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Officer Castro notices a car in front of him driving at a slow rate of speed. The driver
seems to be driving erratically. Officeer Castro activates his blue lights and attempts to
pull the car over. The driver continues to drive for approximately two additional miles
before pulling over. When Officer Castro slowly approaches the car, he smells what
appears to be a heavy fragrance of what seems to be marijuana. The driver has dilated
eyes and slurred speech. There are a total of four individuals in the car.
Officer Castro intended for this traffic stop to be a brief seizure, which would be
considered a __________.
a. stop
b. search
c. arrest
d. interrogation
Identity theft is a huge problem that typically affects young, lower class females.
a. True
b. False
Christina is a single mother of two children. She grew up in a home filled with
violence. Her mother was frequently high on crack cocaine as she entered her teen
years. Christina's dad has not been a part of her life since she was four. She vowed to
herself that she would never allow her children to be raised in a home like she grew up
in. Christina married her high school boyfriend and had a son and a daughter. She
worked as a nursing assistant and life was going well for her until her husband left her
for another woman. Christina feel into a massive depression that was only relieved with
alcohol and other illegal drugs. Christina started selling drugs and herself to maintain
her habit until she was arrested by an undercover officer. She is currently serving a six
year prison sentence.
Christina's depression played a significant part in her criminal lifestyle. Which theory
best explains why this is so?
a. gender explanations
b. life course explanations
c. sociological explanations
d. psychological explanations
An inchoate offense does not require mens rea to prosecute.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is TRUE concerning police accreditation?
a. it is mandatory for all police departments to follow nationally recognized standards
b. none of the police departments in the U.S. follow nationally recognized standards
c. it is voluntary whether all police departments follow nationally recognized standards
d. each police department has its own established standards
The "rotten apple" theory explains nearly all police corruption.
a. True
b. False
In their article entitled "Broken Windows: The Police and Neighborhood Safety," James
Q. Wilson and George Kelling argued that police should work more on
a. the most significant problems such as catching violent repeat offenders in the act
b. the little problems such as maintaining order
c. ending corruption within the police force
d. being more involved with local political leaders
Correctional goals and methods are never influenced by social and political values.
a. True
b. False
Discretionary release is sometimes criticized for following judicial recommendations
too closely.
a. True
b. False
According to Travis and Petersilia, which of the following is NOT a factor that
contributes to the reentry problem?
a. reduced powers of parole boards
b. increased drug use by inmates in prison
c. diminished opportunities for inmates to complete rehabilitation programs
d. offenders are being incarcerated for longer periods
Which of the following statements is FALSE about what police experience when
working in internal affairs?
a. They serve for a set period of about seven years
b. They experience it as stressful work
c. They have difficulty maintaining relationships with other officers
d. they typically receive full cooperation from other officers
Misdemeanor courts usually can only impose sentences of one year or less in jail.
a. True
b. False
When a case is accepted and charges are made only if there is enough evidence to
ensure conviction, a prosecutor is operating according to the
a. system efficiency model
b. legal sufficiency model
c. trial sufficiency model
d. legal efficiency model
Trial courts of general jurisdiction handle only misdemeanors and lawsuits for small
amounts of money.
a. True
b. False
Preventive patrol emphasizes
a. large numbers of arrests to control crime
b. responding to 911 calls
c. making police presence known
d. fixing "broken windows"
What layer of the criminal justice wedding cake consists of misdemeanors?
a. top
b. high-middle
c. low-middle
d. bottom
What are the three types of social process theories?
a. learning, control, and labeling
b. biological, psychological, and sociological
c. id, ego, and superego
d. critical, radical, and Marxist
_____is a means of dealing with offenders who need greater restrictions than traditional
community based programs can provide.
a. intensive supervision probation
b. shock incarceration
c. house arrest
d. probation
In Robinson v. California (1962), the Supreme Court struck down a law that made it a
crime to be addicted to drugs.
a. True
b. False
Most offenders released on parole begin to adjust quickly to the outside world.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following facilities allows inmates to spend a portion of the day at work
but reside in a nonsecure facility outside of prison?
a. supermax
b. halfway house
c. ticket of leave
d. furlough
Which civil liberty was extended to juveniles in the United States Supreme Court's
decision of Breed v. Jones (1975)?
a. right to trial by jury
b. right to an attorney
c. right against unreasonable search and seizure
d. privilege against self-incrimination
When a group shares symbols, beliefs, and attitudes, this is referred to as
a. a subculture
b. a subcommunity
c. a suboccupation
d. subprofessionals
Law enforcement officials used a thermal imaging device at a house to detect unusual
heat sources that might indicate marijuana being cultivated under "grow lights." Their
efforts led to a search of the home and the discovery of 100 marijuana plants. The
Supreme Court declared this an illegal search in
a. Kyllo v. United States (2001)
b. Tennessee v. Garner (1985)
c. Graham v. Conner (1989)
d. Terry v. Ohio (1968)
e. Monell v. Dept. of Social Services for the City of New York (1978)
According to a Justice Department survey, what is the most serious problem facing
teenagers today?
a. Alcohol
b. poor quality of nutrition
c. Drugs
d. Crime
In Kent v. United States and In re Gault, the United States Supreme Court extended due
process rights to children. In what decade were these decisions handed down by the
Court?
a. 1860s
b. 1930s
c. 1960s
d. 1980s
Local police departments are not trained in homeland security issues.
a. True
b. False
Criminal justice agencies are not dependent on others for funding.
a. True
b. False
Prior to the nineteenth century, female prisoners were treated no differently than male
prisoners.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is not one of the issues that critics state intermediate sanctions
have caused?
a. wider nets
b. empty nets
c. stronger nets
d. different nets
Explain the necessity of fusion centers in the War on Terror. Do fusion have the
capability to infringe on US citizen's rights?
_______- profiling occurs when police officers disproportionately stop people of color
more than whites.
Probation can end when the probationer status is _______because of misbehavior.
Since the 1970s, capital punishment has been used exclusively for _______ offenses.
The release of an inmate from prison to conditional supervision is referred to as
________________.
Explain the good faith exception to the exclusionary rule.
Prisoners who are released from prison after serving the maximum sentence and cannot
be returned will receive (an) ___________________.
What role does the advent of scientific technologies, such as DNA evidence, place on
the prosecutor's decision to take a case to plea bargain or take a case to trial? Have these
technologies changed the way our adversarial system works? Is it more or less
effective?
How can advancements in technologies for both the citizen and police assist police?
Would the abuse of a suspect in a police station be considered an "occupational crime"
or a "visible crime"?
Occupational crimes can be committed "through the exercise of government authority."
Does this mean we blame the government or the individual for such an offense?
In your opinion, do the constitutional rights of citizens "tie the hands" of the police to a
significant degree?
The ____ permits close control of off-duty work, because firms must apply to the
department to have officers assigned to them.
What is the significance of the presentence report to the defendant who is in the
sentencing phase of his/her trial?
_____refers to a framework within which criminal acts are committed.
There is significant evidence that minority citizens in the United States have less faith
in the police than Caucasian citizens do. In your opinion, why do you think this
difference has occurred?
One impact of crime is_______, which limits freedom.
_______criminology maintains that human behavior is controlled by physical, mental,
and social factors.
The function of the police that includes providing first aid and helping people is called
the _________ function.
The _________system required that groups of ten families agree to uphold the law.
