Consider the information presented in the chart below. How are African American
youth most likely to be overrepresented in the juvenile justice system?
a. juvenile arrests for violent crime index offenses
b. juveniles in residential placement
c. cases judicially waived to criminal court
d. delinquency cases resulting in residential placement
The world’s first probation officer was
a. James Ferguson, an Irish police officer
b. Sir Robert Peel, head of the London police
c. O.W. Wilson, an American police chief
d. John Augustus, a Boston bootmaker
Ly’ana is an FBI agent who has recently been called into a local municipality police
department to assist in a theft
of approximately 50,000 dollars. Ly’ana assisted the local department in solving the
particular case and is preparing to go to court when the prosecutor determines that the
defense attorney has offered a plea bargain. The defendant will admit guilt and is
willing to serve 18 months in prison.
The offender in Ly’ana’s case agreed to an 18 month prison sentence. The offender is
what percent of convicted felons in prison/jail?
a. 20
b. 30
c. 40
d. 50
A model of the criminal justice system that emphasizes efficiency, speed, and finality
and the capacity to apprehend, try, convict, and dispose of a high proportion of
offenders is called the
a. crime control model
b. due process model
c. constitutional model
d. democratic model
Jenna works for the Innocence Project. She is currently working on a case where her
client states that she was wrongly convicted. Jenna has been reviewing the court
transcripts and has determine that the prosecutor seems to have withheld information
that was pertinent to the case. Jenna’s client was sentenced to a 20 year sentence for
murder. She has reduced that sentence by participating in programs and her positive
behavior.
Jenna’s client is receiving a reduction in her sentence based upon her behavior while she
has been incarcerated.
This is referred to as ______.
a. good time
b. earned time
c. mandatory sentencing
d. sanctions
A significant deprivation of liberty because a person is taken into police custody,
transported to the police station or jail, and processed into the criminal justice system is
called a(n)
a. search
b. stop
c. arrest
d. interrogation
Although they cooperate in many cases, public defenders are sufficiently independent
of prosecutors and judges to make choices about whether to seek a trial or to negotiate a
plea.
a. True
b. False
Jeff frequently visits the local bar on his way home from his second shift factory job.
He and his coworkers will often have a beer or two before going home for the night.
Jeff and his friends are anxious to arrive to the bar on this particular night due to his
favorite NFL team playing. He hopes they will arrive to view the fourth quarter of the
game. As he enters the bar, he notes a group of noisy, obnoxious rival fans that had one
too many drinks. Jeff ask the group to quiet down so he could hear the game. He was
immediately approached by the members of the group asking if they wanted to make an
issue of the game. Before Jeff could answer, one member of the group throws a punch.
Within minutes, a full bar brawl has ensued. Jeff ends up with a fractured skull, which
has resulted in brain damage.
Since Jeff and his coworkers were attending a bar late at night, they could be considered
at a higher risk of criminal activity. This is known as _______.
a. lifestyle-exposure theory
b. routine activities theory
c. social control theory
d. learning theory
Because of their position in the justice system, ______ can define the level of their
involvement in the processing of criminal cases.
a. prosecutors
b. defense attorneys
c. judges
d. suspects
What popular misconception exists about the appellate process?
a. a large number of criminals are being “let off”
b. criminal defendants are no longer permitted to appeal
c. attorneys participate in the appellate process
d. the U.S. Supreme Court is considered an appellate court
What is known about polygraph, or “lie detector” tests?
a. they are always accurate
b. they are unreliable
c. they are always inaccurate
d. police never use such tests
Which of the following is TRUE about weapons technology?
a. there have been no new advances in weapons technology
b. police departments need to consider nonlethal weapons because departments have
been sued over injuring or killing suspects
c. new technologies in weaponry present no problems at all for police
d. police do not have nonlethal weapons currently available for use
A police function that is a broad mandate to prevent behavior that disturbs the peace or
involves face-to-face conflict is called
a. law enforcement
b. order maintenance
c. service
d. departmental
Women’s share of arrests is highest for which type of crime?
a. robbery
b. rape
c. murder
d. larceny-theft
Prisoners serve shorter sentences in the U.S. in comparison to other Western nations.
a. True
b. False
Warden Campbell is having a difficult time recruiting qualified correctional officers. He
has also had a difficult time maintaining job satisfaction with his current employees. He
is working with other Wardens within the state to review possible incentives for all
correctional staff. He has found that there is a huge shortage of staff that would be
considered minorities including women.
