All countries of the world have the same definitions of rape as a crime.
a. True
b. False
Personal lifestyles do not influence exposure to victimization.
a. True
b. False
The tangible costs of crime are large.
a. True
b. False
The intangible costs of crime are small.
a. True
b. False
Fear of crime is greatest in urban areas.
a. True
b. False
Reduction in crime rates reduces the fear of crime.
a. True
b. False
Wealthy people can take measures to protect themselves from some types of crime.
a. True
b. False
Race is a key factor in exposure to crime.
a. True
b. False
Similar to men, women who engage in criminal activity disproportionately come from
poor families.
a. True
b. False
Repetitive victimization refers to individuals who are victimized by crime more than
once during a relatively brief period of time.
a. True
b. False
Crime has many kinds of costs including economic, psychological, and emotional.
a. True
b. False
Christian is a 20 year old African American male. He plays football for a Division I
college, and also happens to have a 4.0 GPA in biology. Christian hopes to enter dental
school at the completion of his undergraduate studies. Walking home from a late night
at the gym, campus security comes up behind him and demands to know what he is
doing. Christian states that he is on his way back to his dorm. Campus security places
him in handcuffs and says that he is under arrest for breaking and entering due to a
recent report. Christian does not resist this arrest and hopes he can clarify once they are
in the station.
Unfortunately, African American males are often treated differently by the criminal
justice system. In Christian’s case, his arrest would be considered a ________.
a. racism
b. racial profiling
c. discrimination
d. disparity
The police officer’s job does not demand skills in dealing with people.
a. True
b. False
Police officers only need formal training to understand the aspects of their job.
a. True
b. False
Is community service a true form of punishment? What purpose does it serve? Do you
feel that community service is a form of retribution or punishment?
Positivist criminologists believe that science can be used to discover the causes of crime
and to treat deviants.
a. True
b. False
Indigent offenders’ right to counsel continues through the _______appeal.
a. first
b. second
c. third
d. fourth
A pardon will not erase the criminal record of an offender.
a. True
b. False
During day to day encounters with police officers, citizens respond most positively to
which officer characteristic?
a. badge
b. gun
c. the officers’ demeanor
d. nightstick
Because there are fewer than are institutionalized, women prisoners have higher levels
of violence than men prisoners.
a. True
b. False
In which role does the judge spend significant amounts of time behind closed doors
talking to prosecutors and defense attorneys?
a. adjudicator
b. administrator
c. negotiator
d. electoral candidate
The juvenile justice system in the United States did not develop until the late nineteenth
and early twentieth century.
a. True
b. False
Which amendment requires that the amount of bail not be excessive?
a. Seventh Amendment
b. Eighth Amendment
c. Ninth Amendment
d. Tenth Amendment
American citizens have always had the right to sue police departments for misconduct.
a. True
b. False
Plea bargaining is a set of exchange relationships in which the prosecutor, the defense
attorney, the defendant, and sometimes the judge participate.
a. True
b. False
Elizabeth is a middle age female who was planning to purchase a new spring wardrobe
with her credit card. When she handed her salesperson her credit card, she was
surprised to find out that it was denied. Elizabeth had no idea how this could possibly
have happened. She has a $20,000 credit limit and currently has a zero balance.
Elizabeth realized that a crime had been committed against her.
The offender who committed identity theft against Elizabeth committed an act that
would be considered wrong just by the very nature of the act itself. This would also be
known as a _____crime.
a. mala in se
b. mala prohibita
c. felony
d. misdemeanor
The Fourth Amendment means nothing without the exclusionary rule.
a. True
b. False
If a person is defined as criminogenic, this means that he/she
a. became a criminal as an adult
b. was born a criminal
c. became a criminal as a result of a traumatic experience
d. will never become a criminal
Prior to the 1970s, why was it assumed that women did not commit serious crimes?
a. women were not physically strong enough
b. women were assumed to be very dependent and nurturing
c. women were not given the opportunities to commit such crimes
d. women were too intelligent
The parole board has recently paroled Beth after 8 years of incarceration. She is to
obtain gainful employment, submit to weekly drug test, and notify the parole officer if
she is going out of state. Beth will spend a month in a transitional facility before she is
completely on her own. It has been difficult locating a facility close to her home
because most communities do not want parolees close to them.
Beth was placed on parole by a parole board. Beth’s release would be considered
___________
a. discretionary
b. mandatory
c. conditional release
d. expiration release
Women officers can only work with female inmates.
a. True
b. False
Jails are administered locally by
a. private citizens who volunteer
b. appointed civil servants
c. elected officials
d. off-duty police officers
Brady has just been charged with murder in the first degree. His previous record
includes several drug charges and a sexual assault that is pending. Brady will not be
released on bail. His attorney feels like he can talk the prosecutor and judge into a 20
year sentence through a plea bargain, which will eliminate the chance of a life sentence.
