The political era of policing was characterized by
a. civil service selection of officers
b. the introduction of automobile patrol and two-way radios
c. hiring of officers through connections to elected officials
d. urban riots
According to the lifestyle exposure model, who is most likely to be victimized because
of where they live and how they spend their leisure time?
a. elderly white females
b. elderly white males
c. elderly black females
d. young black males
e. young white males
What strategy do corrections officers employ to gain voluntary cooperation from
prisoners?
a. brute force
b. withholding food
c. flexible enforcement of rules
d. rigid enforcement of rules
According to your text, the most important factor in the decision to take a case to trial is
likely to be the
a. seriousness of the charge
b. previous record of the defendant
c. quality of the defense attorney
d. ideology of the judge
Dominic is currently a successful high school teacher. When Dominic was 17 years old
he was recruited by a gang. He joined the gang in order to establish a sense of
belonging. Dominic went through the initiation process when he found out that his last
“duty” was to rob a local gas station at gunpoint. Dominic went into the store, but
readily noticed that his old high school football coach was standing in line to check out.
Dominic went up to the coach, who he has always had a special relationship with, and
told him what he just about to do. The coach immediately was able to get Dominic
assistance to get out of the gang. He was able to attend a different school in a different
county, which eventually lead to a college degree. Dominic always wonders what would
have happened if he had ventured deeper in the gang style.
Dominic has high, prominent cheekbones. This physical attribute in a criminal would be
considered a _________.
a. criminogenic trait
b. psychoanalytic trait
c. antisocial trait
d. sociopath
Miranda warnings must be issued in written form and signed or initialed by the suspect.
a. True
b. False
A court-appointed special advocate is someone who
a. serves jury duty
b. acts as a judge in special courts
c. has no official legal training
d. must complete law school before serving
Which of the following signaled a new round of reform in prisons by focusing on the
goal of punishment as the moral regeneration of criminals?
a. Cincinnati Declaration of Principles
b. Declaration of Independence
c. New York Declaration of Prisons
d. Pennsylvania Declaration of Penology
The current position of The U.S. Supreme Court is that the death penalty is cruel and
unusual punishment, and therefore unconstitutional.
a. True
b. False
During the discovery process, it is legal for a prosecutor to hide from a defense attorney
any evidence that tends to show that the defendant is actually innocent.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the SARA strategy for problem
solving?
a. Scanning the social environment to identify problems
b. Analysis of the problem by collecting information
c. Response to the problem by developing and employing remedies
d. Assessment of the solutions to make addition recommendations
Judges have a variety of roles within the judicial system.
a. True
b. False
The rehabilitation model of corrections involved recommendations of behavior changes
from social scientists.
a. True
b. False
The educational level of new police recruits is a factor that influences who applies to be
a law enforcement officer.
a. True
b. False
The right to a fair trial is found in the
a. Third Amendment
b. Fourth Amendment
c. Fifth Amendment
d. Sixth Amendment
The size of women’s prisons and the number of women prisoners have contributed to
a. a lack of resources devoted to programs and rehabilitation
b. a culture dominated by gangs
c. an steady increase in prison violence
d. the creation of “wall-less” prisons
Boot camps put offenders through a 3-to-9-month physical regimen designed to develop
discipline and respect for authority.
a. True
b. False
Under common law, children were exempt from criminal responsibility until the age of
a. Three
b. Five
c. Seven
d. Ten
The occupation of “bail bondsman” is a job unique to the United States.
a. True
b. False
Inmates with low intelligence who are afflicted with psychological or physical
disabilities are referred to as
a. challenged inmates
b. bottom feeders
c. Gleaners
d. Jailers
A “true bill” coming from a grand jury and charging a suspect with a specific crime is
called a(n)
a. arrest
b. warrant
c. indictment
d. booking
Correctional officers have few resources or punishments at their disposal to achieve
institutional goals.
a. True
b. False
A parolee can be prevented from working as a bartender by a parole officer.
a. True
b. False
Jails house persons awaiting trial, or who have been sentenced to less than one year of
incarceration.
a. True
b. False
Dominic is currently a successful high school teacher. When Dominic was 17 years old
he was recruited by a gang. He joined the gang in order to establish a sense of
belonging. Dominic went through the initiation process when he found out that his last
“duty” was to rob a local gas station at gunpoint. Dominic went into the store, but
readily noticed that his old high school football coach was standing in line to check out.
