In Blackledge v. Allison (1976), Justice Potter Stewart argued that plea bargaining
a. benefits only the defendant
b. benefits only the prosecutor
c. benefits only the judge
d. benefits all concerned in a criminal case
Jeff frequently visits the local bar on his way home from his second shift factory job.
He and his coworkers will often have a beer or two before going home for the night.
Jeff and his friends are anxious to arrive to the bar on this particular night due to his
favorite NFL team playing. He hopes they will arrive to view the fourth quarter of the
game. As he enters the bar, he notes a group of noisy, obnoxious rival fans that had one
too many drinks. Jeff ask the group to quiet down so he could hear the game. He was
immediately approached by the members of the group asking if they wanted to make an
issue of the game. Before Jeff could answer, one member of the group throws a punch.
Within minutes, a full bar brawl has ensued. Jeff ends up with a fractured skull, which
has resulted in brain damage.
Jeff will most likely file a _____ lawsuit against the offenders that injured him, which
will not be difficult to win.
a. criminal
b. tort
c. civil
d. motion
Which of the following programs attempts to control crime through the collection of
crime statistics and meetings to enforce accountability?
a. Uniform Crime Reports
b. National Incident-Based Reporting System
c. Compstat
d. CSI
An example of retribution is the saying, “an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.”
a. True
b. False
Judge Boylen has just sentenced a young, adult female after she entered a plea of guilty
of reckless endangerment. She is a first time offender, who is a college student and
works part time. Judge Boylen gave the offender a sentence that fit the crime. She will
be forced to make monetary payment to the court and spend ample time in the
community.
Judge Boylen required that the female offender pay money into the court system as a
type of punishment. This type of punishment is known as a _______.
a. bond
b. bail
c. restitution
d. fine
The local view of the proper sentence, considering the offense and the defendant’s prior
record, is called the
a. local legal culture
b. going rate
c. grouping
d. local rate
The geographic territory that defines a court’s authority is called jurisdiction.
a. True
b. False
Citizens and their actions can prevent crime.
a. True
b. False
Which level(s) of government operate correctional programs?
a. Federal
b. State
c. County
d. all of the above
Some defendants plead guilty even when they are innocent.
a. True
b. False
The crime control model assumes that the criminal justice system operates to emphasize
efforts to repress crime.
a. True
b. False
How much greater is the per capita incarceration rate for African-Americans as
compared to whites?
a. twice as great
b. three times as great
c. five times as great
d. seven times as great
Most criminal defense lawyers are able to become wealthy because there are so many
rich celebrities and professional athletes who get into trouble with the law.
a. True
b. False
The process in which members learn the symbols, beliefs, and values of a group is
called
a. working personality
b. spiritualization
c. socialization
d. isolation
_________evidence requires that the jury infer a fact from what the witness observed.
a. circumstantial
b. direct
c. real
d. demonstrative
The bail bondsperson is a non-profit actor within the criminal justice system.
a. True
b. False
A specific act of commission or omission in violation of the law, for which a
punishment is prescribed.
a. public policy
b. justice
c. evidence based practices
d. behavior
Which of the following is NOT true about incarceration?
a. incarceration is thought to have a significant effect in deterring potential offenders
b. incarceration is inexpensive
c. incarceration is the most visible and well-known penalty imposed by U.S. courts
d. the majority of persons under correctional supervision are NOT incarcerated
In most states, no higher authority can second guess or change the decision of a
prosecutor.
a. True
b. False
Alex was recently found guilty of first degree murder. Based upon state law, the judge
was forced to use a system/guideline to determine the sentence that he was to receive.
Alex was sentenced to 25 years in prison. He will spend his time in a prison
approximately 25 miles from his home. Alex is thankful for this sentence because it was
a death penalty case.