Approximately, how many of Warden Campbell’s staff are considered minorities?
a. 15
b. 20
c. 25
d. 30
Where in the U.S were the first penitentiaries located?
a. New Jersey and Pennsylvania
b. New York and New Jersey
c. New York and Pennsylvania
d. Nevada and Pennsylvania
The laws and rules that must be followed by parolees are called
a. parole conditions
b. sentencing contract
c. constitutional restrictions
d. conditions of release
Plea bargaining benefits everyone involved, including the prosecutor.
a. True
b. False
Plea bargaining is an example of an exchange relationship in the criminal justice
system.
a. True
b. False
Three factorsthe act (actus reus), the attendant circumstances, and the state of mind
(mens rea)are together called the ______of a crime.
a. inchoate offense
b. concurrence
c. legality
d. elements
Punishments rarely reflect the dominant values of a particular timeframe in history.
a. True
b. False
Chan Le is a probation officer who is employed through the state he resides within.
Chan Le has an extremely large caseload and oftentimes gets overwhelmed by the
requirements of his job. In the middle of the night, Chan Le is called out to respond to
one of his new clients, who has been caught shoplifting a small amount of merchandise
from a local department store. This client just failed a drug test two days prior to this
event.
When Chan Le’s client failed his drug test, he committed a _________.
a. crime
b. technical violation
c. permanent violation
d. legal violation
To achieve the goals of criminal justice, many kinds of organizations–police,
prosecution, _____ , corrections have been formed.
a. courts
b. defense
c. bail bonds
d. magistrate
Sarah is the responding officer at a domestic violence call. Upon arrival she is informed
by the female of the home that her ex husband has violated a protective order and
entered her home. He held a gun to her head and threatened to kill her if she did not
allow him to move back into the home with her. There are two children in the home and
at this moment, the suspect has left the scene. This is the fourth time Sarah has
responded to this home in the last two months.
Which of the following is most likely not a characteristic of the victim Sarah responds
to in this domestic call?
a. female
b. low income
c. African American
d. male
Fines must be used in conjunction with some other form of punishment because merely
paying a fine is not considered a punishment under the Constitution.
a. True
b. False
Warden Campbell is having a difficult time recruiting qualified correctional officers. He
has also had a difficult time maintaining job satisfaction with his current employees. He
is working with other Wardens within the state to review possible incentives for all
correctional staff. He has found that there is a huge shortage of staff that would be
considered minorities including women.
Officer Meeks is responsible for identifying gang information in order to rival gangs by
housing them in separate units.
a. combine
b. segregate
c. integrate
d. identify
What United States Supreme Court case involved setting standards for effective
assistance of counsel?
a. United States v. Cronic (1984)
b. United States v. Leon (1984)
c. New York v. Quarles (1984)
d. Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
Priorities and actions developed by government to use public resources as a means to
deal with issues affecting society.
a. public policy
b. justice
c. evidence based practices
d. behavior
The revocation of probation cannot result in incarceration.
a. True
b. False
The recognition that the control of crime cannot rest solely with the police illustrates
the idea of
a. police abuse of power
b. community crime prevention
c. negative attitudes toward police
d. the increased role of victims in crime prevention
Police need to develop new technologies in weaponry because officers have been sued
for injuring or killing suspects.
a. True
b. False
Appellate courts do not try criminal cases.
a. True
b. False
The process of screening children out of the juvenile justice system without a court
decision is called ______________.
The ___________ model of incarceration emphasizes security, order, and discipline.
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of community prosecution. Would the
general public be in support of this style of justice in their own neighborhoods? Why or
why not?
How can you convince the American public to support home confinement when so
many individuals feel as though such sanctions are a slap on the wrist? Use examples of
well known cases that home confinement would have worked well with.
The _____ model focuses on serving the community rather than the strict
“crime fighting” philosophy of prior eras.
During the 1960s and early 1970s, the ___________model was dominant.
The large numbers of crimes that are not reported are called the ______.
Why might Americans believe there is a serious crime problem in the United States,
when in fact crime rates have been steadily decreasing?
Judicial decisions guided by past cases are called ____________.
This chapter began by discussing the changes in parole since the 1970s. It is very
difficult for offenders to be released when they are judged “ready” for release and job
training and education programs have been severely curtailed. In your opinion, what
might explain this trend? What are the greater social effects of these policies?
Define and explain The Save the Child Movement. What specific court cases have
increased support for working the “child”.
______occurs when the use of intermediate sanctions results in more people coming
under the control of the criminal justice system than would have otherwise.
The Supreme Court has determined that cruel and unusual punishment must be based
on the ___________in the institution.
How does isolation help to define the police officer’s working personality?
Different departments allocate their officers in different ways–some departments have
more officers on patrol than others, and some departments (such as Houston) stress
criminal investigation. What factors might affect these different distributions?
The series of events from the arrest of a suspect to the filing of a formal charge is called
the ___________ process.
In 1979, in the case of _____ v. _______ , the U. S. Supreme Court ruled that a child
may waive his or her right to an attorney and his or her right to remain silent.
The punitive era of juvenile justice (from 1980 to the present) is known as the
_________ period.
_____-member juries must vote unanimously to convict a defendant.