With the _____ method, missing values are estimated using all cases that had data for
each variable in the analysis.
A.pair-wise deletion
B.replacement
C.listwise deletion
D.minimized deletion
E.case-specific deletion
Which type of research attempts a precise measurement of some behavior, knowledge,
opinion, or attitude?
A.Quantitative
B.Qualitative
C.Exploratory
D.Cross-sectional
E.Longitudinal
_____ observation occurs when the observer is physically present, and personally
monitors and records the behavior of the participant.
A.Indirect
B.Direct
C.Concealed
D.Disguised
E.Spatial
Which statistical technique uses analysis of covariance structures to explain causality
among constructs?
A.Regression analysis
B.Factor analysis
C.Discriminant analysis
D.MANOVA
E.Structural equation modeling
_____ are original works of research or raw data without interpretation that represent an
official opinion or position.
A.Secondary sources
B.Primary sources
C.Statistical sources
D.Bibliographies
E.Indexes
The tendency for respondents to be agreeable is called _____.
A.social desirability responding
B.acquiescence
C.elaboration likelihood
D.agreeableness
E.conscientiousness
Bill wants to write the equation that demonstrates the model for explaining quarter-life
crisis. He is using optimism, locus of control, income, and years since completing
college as explanatory variables. Which of the following equations is most appropriate?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.none of the above
The median is an appropriate measure of central tendency for _____ data.
A.interval
B.ratio
C.ordinal
D.nominal
E.all of the above
Which of the following is true of quantitative research?
A.It uses a nonprobability sampling method
B.Results are generalizable
C.Data analysis is ongoing during the project
D.Sample sizes are generally small
E.It uses multiple data collection methods
Ill-defined problems are those that _____.
A.cannot be expressed completely or easily
B.cannot be answered
C.can be answered through data mining
D.cannot be addressed with secondary data
E.develop in method-bound research projects
When using the _____ projective technique, participants are presented with flash cards
containing component features and asked to create new combinations.
A.component sorts
B.picture association
C.thematic apperception test
D.sensory sorts
E.laddering
If a _____ sampling design is chosen, the process for choosing the sample must give
every person within the target population a known nonzero chance of selection.
A.census
B.judgment
C.nonprobability
D.probability
E.primary
Which procedure for finding a regression line keeps errors of estimate to a minimum?
A.Method of least squares
B.Elaboration likelihood method
C.General linear model
D.Goodness of fit
E.Standardized residual effect
Participants in a study designed to identify symbolic benefits associated with Sutter
Home wines are shown a photograph of a man eating at an upscale restaurant. The man
in the picture is alone and has a glass of wine with his mea. The participants are asked
to describe how the person in the picture feels and thinks. This is an example of a(n)
_____ projective technique.
A.picture association
B.empty balloons
C.thematic apperception test
D.imagination exercise
E.personification
In surveys conducted with telephone interviews or in-person interviews, which form of
order bias is likely to occur?
A.Recency effect
B.Primacy effect
C.Halo effect
D.Demand effect
E.Leniency
Data on a university’s enrollments are available in all university departments through a
client server network. This data availability is best referred to as information available
____
A.Online
B.Internet-based
C.Data warehoused
D.Intranet-based (LAN)
How many participants are typically in a mini-group interview?
A.2
B.3
C.2 to 6
D.6 to 10
E.Up to 20
What other area of the research process is affected by the exploration phase?
A.Research design
B.Research proposal
C.Investigative questions
D.Measurement questions
E.All of the above
Some research companies use templates that can be modified for specific presentations.
When multiple presentations are made to the same audience of managers using such a
template, presentations
A.may fail to hold attention and communicate persuasively
B.will be greeted enthusiastically by typical managers
C.will meet the requirements of planning in analog
D.will meet the requirements for audience analysis
Every time a Netflix customer returns a DVD, Netflix asks the customer to evaluate the
DVD on a scale of one to five. A five means that the customer thoroughly enjoyed the
DVD while a one means that the customer hated the DVD. Netflix is using a(n) _____
question to learn customer preferences.
A.administrative
B.checklist
C.ranking
D.rating
E.semantic differential
A _____ scale measure the psychological meanings of an attitude object using bipolar
adjectives.
