Fundamentals of Taxation 2011 4th Edition

A simulation is a study that is designed to _____. A.occur under actual environmental conditions B.imitate reality C.facilitate measurement D.control all possible variables E.all of the above Answer: B. Answer: B. Answer: B. Which type of validity refers to the degree to which scores on one scale correlate with scores on other scales designed to

Which of the following types of validity refers to the extent to which measurement scales provide adequate coverage of the investigative questions? A.External B.Content C.Criterion-related D.Construct E.Discriminant Answer: B. Answer: B. Answer: B. Jacob is writing a report on a study of how store traffic changes based on the weather among senior citizens in Florida.

To evaluate the effect of the treatment in a pretest, posttest control group design, _____ is calculated. A.(O2-O1) - (O4-O3) B.O1-O3 C.O4-O3 D.O2-O3 E.O4-O2 Answer: A. Answer: A. Answer: A. A local restaurant is planning a study on demand for meals over holiday weekends. In calculating the desired sample size for the study, the restaurant's

SEM relies upon _____ to present predictive and associative relationships among constructs and indicators in a model. A.scatterplots B.path diagrams C.boxplots D.pie charts E.Pareto diagrams Answer: B. Answer: B. Answer: B. Jack is performing a factor analysis on twenty items relevant to perceptions of service quality. Using a principal components approach, the following eigenvalues were

In the study of bystanders and thieves presented in the text, participants are invited to a store where they see someone steal the purse of another customer. The accosted shopper and the thief are really acting their parts to set the stage for the experiment. Participants view the robbery alone or

Which term below refers to a construct that is presumed to exist, but can only be inferred from data? A.Conceptual scheme B.Hypothetical construct C.Operational definition D.Confounding variable E.Extraneous variable Answer: B. Answer: B. Answer: B. Several psychological principles have important implications for speakers. Which of the following is true? A.An audience member comes to the presentation with

The Internet is fastest growing survey data collection mode. Which of the following is not a reason for the growth in this mode? A.Speed of response B.Cost savings C.Elimination of data entry D.Ease of providing monetary incentives E.All of the above are reasons Answer: D. Answer: D. Answer: D. When sample sizes exceed _____, the

When evaluating an information source, the time period and geographic limitations are considered as part of the _____ factor. A.purpose B.scope C.authority D.audience E.format Answer: B. Answer: B. Answer: B. Data analysis is _____ when the analytical process is guided by classical statistical inference in its use of significance and confidence. A.confirmatory B.descriptive C.exploratory D.conclusive E.forensic Answer: A. Answer: A.

With the _____ method, missing values are estimated using all cases that had data for each variable in the analysis. A.pair-wise deletion B.replacement C.listwise deletion D.minimized deletion E.case-specific deletion Answer: A. Answer: A. Answer: A. Which type of research attempts a precise measurement of some behavior, knowledge, opinion, or attitude? A.Quantitative B.Qualitative C.Exploratory D.Cross-sectional E.Longitudinal Answer: A. Answer: A. Answer:

Explain the primary differences between preexperiments, true experiments, and quasi-experiments. Answer: Preexperiments are designated as such because of their weak designs. Preexperiments do not provide for the random assignment of participants. Some of the designs also do not allow for the use of a pretest which can be used to

A stem-and-leaf display differs from a histogram in that a stem-and-leaf display _____. A.presents actual data values B.groups values into intervals C.represents data using bars or asterisks D.illustrates each interval with a color for visualization E.is appropriate for nominal data Answer: A. Answer: A. Answer: A. Which of the following terms refers to the variation

A case study is one that _____. A.attempts to capture a population's characteristics by making inferences from a sample's characteristics and testing resulting hypotheses B.emphasizes a full contextual analysis of a few events or conditions and their interrelations C.discovers answers to the questions who, what, when, where, or how much D.attempts to reveal why

Which of the following is an example of an after-only case study experimental design? A.Store traffic is measured following the announcement of a clearance sale B.Store traffic is measured; a sale is announced; store traffic is measured again C.People who saw an ad are compared to people who didn't see the ad on

Bill often feels insecure about how others view him. To increase his feelings of self-esteem, Bill often buys expensive, luxury items. Self-esteem is an example of a _____. A.construct B.fact C.concept D.theory E.model Answer: A. Answer: A. Answer: A. "The introduction of a four day week leads to increased productivity particularly among young workers by improving

What types of information can threaten participant confidentiality? A.Ethnicity B.Telephone numbers C.Household income D.Educational level E.Gender Answer: B. Answer: B. Answer: B. With which of the following sampling techniques is the practice of double sampling typically found? A.Simple random B.Stratified C.Systematic D.Purposive E.Quota Answer: B. Answer: B. Answer: B. The random digit dialing (RDD) technique used commonly in conjunction with

Which of the following is another term for dependent variable? A.Discrete B.Criterion C.Mediator D.Predictor E.Construct Answer: B. Answer: B. Answer: B. Which type of sampling technique involves selecting research participants with no attempt at generating a statistically representative sample? A.Probability B.Nonprobability C.Random D.Systematic E.Cluster Answer: B. Answer: B. Answer: B. Which section of a technical report includes discussion of sampling

Jane is conducting interviews in order to develop a customer profile for her client. She customizes each interview to each participant and does not ask specific questions. What type of interview format is Jane using? A.Structured B.Semistructured C.Unstructured D.Closed-ended E.Direct interviewing Answer: C. Answer: C. Answer: C. A _____ arrays category codes from lowest value to