The judge in Alex’s case most likely had to use ________ which mandates the sentence
that has to be rendered.
a. sentencing guidelines
b. discretion
c. good time
d. earned time
When given the choice, many offenders choose prison over Intensive Supervision
Probation.
a. True
b. False
If people voluntarily stop in order to speak with the officer, they have not been ‘seized,”
because they are free to move along whenever they choose.
a. True
b. False
Elizabeth is a middle age female who was planning to purchase a new spring wardrobe
with her credit card. When she handed her salesperson her credit card, she was
surprised to find out that it was denied. Elizabeth had no idea how this could possibly
have happened. She has a $20,000 credit limit and currently has a zero balance.
Elizabeth realized that a crime had been committed against her.
Elizabeth was most likely the victim of what type of crime?
a. transnational crime
b. money laundering
c. organized crime
d. identity theft
How might public opinion affect a prosecutor’s decision to try a certain case?
a. prosecutors conduct surveys of the community to determine which cases are most
important
b. prosecutors are elected, so their decisions should reflect community values
c. prosecutors have no discretion to try cases–they must bring every case they receive
to court
d. prosecutors keep the community happy by having low conviction rates
Private prisons are believed to have lower operating costs than state prisons.
a. True
b. False
The system and philosophy of juvenile justice that began in the United States during the
social reform period of the late nineteenth century was based on the idea that the state
should act as a _____ in advancing the interest of the child.
a. parent
b. teacher
c. caretaker
d. spiritual advisor
A predominant goal within juvenile corrections is to avoid unnecessary incarceration.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following was a leading advocate of professionalism within law
enforcement?
a. George Kelling
b. Catherine Coles
c. O. W. Wilson
d. Sir John Fielding
Which of the following is not a strategy that a defense attorney representing a client
will employ?
a. contrary evidence is introduced to rebut or cast doubt on the state’s case
b. an alibi is offered
c. an admission of guilt is offered
d. an affirmative defense is presented
Officer Castro notices a car in front of him driving at a slow rate of speed. The driver
seems to be driving erratically. Officeer Castro activates his blue lights and attempts to
pull the car over. The driver continues to drive for approximately two additional miles
before pulling over. When Officer Castro slowly approaches the car, he smells what
appears to be a heavy fragrance of what seems to be marijuana. The driver has dilated
eyes and slurred speech. There are a total of four individuals in the car.
When Officer Castro pulled the car over after suspicious behavior, he encountered a
strong smell of a well known drug that he has significant experience with prior to this
case. The strong presence of this drug, gives Officer Castro enough _________to search
the vehicle.
a. reasonable suspicion
b. hunch
c. probable cause
d. beyond a reasonable doubt
How can a state successfully prepare for inmate integration into the community?
Write a scenario when pardoning would be justified. What is the difference between a
pardon and a expungement?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Explain James Q. Wilson’s Broken Windows Theory. Give an example of when and
where the theory could be put into practice.
_____________officers have the most discretion.
Traditionally, jury trials involves _________ -person juries.
The performance of the police is not based solely on the types of people recruited; it is
also shaped by their ________.
The theory that “little problems” can lead to larger crime problems for neighborhoods is
called ____________.
What method would you suggest for providing effective counsel to indigent defendants?
About___________ percent of prisoners released to parole were incarcerated for a drug
offense.
President Reagan’s crusade against illegal narcotics was called the ____________.
The criminal justice system is designed to control crime by arresting, prosecuting,
convicting, and punishing those who disobey the ______________.
A private attorney who contracts with the government to represent all indigents is
called ________________.
The correctional responsibilities of the federal government are divided between the
______ and the Administrative Office of the United States Courts.
The constitutional amendments that deal with criminal defendants’ rights are the Fourth,
__________________,
_________________, and _______________.
_______are responsible for a significant amount of delinquency in communities and
also have thrived within the correctional facilities.
List and describe the 13 steps in the decision making process.
If a person waives his/her Fourth Amendment rights, this is referred to as a
___________search.
Explain the layers of the criminal justice wedding cake.
_____means that the officers acted with the honest belief that they were following the
proper rules and are not subject to the exclusionary rule.