prisoners
c. nonlethal weapons would most likely be used on suspects who might be harmful to
themselves or others
d. nonlethal weapons are being developed for suspects who are not dangerous
Prisoners in this type of facility typically spend up to 23 hours per day in their cell:
a. maximum security
b. supermaximum security
c. minimum security
d. boot camps
Which two decisions by the Supreme Court laid the foundation for
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)?
a. Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) and Massiah v. U. S. (1964)
b. Mapp v. Ohio (1961) and Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
c. Wolf v. Colorado (1949) and Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
d. Wolf v. Colorado (1949) and Rochin v. California (1952)
Mike was sitting in his home watching a late night baseball game when he heard what
sounded like someone trying to break into his home. He immediately went to his closet
and retrieved his 9mm. Within seconds, two men broke through the door armed with
their own guns. Mike quickly shot both men and immediately called law enforcement.
When first responders arrived on scene both men were pronounced dead. Mike was in
shock that he actually was responsible for the death of two men. Within 6 months, Mike
was informed he was being sued by one of the deceased intruder's family; he was being
sued for wrongful death. Mike wondered if his rights would be validated.
The __________ will protect Mike from being charged and protect his due process
rights.
a. US Constitution
b. State Constitution
c. Magna Carta
d. Articles of Confederation
Slate recently received evidence, from discovery, for his client who is awaiting trial for
armed robbery and attempted murder. There are two eye witness accounts, which
identifies Slate's client. There is also the weapon used in the crime and gunshot shells.
Slates is convinced his client is going to have a long trial ahead of him.
Slate states that his client has has eye witness testimony, which states that his client
committed the crime. What type of evidence would this be considered?
a. real evidence
b. demonstrative evidence
c. direct evidence
d. circumstantial evidence
Only about one percent of habeas corpus petitions are successful.
a. True
b. False
Which term is used to define a model of justice that focuses on repairing damage done
to the victim and the community?
a. Reparations
b. Rehabilitation
c. Retribution
d. Incapacitation
In what case did the Court decide that the "plain view" doctrine permits officers to
notice and use as evidence items that are visible to them when they are in a location that
they are permitted to be?
a. Coolidge v. New Hampshire (1971)
b. Hester v. U.S. (1924)
c. Minnesota v. Dickerson (1993)
d. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
The practice under which judges grant releases if the defendant is employed and has
roots in the community is called
a. citation
b. preventive detention
c. release on recognizance
d. preventive assumption
Which of the following landmark United States Supreme Court cases required courts to
provide attorneys for poor defendants facing the death penalty?
a. Furman v. Georgia (1972)
b. Weeks v. United States (1914)
c. Barron v. Baltimore (1833)
d. Powell v. Alabama (1932)
