People on probation have no constitutional rights.
a. True
b. False
Probation is defined as
a. home confinement
b. electronic monitoring
c. a short jail sentence
d. supervised release under specified conditions
Officer Goldman responded to a call of an active shooter during a home invasion at a
local residence. Officer Goldman arrives on scene and quickly surveys the residence.
He and his partner immediately enter the home and see the suspect. They command the
suspect to drop his weapon at which time, the suspect responds. Officer Goldman
arrests the suspect and searches his person.
Officer Goldman immediately entered the home without obtaining a warrant. He was
allowed to do this based upon the requirement of _________.
a. consent
b. exigent circumstances
c. arrest
d. seizure
Rashaad arrived at work one morning feeling under the weather. By lunch time, he
decides to take sick leave and go home. Upon arrival at his house, he sees his best
friend’s car in the drive. Rashaad becomes concerned that something may be wrong
with his wife. As he opens the door to his bedroom, he sees his wife and best friend in
a compromising position. In shock, Rashaad grabs his gun, shoots, and kills his wife
and friend.
Rashaad states that he was not in the proper state of mind when the murders were
committed. Which excuse defense is the most likely to use?
a. duress
b. entrapment
c. infancy
d. insanity
Females constitute almost one-half of all juvenile arrests.
a. True
b. False
What does this figure represent?
a. model of police arrest discretion
b. model of correctional sentencing
c. model of court appeals process
d. model of evidentiary standards testing
How much does the public support the use of community-based punishments rather
than prison for nonviolent offenders?
a. most citizens strongly support their use
b. few citizens support their use
c. most citizens are opposed to their use
d. most citizens report that they “don”t care” about these offenders
What is the most commonly used method of release into the community?
a. discretionary release
b. other conditional release
c. mandatory release
d. expiration release
There has been an increase in the number of elderly prisoners over the age of 55.
a. True
b. False
Judges selected based on merit must eventually face public election.
a. True
b. False
The research of Eisenstein and Jacob on the impact of courtroom workgroups across
major cities revealed that
a. the same type of felony was handled very differently in each city
b. the same type of felony was handled the same in each city
c. different types of felonies were handled very differently in each city
d. different types of felonies were handled the same in each city
Freud’s psychoanalytic theory focuses on
a. adult experiences causing criminal behavior
b. social explanations of crime
c. biological explanations of crime
d. unconscious drives and forces explaining crime
Wesley serving a 10 month sentence for driving while impaired. This was Wesley’s
second conviction. He has never served time before and overwhelmed with his
experience so far. He is serving his time with all walks of life and most inmates say
they are not guilty. Wesley cannot believe he is serving time and the manager is
someone he supported and actually voted for. Wesley knows that the next 10 months
cannot go fast enough.
Which of the following groups of individuals will not be serving time while
incarcerated with Wesley?
a. innocent
b. mentally ill
c. substance abusers
d. those serving sentences longer than a year
The prison population contains the same proportion of African-Americans as the
general population.
a. True
b. False
Eric has just been sentenced to a short term to be served within the community. He
knows his crime was a mistake and considers this experience to be the first and last
time he is involved with the criminal justice system. He plans to do everything that he is
required to do and make this time go by as easy as possible.
Eric’s sentence is the best experience of which goal of punishment?
a. retribution
b. deterrence
c. incapacitation
d. rehabilitation
____ policing may lead to a greater willingness of residents of minority neighborhoods
to report crimes and assist investigations.
a. Same race
b. Different race
c. Same Sex
d. None of the above
Which of the following is true about public police officers working for private firms?
a. Congress passed a law prohibiting it.
b. If they work for private firms they never retain their full powers as officers
c. With proper agreements within the police agency, officers may work for private firms
and retain full officer powers
d. police officers never work for private firms
Discretionary release affects other aspects of the system, including sentencing, plea
bargaining, and the size of prison populations.
a. True
b. False
Defense attorneys should never offer psychological support to their clients.
a. True
b. False
In 1984, Congress passed the Bail Reform Act. This legislation authorized the use of
a. citations
b. ten percent cash bail
c. release on recognizance
d. preventive detention
Only a small percentage of juvenile arrest are for homicide.
a. True
b. False
The most likely victims of domestic violence are younger women from low-income
families.