Brady will not be released on bail and will await his trial on ________.
a. house arrest
b. preventive detention
c. parole
d. prison
It is easy to point to specific factors that increase or decrease crime rates.
a. True
b. False
The American legal system is based on a passive judge and jury seeking to find the
truth as attorneys for each side argue vigorously.
a. True
b. False
During plea bargaining, a multiple-offense indictment is a tactic used by a(n)
a. judge
b. prosecutor
c. defendant
d. defense attorney
Contemporary prisoners are more likely to come from urban areas and to have been
convicted of drug offenses than prisoners in the past.
a. True
b. False
The parole board has recently paroled Beth after 8 years of incarceration. She is to
obtain gainful employment, submit to weekly drug test, and notify the parole officer if
she is going out of state. Beth will spend a month in a transitional facility before she is
completely on her own. It has been difficult locating a facility close to her home
because most communities do not want parolees close to them.
Beth will serve some time in a transitional facility before she is released. Most likely,
she will spend this time in a_________.
a. jail
b. halfway house
c. reformatory
d. furlough
Defamation is one of the seven principles of substantive criminal law.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is not a main principle of classical criminology?
a. criminal behavior is rational
b. people who commit crimes weigh the costs and benefits
c. fear of punishment keeps most people in check
d. punishment should be tailored to each individual person
Warden Campbell is having a difficult time recruiting qualified correctional officers. He
has also had a difficult time maintaining job satisfaction with his current employees. He
is working with other Wardens within the state to review possible incentives for all
correctional staff. He has found that there is a huge shortage of staff that would be
considered minorities including women.
Which of the following is not a reason why Warden Campbell is having a difficult time
recruiting qualified staff?
a. low pay
b. career advancement is minimal
c. boring work
d. short shifts
Officers who accept payoffs that happen to come their way are called
a. meat eaters
b. grass eaters
c. weed eaters
d. night eaters
According to Miranda v. Arizona (1966), law enforcement must inform the individual in
custody of his/her right to an attorney.
a. True
b. False
A child’s behavioral history affects the disposition of a case of juvenile delinquency.
a. True
b. False
Because of the costs associated with probation, which of the following statements
concerning probation are true?
a. all states use probation for serious offenders in the same way
b. states only use probation for misdemeanor offenders
c. states never use probation for serious offenders
d. some states are increasingly considering the use of probation for more serious
offenders
Research shows that the number of women being arrested has decreased significantly.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is true concerning public attitudes about admitting a voluntary
admission when received
before the suspect’s retained lawyer was present?
a. a majority of the public supports the admitting of the evidence
b. a majority of the public opposes the admitting of evidence
c. The public unanimously opposes the admitting of evidence
d. none of the above apply
The number of appeals in both the state and federal courts has increased during recent
decades.
a. True
b. False
The United States has a
a. dual court system
b. triple court system
c. one court system
d. quadruple court system
For most cases, the most important step in the criminal justice process is ___________.
The idea that criminal law is a way for the rich to control the poor is called
_______theory.
The military character of police departments is illustrated by the _____ according to
ranksofficer, commander, sergeant, lieutenant, captain, major, and chief
____centers run by states and large cities that analyze and facilitate sharing of
information to assist law enforcement and homeland security agencies in preventing
and responding to crime and terrorism threats.
________ and _______are the two largest and most important units in a
police department.
Discuss the legal arguments as to why and why not the death penalty violates the Eighth
Amendment right against cruel and unusual punishment?
_________is the concept of male honor and the sacredness of one’s reputation as a man.
Inmates who are __________try to take advantage of prison programs.
_____occurs when a defendant is held for trial, based on a judge’s finding that, if the
defendant were released on bail, he or she would flee or would endanger another person
or the community.
_________ is a model of corrections based on the goal of reintegrating the offender into
the community.
Every state except __________has its own law enforcement agency.
The __________involves the department paying an officer for off-duty work.
____________units receive and investigate complaints against officers.
Many exonerations are not based on DNA evidence but rather on the discovery that
police and prosecutors had ignored or hidden __________.
A conditional sentence allowing the offender to serve the sanctions imposed by the
court while having free movement within the community is called _____________.
___________programs seek to treat the personal defects that created the inmate’s
criminality.
A person who was forced to commit a crime is under ___________.
The _____ function applies to situations in which the law has been violated and the
offender needs to be identified or located and then apprehended.
__________ is considered the first probation officer in the United States.
A police officer’s _________is a complex set of emotional and behavioral
characteristics