A stem-and-leaf display differs from a histogram in that a stem-and-leaf display _____.
A.presents actual data values
B.groups values into intervals
C.represents data using bars or asterisks
D.illustrates each interval with a color for visualization
E.is appropriate for nominal data
Which of the following terms refers to the variation in measures due to some known or
unknown influence that causes the scores to skew in one direction or another?
A.Precision
B.Standard error
C.Systematic variance
D.Sampling error
E.Random error
Anne is introducing a group of research participants to the study at hand. To ensure
adequate oral consent, she should include all of the following components in her
introduction except _____.
A.research organization
B.promise of anonymity and confidentiality
C.sponsoring organization
D.purpose of the research
E.estimate of when the research study will be published
Which of the following symbols is used to reflect the measure, lambda?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Hilton Hotels wishes to conduct a study on the determinants of brand loyalty among
Hilton Hotel customers. The Hilton organization estimates that 10% of its 2, 600,000
Hilton Honors club members are loyal to the Hilton brand wherever they travel.
However, the remaining members may choose other hotel brands at times. The
organization wants to understand how to increase loyalty among the other 90% of club
members.
In the Hilton example, the population for the study is _____.
A.travelers requiring overnight lodging
B.guests at Hilton-brand hotels
C.Hilton Honors club members
D.the top 10% of Hilton Honors club members
E.the 90% of Hilton Honors club members who are not brand loyal
Research designs may be viewed as being
A.Exploratory or experimental
B.Laboratory or ex post facto
C.Cross-sectional or case
D.Descriptive or causal
E.Longitudinal or statistical
Which of the following statements is not true concerning conjoint analysis?
A.The underlying assumption is that any set of stimuli, such as products, brands, or
stores, is evaluated as a bundle of attributes
B.It relies on respondent’s subjective evaluations
C.It seeks to develop the part-worth or utility scores describing the importance of each
aspect of a product or service in the subject’s overall preference ratings
D.The stimuli in conjoint analysis are products or brands
E.Utility scores are computed from the subjects’ rankings of a set of cards
Local history refers to the treat to internal validity brought on when _____.
A.people in the experimental group communicate the treatment with people in the
control group
B.researchers compensate the control group as a sort of consolation for not receiving a
desirable treatment
C.competition arises between the groups
D.control group members resent being deprived of a desirable treatment
E.an unusual event occurs when one group, but not both are participating in the study
How can an instrument designer counteract biases arising from primacy and recency
effects?
A.Randomize the question order
B.Utilize the split-ballot technique
C.Include questions designed to measure a participant’s susceptibility to order bias
D.Provide an other option in the response choices
E.All of the above
What is the first question a report writer should ask prior to writing the report?
A.Who will read the report?
B.What is the purpose of this report?
C.What are the limitations of the report?
D.How will the report be used?
E.How important is the topic?
The hypothesis that the number of hours worked is related to student grade point
average is a _____ hypothesis.
A.null
B.one-tailed test
C.two-tailed test
D.test of proportions
E.test of means
What type of data is produced by simple category scales?
A.Nominal
B.Ordinal
C.Interval
D.Ratio
E.Nominal and interval
If levels of attrition are high among study participants, _____ will threaten the internal
validity of the study.
A.history
B.maturation
C.testing
D.instrumentation
E.mortality
Hypothesis testing of the effectiveness of two experimental manipulations against a
control group finds that there is a significant difference in the mean score by group and
the null hypothesis is rejected. Which test below can be used to determine where a
difference exists?
A.ANOVA
B.X2
C.F ratio
D.Z test
E.Scheffe’s S
Which of the following measures is useful for detecting the presence of
multicollinearity in a regression equation?
A.Variable inflation factor
B.Standard error
C.Correlation coefficient
D.Beta
E.Alpha
Which law was the first to guarantee Americans the right to privacy?
A.The Bill of Rights
B.Privacy Protection Act
C.Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act
D.Privacy Act
E.Civil Rights Act
John must submit a progress report to his client every six weeks throughout the research
project. What type of report should John use?
A.Formal
B.Technical
C.Short
D.Management
E.Long
Regression analysis seeks to _____.
A.predict Y using X values
B.evaluate differences between X and Y
C.determine whether X and Y are part of the same construct
D.determine whether the means of X and Y are significantly different
E.all of the above
The process of stating the basic dilemma and then developing other questions by
progressively breaking down the original question into more specific ones is called the
_____.
A.research question
B.management-research-question hierarchy
C.management dilemma
D.management question
E.investigative question
Which of the following shapes best represents a normal distribution as it is depicted
graphically?
A.Square
B.Bell
C.Triangle
D.Star
E.Hat
_____ interviews have certain specific questions that are asked of all participants but
also allow the interviewer freedom to probe the respondent based on his or her specific
answers.
A.Structured
B.Semistructured
C.Unstructured
D.Closed-ended
E.Direct interviewing
Which of the following is a correlational hypothesis?
A.A decrease in the value of the US dollar relative to other currencies leads to an
increase in exports.
B.Education on the process of preparing meat for consumption leads to a decrease in
the consumption of hamburgers.
C.An increase in family income leads to an increase in the percentage of income spent
on housing.
D.Low interest rates resulted in a record year for real estate investment trusts (REITs)
as individuals invested in real estate rather than other forms of investment.
E.People in the South tend to rate the President more favorably than do people in the
North.
In the results of the most recent exam taken in the business research class, the average
score was a 74.4. More students earned a 78 than any other score and half the grades
were above 72 and half the grades were below 72.
What is the median for the business research exam scores?
A.74.4
B.78
C.72
D.50
E.Between 50 and 100
BankChoice is concerned about stagnating profits and asks, “How can profitability be
improved?” This is an example of a(n) _____.
A.management question
B.research question
C.investigative question
D.measurement question
E.management dilemma
Choosing between the questions “Do you think the distribution of soft drinks is
adequate?” (Incorrect) and “Do you think soft drinks are readily available when you
want to buy them?” (Correct) are examples of situations that pertain to _____.
A.avoiding leading questions
B.avoiding biased words
C.presuming knowledge
D.ensuring the right frame of reference
E.providing time for thought
When participants do not know if they are being exposed to the experimental treatment,
they are said to be _____.
A.blind
B.deceived
C.concealed
D.controlled
E.debriefed
Which of the following statements about the number of scale points is not true?
A.Reliability increases as the number of scale points increase
B.Validity decreases as the number of scale points increase
C.Larger numbers of scale points provide the ability to extract more variance
D.Larger numbers of scale points increase accuracy in unidimensional scales
E.Additional scale points increase measurement sensitivity
_____ is concerned with the interaction of the experimental treatment with other factors
and the resulting impact on the ability to generalize results to other times, settings, or
persons.
A.Reliability
B.External validity
C.Internal validity
D.Statistical significance
E.Substantive significance
In which of the following situations should a study’s objective be disguised?
A.When the study’s objective is unlikely to affect the participants’ responses
B.When requesting willingly shared, conscious-level information
C.When requesting reluctantly shared, conscious-level information
D.When requesting knowable, conscious-level information
E.When requesting willingly shared, knowable information
Anne is moderating a focus group of university professors to understand how they use
multimedia in the classroom. All of the participants teach classes with more than 100
students at large, public universities. The composition of this group could be described
as _____.
A.heterogeneous
B.homogeneous
C.nonexpert
D.dyadic
E.none of the above