Dominic went up to the coach, who he has always had a special relationship with, and
told him what he just about to do. The coach immediately was able to get Dominic
assistance to get out of the gang. He was able to attend a different school in a different
county, which eventually lead to a college degree. Dominic always wonders what would
have happened if he had ventured deeper in the gang style.
Dominic was encouraged to participate in gang behavior by his “friends”. Edwin
Sutherland referred to this as __________.
a. anomie
b. strain
c. differential association
d. process
Javier was recently tried and convicted of trafficking cocaine across state lines. He was
sentenced to a mandatory 10 year prison sentence. Javier is a citizen of Mexico;
however, he has been living in the US for the last several years with his wife and two
young children. Javier is serving his sentence single cell with little to no contact
throughout the day. The Warden seems to believe in old style punishment.
Once Javier completes his 10 year sentence, he will go through _________.
a. halfway house
b. parole
c. reformatory
d. deportation
Many citizens perceive that much of police misconduct may be hidden from public
view.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following statements is TRUE about how Americans refer to crime?
a. crime rates are increasing and Americans are not fearful of crime
b. crime rates are decreasing and Americans are not fearful of crime
c. crime rates are increasing and Americans are fearful of crime
d. crime rates are decreasing and Americans are fearful of crime
Which of the following statement is true regarding work as a judge?
a. judges usually have very low caseloads
b. the typical judge is a white female
c. all judges must have doctoral degrees to sit on the bench
d. judges are usually able to set their own schedule and work hours
According to Cole and Smith, which of the following is NOT an explanation for the
racial and ethnic disparities that exist within the criminal justice system?
a. minorities commit more crimes
b. the criminal justice system is racist
c. America is a racist society
d. All of the above can explain the disparities
Explain why does process is such a vital component to the modern day criminal justice
system.
_____ crimes are committed for ideological purposes.
_______are the officials responsible for the prosecution of crimes that violate the laws
of the United States; appointed by the president and assigned to a U.S. district court
jurisdiction.
Misdemeanors are at Layer ___________of the criminal justice wedding cake.
Based on information contained in your text’s companion website, parole conditions in
Japan are set partly by law and partly by __________________.
________cases are processed and offenders are sentenced in courts of general
jurisdiction.
Criminal procedures must meet a basic standard of ______ , according to the Supreme
Court.
The process of assigning an inmate to a category specifying their needs for security,
education, and treatment is called ___________.
Explain Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory and how it relates to criminal activity.
Imagine that you are a prison warden. Your responsibility is to hire and retain a
competent correctional staff. What methods would you use to recruit new hires? What
incentives would you guarantee your current employees to keep them on staff?
In 2011, the ______, which provides annual funding for the military, included
provisions permitting terrorism suspects to be arrested and detained indefinitely, and
permitting the military to detain and question terrorism suspects on American soil.
Probation is the most utilized form of punishment in the United States. Is probation the
most effective use of punishment for the law abiding citizen in regards to protect and
cost effectiveness?
Prospective judges receive special training in law school to become professional judges
in an ____________.
When public safety is in jeopardy police may question, a suspect in custody without
providing the Miranda warnings
An ____ is a written statement of fact, supported by oath or affirmation, submitted to
judicial officers to fulfill the requirements of probable cause for obtaining a warrant.
______represents an initiative to reduce crime and increase the effectiveness of the
criminal justice system by bringing prosecutors into closer contact with citizens.
The Supreme Court ruled in, ________that when officers act in good faith reliance on
computerized records concerning outstanding warrants, evidence found in a search
incident to arrest is admissible even if the arrest was based on an erroneous record that
wrongly indicated the the existence of a warrant.
The court’s ______ is the geographic territory or legal boundaries within which control
maybe exercised; the range of a court’s authority.
The _____ model emphasizes efficiency and the capacity to catch offenders.