A.Likert
B.summated rating
C.Stapel
D.semantic differential
E.constant sums
Hilton Hotels wishes to conduct a study on the determinants of brand loyalty among
Hilton Hotel customers. The Hilton organization estimates that 10% of its 2, 600,000
Hilton Honors club members are loyal to the Hilton brand wherever they travel.
However, the remaining members may choose other hotel brands at times. The
organization wants to understand how to increase loyalty among the other 90% of club
members.
In a follow-up survey to the Hilton study on brand loyalty, the organization plans to
focus solely on estimating the attributes of the 10% of Hilton Honors members who are
thought to be brand loyal. In this example, 10% is the _____.
A.sample statistic
B.population parameter
C.population variance
D.population proportion of incidence
E.sampling frame
_____ statistics considers subjective probability estimates while _____ statistics
considers only objective estimates.
A.Classical, Bayesian
B.Inductive, deductive
C.Bayesian, classical
D.Descriptive, exploratory
E.Exploratory, descriptive
All of the following can improve participant motivation to respond except _____.
A.developing rapport
B.assuring confidentiality
C.building participant interest in the topic
D.offering an incentive
E.limiting the number of questions asked
The occurrence of errors caused by a halo effect can sometimes be minimized by
choosing observers with a low degree of _____.
A.concentration
B.detail-orientation
C.experience
D.distinctiveness
E.enthusiasm
Nonverbal observation includes the recording of _____.
A.temporal style
B.linguistics
C.proxemics
D.kinesics
E.motor expressions
The primary concern with using qualitative techniques is that qualitative data are too
_____.
A.expensive
B.time-consuming
C.subjective
D.objective
E.structured
A _____ is a set of systematically interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions
that are advanced to explain or predict phenomena.
A.conceptual scheme
B.hypothesis
C.theory
D.diagram
E.factual schema
Ex Post Facto evaluation means that the research is evaluated _____.
A.prior to execution
B.based on the facts
C.after the research concludes
D.each day throughout the project
E.none of the above
The hypothesis that men and women use the Internet approximately the same number of
hours per week is a _____ hypothesis.
A.null
B.one-tailed test
C.two-tailed test
D.test of proportions
E.test of means
Companies that comply with the _____ are granted immunity from legal action under
the EU’s data protection directive.
A.Privacy Protection Act
B.Safe Harbor Agreement
C.Data Mining Protection Agreement
D.Consumer Online Privacy Act
E.Gramm-Leach-Bliley Agreement
The primary advantage of the contingency coefficient C is _____.
A.it can only be used on 2 x 2 tables
B.that it can accommodate skewed data
C.it is comparable to phi
D.it replaced chi-square
E.it is asymmetrical
A cognitive basis for an attitude means that the attitude is based on a _____.
A.feeling
B.behavior
C.value
D.culture
E.belief
The federal government conducts a census of the U.S. population rather than a sample
because _____.
A.a census is less expensive than a sample
B.a sample may not fully represent the population
C.it is faster to collect data using a census
D.data collection is more manageable
E.all of the above
Explain the essential tenets of the scientific method and why this method is important
for business research.
What are the three types of evidence a research seeks when testing causal hypotheses?
Explain.
What advantages do stem-and-leaf displays provide over histograms?
What is the primary difference between rating scales and ranking scales? List two types
of each scale.
Explain how to develop a stem-and-leaf display.
List the five steps that are basic to most cluster studies.
What are the four rules that guide the coding and categorization of a data set? Explain
why each one is important for researchers.
Explain how researchers can address individuals’ right to privacy.
What are the seven basic principles of the U.S. Safe Harbor Agreement? List each
principle and explain what it means for companies seeking to adhere to the agreement.
Discuss the strengths and limitations of observation as a data collection method.
What are the steps in drafting and refining a survey instrument?
Explain the steps involved in the data mining process.
The exploratory research phase of a research project allows a researcher to accomplish
several objectives. Name three of the objectives common to this stage.
Explain the three bases for attitudes. Provide an example for each one.
Identify the three sources of error in communication research. Explain how each source
can contribute to error.
Explain the meaning of pretesting and why instrument designers should pretest
questionnaires prior to using them in a study.
What are three ways to keep your audience from “checking out?”
What are the three types of budgets in organizations where research is purchased and
cost containment is crucial? List and describe each one. Is one more desirable than the
others? Explain.
What are the assumptions for using parametric tests for hypothesis testing?
What can a researcher determine through the use of cross-tabulations?