In the study of bystanders and thieves presented in the text, participants are invited to a
store where they see someone steal the purse of another customer. The accosted shopper
and the thief are really acting their parts to set the stage for the experiment. Participants
view the robbery alone or with another participant. The study sought to determine
whether participants were more likely to report a robbery when they observe it alone or
in the company of another person.
Which of the following statements best represents the hypothesis in the bystanders and
thieves study?
A.People exposed to a robbery will judge the seriousness of the situation according to
the response of the victim.
B.Bystanders will perceive a robbery as less frightening when in the company of
another person.
C.Reports of a robbery are more likely among victims of a robbery when a witness is
present.
D.Bystanders are more likely to report a theft if they view the theft alone than in
another person’s company.
E.Bystanders to a theft will be less likely to shop at the store in which the theft
occurred.
All of the following are popular bibliographic databases used by business researchers
except _____.
A.ABI/Inform
B.Business Source
C.InfoTrac
D.Dow Jones Interactive
E.Lexis-Nexis
When selecting a convenience sample, element selection is based on _____.
A.accessibility
B.judgment
C.random selection
D.area
E.all of the above
Which of the following is true of studies conducted under laboratory conditions?
A.Occur under actual environmental conditions
B.Simulate environmental conditions
C.Imitate reality
D.Dependent variable naturally occurs
E.Facilitate measurement of the variables of interest
For a given sample size, how many pairs of observations will be present?
A.n(n-1)/2
B.n/2
C.n-2/2 +n
D.P-Q/P+Q
E.none of the above
Which format for presenting statistics is best for enhancing comprehension and
providing adequate information?
A.Text presentation
B.Semitabular form
C.Tables
D.Graphics
E.Comparisons
Which of the following hypotheses is a two-tailed test?
A.Hamburger consumption differs among men and women
B.Men consume more hamburgers than women
C.Women are more concerned with the health consequences associated with eating
hamburgers than are men
D.There is no difference in hamburger consumption among men and women
E.All of the above are two-tailed tests
The purpose of _____ is to get a conceptual representation of a respondent’s attitude
toward the attitude object and to compare the relationships between people.
A.Likert scales
B.comparative scales
C.forced rating
D.Q-sorts
E.Stapel scales
Ethnographic research is based on the study of _____.
A.anthropology
B.marketing
C.economics
D.statistics
E.psychology
In a research presentation, a supporting material known as “analogy” is defined as:
A.a critical incident selected to prove an overarching claim; brief rather than detailed
stories.
B.numerical data used in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, but also
found in data collection planning.
C.a comparison between two different things to highlight a point of similarity; not
offered as conclusive proof for an argument, but may be useful to clarify the argument
or presenter’s position.
D.an implicit comparison between two unlike things that actually have something
important in common; expresses the unfamiliar in terms of the familiar, achieving its
effect via association, comparison, and resemblance.
E.verifiable data about situations that exist or events that are known to have occurred;
often involving statistical data.
Which of the following measures is used to detect the strength of a relationship between
nominal variables?
A.Z score
B.t-test
C.X2
D.r2
E.
Measurement questions are questions posed to _____.
A.managers
B.researchers
C.field workers
D.study participants
E.pollsters
Compensatory rivalry refers to the treat to internal validity brought on when _____.
A.people in the experimental group communicate the treatment with people in the
control group
B.researchers compensate the control group as a sort of consolation for not receiving a
desirable treatment
C.competition arises between the groups
D.control group members resent being deprived of a desirable treatment
E.an unusual event occurs when one group, but not both are participating in the study
A _____ is a graphical device for displaying clusters and their relative distances.
A.dendrogram
B.scatterplot
C.Pareto diagram
D.boxplot
E.line graph
Which of the following is not an objective of exploratory research?
A.Expand understanding of management dilemma
B.Gather background information
C.Identify information necessary for formulating investigative questions
D.Identify sources of measurement questions
E.All of the above
A(n) _____ defines a variable in terms of specific measurement criteria.
A.operational definition
B.empirical definition
C.measurement rule
D.mapping rule
E.conceptual definition
The SERVQUAL scale seeks to describe perceptions of service quality with five
dimensions. This scale is _____.
A.unidimensional
B.multidimensional
C.balanced
D.unbalanced
E.valid
Multiple regression is a statistical technique that _____.
A.identifies homogeneous subgroups
B.identifies patterns underlying combinations of the original variables capable of
summarizing the original set
C.develops a perceptual map of the locations of some objects relative to others
D.predicts or explains the value for a dependent variable using the values of
independent variables
E.uses two or more independent, metric variables to classify observations into
categories of a nominal, dependent variable
All of the following are characteristics of complete informed consent except _____.
A.the participant must be competent to give consent
B.consent must be voluntary
C.participants must be adequately informed to make a decision
D.participants must be able to consult legal counsel if they wish
E.participants should know the possible risks associated with the research
Which form of argument presents a conclusion based on reasons or proof?
A.Induction
B.Deduction
C.Logic
D.Philosophy
E.Exposition
The research experiment is superior to the ex post facto research design when the
researcher:
A.Must avoid influencing the variables under study and therefore avoid biasing the
results.
B.Needs to cause variables to be changed or held constant in keeping with specified
research objectives.
C.Is limited to hold all factors constant by selection of subjects according to strict
sampling procedures and statistical manipulation of findings.
D.Decides to use the design more common to research in the social sciences and
business.
Intuitive decision makers tend to base business decisions on _____.
A.business research
B.secondary data
C.primary data
D.proprietary research
E.all of the above
Random error in measurement is the error that occurs _____.
A.erratically
B.due to bias
C.systematically
D.due to sampling
E.none of the above
Some organizations make decisions based on past experience, instincts, or secondary
data searches. These organizations are operating at the _____ tier of the hierarchy of
business decision makers.
A.top
B.middle
C.base
D.pinnacle
E.information
A variable that is assumed or excluded from a research study is a(n) _____ variable.
A.criterion
B.predictor
C.mediator
D.moderator
E.extraneous
The question, “do our conclusions about a demonstrated experimental relationship truly
imply causality?” is addressed by degree of _____ associated with the experiment in
question.
A.internal validity
B.external validity
C.reliability
D.statistical significance
E.substantive significance
The record low in Buffalo, New York for February 16this 20 degrees below 0. Which of
the following characteristics are exhibited by this temperature?
A.Classification only
B.Classification and order
C.Classification, order, and distance
D.Classification, order, distance, and origin
E.Classification, order, distance, origin, and exclusivity
Which type of data collection mode is most appropriate for a survey requiring 45
minutes to complete?
A.Telephone
B.Computer-administered telephone
C.Mail
D.Online
E.Intercept
The failure to secure full participant cooperation for a study can result in _____ error.
A.measurement
B.instrumentation
C.data entry
D.sampling
E.nonresponse
Which of the following statements is not correct about the alternative hypothesis?
A.It may be directional or nondirectional
B.The alternative hypothesis represents the conclusion for which evidence is sought
C.The alternative hypothesis is the opposite of the null hypothesis
D.It is always the hypothesis tested
E.None of the statements are correct
Which of the following is a concern with data mining?
A.The database was created for a reason that may not be compatible with the
management question
B.It is secondary data
C.It provides the potential for extracting meaningful information
D.It is a starting point for decision-based research
E.It offers readily-available data
If the hypothesis presented is tested using a .05 alpha level and the resulting p value is .
01, which of the following interpretations of the results is most appropriate?
A.There is no relationship between income and food expenditures
B.There is a relationship between income and food expenditures
C.As income increases, food expenditures increase
D.As income decreases, the percentage of income spent on food increases
E.None of the above