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55. Fines must be used in conjunction with some other form of punishment because merely paying a fine is not
considered a punishment under the Constitution.
a. True
b. False
56. Fines exact a heavier toll on the poor than the wealthy.
a. True
b. False
57. All crime victims can expect to receive full restitution from the offenders who harmed them.
a. True
b. False
58. Restitution orders are determined by prison wardens rather than by judges.
a. True
b. False
59. Forfeiture is determined by police officers rather than by judges.
a. True
b. False
60. Assets gained from forfeiture are often used to increase law enforcement agencies' budgets.
a. True
b. False
61. The United States Supreme Court ruled that home confinement violates the right to privacy.
a. True
b. False
62. Passive electronic monitoring systems send constant streams of information to the receiver.
a. True
b. False
63. Offenders serving community service receive small amounts of pay for their work.
a. True
b. False
64. When given the choice, many offenders choose prison over Intensive Supervision Probation.
a. True
b. False
65. Boot camp programs often provide aftercare to help offenders transition back into the community.
a. True
b. False
66. In order to be successful, community corrections programs must be given adequate resources
a. True
b. False
67. Community Corrections lacks public support.
a. True
b. False
68. Offenders today require less supervision.
a. True
b. False
69. Many believe that boot camps have failed in their attempt to "scare offenders straight". Why do you think these
programs have failed?
70. Why was there previously little support for community corrections? What changes do you believe the public has
done to give these programs a chance?
71. Morris and Tonry have stated that intermediate sanctions are rarely used in the United States, and judges tend to
rely mostly on incarceration and probation. Why do you think judges in the U.S. have an "all or nothing" mentality
regarding correctional options?
72. How can community engagement promote new ideas in handing offenders on probation?
73. How has community access to Registered Sex Offender Registries had an impact on community engagement in
identifying probation/parole offenders?
74. Which of the following is not one of the issues that critics state intermediate sanctions have caused?
a. wider nets
b. empty nets
c. stronger nets
d. different nets
75. __________ is a means of dealing with offenders who need greater restrictions than traditional community based
programs can provide.
a. intensive supervision probation
b. shock incarceration
c. house arrest
d. probation
76. Some offenders are allowed to go to a place of employment, education, or treatment during the day but must return
to their homes by a specified hour when they have been sentenced to __________.
a. community service
b. intensive supervision probation
c. day recovery centers
d. home confinement
77. Withpassageoftwolawsin1970—theRacketeerInfluencedandCorruptOrganizationsAct(RICO)andthe
ContinuingCriminalEnterpriseAct(CCE)—Congressresurrected_________,whichisthegovernmentseizureof
property.
a. restitution
b. forfeiture
c. fines
d. repayment
78. The recidivism rate for probationers is ________ than the rate for those who have been incarcerated
a. higher
b. lower
c. same
d. slightly above
79. _________ is the conditional release of the offender into the community, under the supervision of correctional
officials.
80. As criminal justice agencies cope with budget cuts, observers anticipate that there may be greater reliance on
________ to handle many of the duties previously managed by professionals.
81. Probation can end when the probationer status is ________because of misbehavior.
82. Studies have shown that the fine is used widely as a criminal sanction and that nationally well over _______ in
fines have been collected annually.
83. A __________ sentence requires the offender to perform a certain amount of unpaid labor in the community.
84. InSacramento,California,theprobationdepartmentaddedtothefunctionalityofitsofficers’officialvehiclesby
installing ________________ that use cameras to automatically examine and scan for license plates of stolen
vehicles.
85. A ____________ is a community correctional center where an offender reports each day to comply with
elements of a sentence.
86. Most day reporting centers incorporate multiple correctional methods.
a. True
b. False
87. Boot camps put offenders through a 3-to-9-month physical regimen designed to develop discipline and respect for
authority.
a. True
b. False
88. ISPprogramshavebeencalled“oldstyle”probationbecauseeachofficerhasonly20clientsandrequiresfrequent
face-to-face contact.
a. True
b. False
89. Explain the purpose of shock incarceration. Why are the final results for boot camps so lackluster? Is there any
way that we can increase the effectiveness?
90. Is community service a true form of punishment? What purpose does it serve? Do you feel that community
service is a form of retribution or punishment?
91. How can you convince the American public to support home confinement when so many individuals feel as though
such sanctions are a slap on the wrist? Use examples of well known cases that home confinement would have
worked well with.
92. What are the positive attributes associated with probation? Describe a scenarios in which probation would be the
perfect fit for a particular client.
93. Why would a probation officer elect not to try to revoke a probationers probation if he/she has had a technical
violation. Is this ethical?
Chan Le is a probation officer who is employed through the state he resides within. Chan Le has an extremely
large caseload and oftentimes gets overwhelmed by the requirements of his job. In the middle of the night, Chan
Le is called out to respond to one of his new clients, who has been caught shoplifting a small amount of
merchandise from a local department store. This client just failed a drug test two days prior to this event.
94. Chan Le would not be able to which of the following to his client who has recently violated probation?
a. lecture the client
b. increase contacts
c. revoke his probation
d. extend his sentence
95. When Chan Le's client failed his drug test, he committed a _________.
a. crime
b. technical violation
c. permanent violation
d. legal violation
96. If Chan Le tries to have his client's probation revoked, the client will first have to have a __________.
a. preliminary hearing
b. disposition
c. adjudication
d. finding of fact
97. Chan Le's client, most likely, has a ________ rate of recidivism than if he had been incarcerated.
a. increased
b. decreased
c. equal
d. slightly increased
Megan is a probation officer who has recently been assigned a client that will need much closer monitoring than her
coworker's clients. Her client was sentenced to six years probation based upon manufacturing with intent to
distribute methamphetamine. The client has conditions to his probation including a period of time that must be spent
in his home as well as a repayment plan for damage to property that occurred during the manufacturing process.
Megan's client's biggest obstacle to successful completion is the home environment in which the client lives.
98. Megan's client is most likely participating in which type of probation?
a. probation diversion
b. institutional diversion
c. tiered diversion
d. effective diversion
99. Megan's client is forced to spend a specific, detailed amount of time in his home at part of his probation. This is
referred to as __________.
a. restitution
b. fines
c. home confinement
d. day reporting
100. Megan's client must pay for damages he was responsible for when he was manufacturing drugs. The monies he
will pay back, will be considered _________.
a. community service
b. fines
c. restitution
d. day reporting
101. Megan, most likely, has a small case load. Her case load consists of how many clients?
a. less than 20
b. less than 60
c. less than 80
d. less than 100
Judge Boylen has just sentenced a young, adult female after she entered a plea of guilty of reckless endangerment.
She is a first time offender, who is a college student and works part time. Judge Boylen gave the offender a
sentence that fit the crime. She will be forced to make monetary payment to the court and spend ample time in the
community.
102. Judge Boylen required that the female offender pay money into the court system as a type of punishment. This
type of punishment is known as a ________.
a. bond
b. bail
c. restitution
d. fine
103. Judge Boylen sentenced the female offender to work in the community to pay back her debt to society. This is an
example of _________.
a. probation
b. community service
c. home confinement
d. day reporting