All of the following are basic Boolean operators except _____. A.or B.and C.not D.adj E.but Answer: E. Answer: E. Answer: E. Which of the following could threaten the external validity of an experiment? A.Diffusion of treatment B.Artificial setting C.History D.Maturation E.Statistical regression Answer: B. Answer: B. Answer: B. Which of the following symbols is used to reflect Goodman and Kruskal's

The rate at which the printed page presents information to the reader is called _____. A.readability B.speed C.comprehensibility D.pace E.gait Answer: D. Answer: D. Answer: D. What is the 10-20-30 rule? A.30% of the audience will grasp 20% of your statistics if you speak longer than 10 minutes. B.Use no more than 10 slides, no more than

The first step in the data mining process is to _____. A.identify relationships within the data B.modify or transform data C.decide between census data and sample data D.develop a model to explain the data relationships E.test the model's accuracy Answer: C. Answer: C. Answer: C. A _____ is the total collection of elements about which

It is so annoying when people use their cellular telephones in restaurants. What is the basis of the attitude reflected in this statement? A.Cognitive B.Affective C.Conative D.Behavioral E.Peripheral Answer: B. Answer: B. Answer: B. A statistical study is one that _____. A.attempts to capture a population's characteristics by making inferences from a sample's characteristics and testing

Which term below refers to a controlled procedure that assures that each population element is given a known nonzero chance of selection into the sample? A.Nonprobability sampling B.Random selection C.Systematic selection D.Judgment sampling E.Statistical selection Answer: B. Answer: B. Answer: B. Which section of a research report contains all the materials necessary to replicate the

The presence of a(n) _____ is the primary difference between a computer-assisted telephone interview and a computer-administered telephone survey. A.computer B.human interviewer C.supervisor D.participant E.recording device Answer: B. Answer: B. Answer: B. Which type of model allows the researcher to visualize numerous variables and relationships? A.Descriptive B.Predictive C.Normative D.Correlational E.Planning Answer: A. Answer: A. Answer: A. Classification questions seek to

Which term below refers to the error caused by decay in consistency and accuracy on recorded observations over time? A.Observer drift B.Groupthink C.Devil's advocate D.Halo effect E.Self-serving bias Answer: A. Answer: A. Answer: A. When viewing data entered into a spreadsheet, the columns identify _____. A.records B.variables C.categories D.coding instructions E.variable labels Answer: B. Answer: B. Answer: B. When conducting

Which of the following is an advantage of using an omnibus study? A.Ability to reach a convenience sample of consumers B.Cost of less than $2000 per question C.Ability to receive full-service research services D.Ability to receive results in 24-48 hours E.All of the above Answer: D. Answer: D. Answer: D. The Hilton organization is considering

The fundamental weakness in the research process is _____. A.incorrectly defining the research question B.identifying a flawed sampling frame C.misdefining the target population D.failing to identify all relevant secondary information E.skipping the exploratory phase Answer: A. Answer: A. Answer: A. A measurement question whose wording suggests to the participant the desired answer is a(n) _____

In the results of the most recent exam taken in the business research class, the average score was a 74.4. More students earned a 78 than any other score and half the grades were above 72 and half the grades were below 72. What is the arithmetic mean for the business

Which type of report contains all possible report modules? A.Short memo B.Short letter C.Long technical D.Short technical E.Long management Answer: C. Answer: C. Answer: C. Scripts (full manuscripts of a presentation) are A.most frequently used in impromptu speaking. B.important in the planning phase but should be shelved by the time you get to practice. C.more reliable than note

Which of the following groups of words indicates a series of words for which aliasing would be used in the analysis? A.be, is, of, the B.pretty, beautiful, attractive C.search, searching, searches, searched D.going, walking, running, flying E.all of the above Answer: B. Answer: B. Answer: B. The standard error of the estimate is a type

Assuming that the sampling frame is appropriate, systematic variance can be minimized in a study by _____. A.decreasing the sample size B.increasing the sample size C.contacting nonrespondents D.increasing response rates E.matching Answer: B. Answer: B. Answer: B. Elizabeth has just been named project leader on a research project about perceptions of bar soap and body wash.

Which term below refers to a research program or technique that is owned by a single firm? A.Proprietary B.Omnibus C.Full-service D.Limited service E.Internal Answer: A. Answer: A. Answer: A. Which of the following trends is increasing the refusal rate associated with telephone surveys? A.Penetration of mobile telephones B.Replacement of land line telephones with mobile telephones C.Caller id systems D.Negative

What type of data is produced by summated rating scales? A.Nominal B.Ordinal C.Interval D.Ratio E.Nominal and interval Answer: C. Answer: C. Answer: C. A collection of data organized for computerized retrieval is called a _____. A.data mine B.data field C.database D.data code E.computer recognition retrieval system Answer: C. Answer: C. Answer: C. A score in conjoint analysis used to represent

When using the _____ projective technique, participants are asked to write the dialog for a cartoon picture. A.word association B.picture association C.thematic apperception test D.empty balloons E.laddering Answer: D. Answer: D. Answer: D. What type of data is used with conjoint analysis? A.Interval B.Ratio C.Metric D.Nonmetric E.All of the above Answer: D. Answer: D. Answer: D. The basis of persuasion