a. True
b. False
A key concept in the criminal justice process involving the mutual transfer of resources
among individual actors is called
a. exchange
b. due process
c. system
d. discretion
Why might a prosecutor not seek to file charges on behalf of a prostitute who is raped?
a. she has a criminal record
b. the jury may believe she played a role in her victimization
c. prosecutors may not believe the victim is deserving of their attention
d. all of the above
Warden Smith is in charge of a female prison that houses the women from her state. She
has been working diligently to improve the conditions of the prison for the women she
serves. Warden Smith has increased programs for the women spending significant
dollars on improving the educational system behind bars. She also received a grant
which allowed the prison to have a full time medical staff person round the clock to
care for the inmates. Warden Smith has also managed to incorporate programs to
increase the mother/child bond.
What percentage of Warden Smith’s inmates are pregnant when they enter prison or
have given birth in the last year?
a. 10
b. 15
c. 25
d. 30
According to your text, Internal affairs is a stressful job.
a. True
b. False
Warden Smith is in charge of a female prison that houses the women from her state. She
has been working diligently to improve the conditions of the prison for the women she
serves. Warden Smith has increased programs for the women spending significant
dollars on improving the educational system behind bars. She also received a grant
which allowed the prison to have a full time medical staff person round the clock to
care for the inmates. Warden Smith has also managed to incorporate programs to
increase the mother/child bond.
Warden Smith has been able to increase funding for education endeavors for her
inmates. Currently, how many inmates have received a high school diploma or GED
when they enter into prison?
a. less than half
b. half
c. more than half
d. all
According to the text, which of the following groups favor stricter enforcement of the
law?
a. liberals
b. conservatives
c. moderates
d. anarchists
The substantial majority of cases go to trial.
a. True
b. False
The phrase that distinguishes murder from nonnegligent manslaughter is
a. parens patriae
b. mala prohibita
c. in re: Gault
d. malice aforethought
In theory, juvenile proceedings are designed to be non-adversarial.
a. True
b. False
Unexplained bulges in clothing or awkwardness in walking is an example of behavioral
analysis.
a. True
b. False
Slate recently received evidence, from discovery, for his client who is awaiting trial for
armed robbery and attempted murder. There are two eye witness accounts, which
identifies Slate’s client. There is also the weapon used in the crime and gunshot shells.
Slates is convinced his client is going to have a long trial ahead of him.
The gun and shells that were recovered at the crime scene from Slate’s case would be
considered why type of evidence?
a. real evidence
b. demonstrative evidence
c. direct evidence
d. circumstantial evidence
The upper age limit for original juvenile court jurisdiction is ________.
a. 16
b. 17
c. 18
d. 19
There have been many critics of the USA Patriot Act, who claim that the Act infringes
on individual rights and possibly violates the United States Constitution. Do you agree
with these critics, or does the presence of the Patriot Act help to keep our country safer?
Support your answer with material from the text.
A problem with state courts is the overlapping and conflicting _____________.
Offenders convicted of _____ may receive a penalty of up to one year in jail.
One example of ____ is when neighborhood citizens volunteer to walk students to
school, as done in Operation Safe Passage.
_____is a sentence that can be served while the offender remains living at home, with
few restrictions.
The ____ model assumes freedom is so important that every effort must be made to
ensure that crime justice decisions are based upon reliable information.
_______criminology maintains that crimes result from rational choices.
Is the jury selection process used in U.S. courts fair to defendants? Discuss why some
defendants are disadvantaged by the system, or why you think the process results in
equal justice for all.
Probation can be revoked when a probationer commits a new crime or a
_____________.
______are police employees who have taken an oath and been given powers by the
state to make arrests and use necessary force, in accordance with their duties.
Trial courts of _________jurisdiction over misdemeanor cases and preliminary matters
in felony cases.
The _________is the state’s chief legal officer, usually responsible for both civil and
criminal matters.
When judges take on the role of ____ , they are concerned with how their courtroom
is running.
__________stress is produced by the paramilitary character of police forces.
Geographic concentrations of crime are called _____________.
When an officer stops a car and it becomes necessary to search, how extensively can
they search the vehicle?
What are the parameters that the officer must abide by?
When judges work with attorneys outside of the public view, they are usually taking on
the role of __________.
In Sacramento, California, the probation department added to the functionality of its
officers’ official vehicles by installing _____ that use cameras to automatically examine
and scan for license plates of stolen
Why is it important that states develop standardized court structures?