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Which of the following is TRUE about probation?
a. probation is only used in combination with fines
b. probation is only used in combination with restitution
c. probation is only used in combination with community
d. probation is used in combination with fines, restitution, and community service
The United States Supreme Court has decided that forfeitures
a. may sometimes violate the Excessive Fines Clause of the Eighth Amendment
b. always violate the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
c. can never result from a judicial order
d. can involve homes but not automobiles
______relationships among courtroom actors can facilitate plea bargains and shape the
content of prosecutors' sentencing recommendations
a. Working
b. Exchange
c. Court
d. Involved
Which of the following is TRUE about the use of discretion by a police officer?
a. the more serious a crime is to the public, the more freedom officers have to ignore it
b. the closer the relationship between the alleged criminal and the victim, the more
variable the use of discretion
c. policies of the police always promote the use of more discretion
d. a suspect who is very hostile is less likely to be arrested by an officer
The television image of defense attorneys as strong advocates for their clients is based
on the
a. crime control model
b. due process model
c. equal protection model
d. celebrity model
With the punitive nature of the criminal justice system, release on parole has become
much easier for inmates to obtain.
a. True
b. False
In which of Packer's models would the adversarial system be most likely used?
a. due process
b. legislative inquiry
c. crime control
d. constitutional liability
Which of the following is a factor that increases the power of the prosecutor?
a. many of their decisions are hidden from public view
b. they must have a judge sign-off on any decision to drop a case
c. they are dependent on the defense attorney for witness statements
d. jurisdictional boundaries are sometimes confusing
If people consent to a search, officers do not need probable cause or even any level of
suspicion to justify the search.
a. True
b. False
American crime rates have dropped since the early 1980s for many crimes.
a. True
b. False
As _____ , all judges must deal with political actors such as county commissioners,
legislators, and members of the state executive bureaucracy.
a. negotiators
b. adjudicators
c. administrators
d. enforcers
The job of the defense attorney is accurately depicted in most legally themed television
shows.
a. True
b. False
More than half of convicted offenders are supervised in the community.
a. True
b. False
The criminal justice system is designed to control and prevent crime.
a. True
b. False
Legislators merely write and approve laws in their desire to address problems, please
the public, and gain reelection.
a. True
b. False
Few efforts have been made to reform state courts in the twentieth century.
a. True
b. False
Most types of occupational crime are profitable and do not come to the public's
attention.
a. True
b. False
A court order issued by a judge authorizing police officers to make arrests or search
premises is called a(n)
a. Arrest
b. Warrant
c. Bail
d. Booking
These have been suggested as a method of assessing ex-inmates' adjustment back into
society:
a. recidivism courts
b. parole courts
c. reentry courts
d. release courts
More mentally ill persons are in state hospitals than in prisons and jails.
a. True
b. False
Brady has just been charged with murder in the first degree. His previous record
includes several drug charges and a sexual assault that is pending. Brady will not be
released on bail. His attorney feels like he can talk the prosecutor and judge into a 20
year sentence through a plea bargain, which will eliminate the chance of a life sentence.
Brady will await his trial or plea agreement in jail. Which of the following is not a
characteristic of those he is serving time with?
a. substance abusers
b. innocent
c. guilty
d. free
This particular type of crime includes homicide, assault, and rape.
a. visible crime
b. property crime
c. organized crime
d. victimless crime
Sentencing guidelines provide additional discretion for judges in the sentencing
process.
a. True
b. False
When a force employs police officers from all demographic groups, the police gain
legitimacy because they are seen as reflecting the interests of all people and there may
be reductions in race-based disparities affecting who is stopped, searched, or arrested.
a. True
b. False
Which U. S. Supreme Court decision departed from the trend toward increasing
juvenile rights by ruling that juveniles may be held in preventive detention before trial
if they are deemed a risk to the community?
a. In re Gault (1967)
b. Schall v. Martin (1984)
c. Kent v. United States (1966)
d. In re Winship (1970)
Small counties frequently cannot afford to seek death penalty as punishments due to the
expenses involved in trials
a. True
b. False
Every department has the same number of vice and juvenile units.
a. True
b. False
Will is a 15 year old man who was just arrested for truancy and shoplifting. He has
never been in trouble before. He participated in the crime due to peer pressure from his
friends making fun of him for being "too good". Will's parents are terrified that his poor
decision making will ruin his future.
Will and his family are seeking a _________where they could avoid the courtroom
altogether.
a. adjudication
b. detention hearing
c. diversion
d. disposition
When the United States Constitution was ratified in 1788-1789, it contained few
references to criminal justice.
a. True
b. False
The term referring to the idea that much more crime occurs than is reported to police is
called
a. hate crimes
b. dark figure of crime
c. Victimology
d. mala in se
The goal of community corrections is based on
a. punishing the offender as severely as possible
b. teaching the offender to resist temptation by increasing the offender's contact with the
criminal world
c. punishing the offender with the least restrictive alternative
d. the idea that punishment is wrong
Many police departments have special juvenile units.
a. True
b. False
This survey is dependent on interviews of samples of the U.S. population conducted by
the Bureau of Justice Statistics to determine the number and types of criminal
victimization, and thus, the extent of unreported as well as reported crime.
a. National Incident-Based Reporting System
b. National Crime Victimization Survey
c. Uniform Crime Report
d. National Crime Offender Survey
Ryan is a district attorney in a small community. Ryan's best friend, Eric, happens to
work in the public defender's office. Both Ryan and Eric have a meeting tomorrow
morning with the superior court judge to discuss a case involving a sexual assault. The
victim in the case would prefer not to testify in this case. Luckily, Ryan and Eric have a
wonderful working relationship with the judge in this case. Both gentlemen are actually
looking forward to coming to an arrangement in this case and having lunch afterward
with the judge.
The relationship among Ryan, Eric, and the judge is built upon mutual respect and
admiration. All parties want to work towards the same common goal. This would be
referred to as ________.
a. workgroup
b. going rate
c. continuance
d. culture
The ____ gives property owners no reasonable expectation of privacy in fields on and
around their property.
A ______ sentence requires the offender to perform a certain amount of unpaid labor in
the community.
A ____ occurs when the defense attorney and the prosecutor reach an agreement: The
defendant agrees to plead guilty in exchange for a reduction of charges or a lighter
sentence.
The ____ model emphasis reparation to the victim and the community, approaching
crime from a problem-solving perspective.
What impact do budgetary constraints have on community policing?
The Supreme Court Case of _________extended due process rights to juveniles.
Compare and contrast the plain view doctrine and the open fields doctrine. What is the
key difference between them?
The United States Supreme Court declared that the death penalty was not implemented
in a racially discriminatory manner in the case of ______________ v. _____________.
A field of criminology that examines the role of the victim is called _______ .
The theft of social security numbers, credit card numbers, and other information in
order to secure loans, withdraw bank funds, and purchase merchandise while posing as
someone else is known as _______.
Cole and Smith provide three explanations for why minorities are subjected to the
criminal justice system at much higher rates than the white majority. Briefly summarize
one of these three explanations and discuss its strengths and weaknesses.
The next era of policing will likely be focused on _____________.
What is the basis of the adversarial system in the US? Why is it so vital to the success
of our modern day criminal justice system? How does plea bargaining impact the
adversarial system?
If individuals in a workplace interact in the workplace and develop norms and shared
goals, this is called a(n) ___________.
Some law enforcement executives have been concerned that the increased focus on
homeland security and fighting terrorism has diverted funding from local police
agencies. Do you believe that we are ignoring problems in our own country while trying
to fight terrorism? Discuss your opinion, and why you feel that way.
Why would a probation officer elect not to try to revoke a probationers probation if
he/she has had a technical violation. Is this ethical?
What are the positive attributes associated with probation? Describe a scenarios in
which probation would be the perfect fit for a particular client.
Answer:Answers will vary.
A child who is not receiving proper care because of action or inaction by his or her
parent is considered a(n) ___________ child.
If days are subtracted from a sentence for good behavior, this is called __________.
Morris and Tonry have stated that intermediate sanctions are rarely used in the United
States, and judges tend to rely mostly on incarceration and probation. Why do you think
judges in the U.S. have an "all or nothing" mentality regarding correctional options?
Answer:Answers will vary.
