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Which term below refers to the error caused by decay in consistency and accuracy on
recorded observations over time?
A.Observer drift
B.Groupthink
C.Devil's advocate
D.Halo effect
E.Self-serving bias
When viewing data entered into a spreadsheet, the columns identify _____.
A.records
B.variables
C.categories
D.coding instructions
E.variable labels
When conducting an ANOVA, if the F ratio is close to 1, which of the following
interpretations is true?
A.The null hypothesis is rejected
B.There is no difference between the means of the groups examined
C.The population means are unequal
D.The between-groups variance is twice the within-groups variance
E.All of the above are true
Differences in respondent responses associated with where the interview took place,
such as at the mall, in a home, or over the telephone are errors originating from the
_____ associated with the study.
A.situational factors
B.respondent
C.interviewer
D.instrument
E.sample
The use of videotaping, mirrored windows, and props are most feasible in _____
studies.
A.structured observation
B.unstructured observation
C.natural
D.laboratory
E.field
Observation is an appropriate method for data collection in all of the following
conditions except _____.
A.purpose must be disguised
B.natural setting is necessary
C.anonymity is desired
D.memory decay is a factor
E.behavioral data is needed
Scales that allow participants to select a "don't know" or "no opinion" response are
called _____.
A.unforced-choice
B.multidimensional
C.balanced
D.unbalanced
E.forced-choice
Which of the following is an example of a one-group pre-test post-test experimental
design?
A.Store traffic is measured following the announcement of a clearance sale
B.Store traffic is measured; a sale is announced; store traffic is measured again
C.People who saw an ad are compared to people who didn't see the ad on their attitude
toward the brand
D.Random assignment is used to divide participants into the control and experimental
groups; a control group responds to a pre-test on brand preferences and a post-test; an
experimental group responds to a pre-test, is exposed to a commercial for the brand,
and responds to a post-test
E.Random assignment is used to divide participants into control and experimental
groups; the experimental group is exposed to a commercial and then attitude toward the
brand is measured; attitude toward the brand is also measured for the control group
What type of question seeks to address the investigative questions of a specific study?
A.classification questions
B.Target questions
C.Supervisory questions
D.Administrative questions
E.Disguised questions
A descriptive study is one that _____.
A.attempts to capture a population's characteristics by making inferences from a
sample's characteristics and testing resulting hypotheses
B.emphasizes a full contextual analysis of a few events or conditions and their
interrelations
C.discovers answers to the questions who, what, when, where, or how much
D.attempts to reveal why or how one variable produces changes in another
E.provides repeated measures over an extended period of time
Cross-tabulations with more than two variables are called _____ tables.
A.multivariate
B.n-way
C.kth
D.CHAID
E.nested
An advertisement for the drug, PLAVIX, states the following: " 'if you've been
hospitalized for heart-related chest pain or a certain type of heart attack.' Doctors call
these conditions ACS, or Acute Coronary Syndrome. You can do more to help protect
yourself against a future heart attack or stroke - ask your doctor about adding PLAVIX.
For most, heart attack or stroke is caused when platelets form clots that block the flow
of blood to the heart or brain. Think aspiring and other heart medications alone are
enough? Adding PLAVIX could help protect you against a future heart attack or stroke.
PLAVIX, added to aspirin and your current treatment, helps raise your protection
against a future heart attack or stroke. Prescription PLAVIX and your other medications
work in different ways. Adding PLAVIX can go beyond your current treatment.
PLAVIX, taken with aspirin, plays its own role in keeping platelets from sticking
together and forming clots - which helps keep blood flowing. Talk to your doctor about
PLAVIX."
If we were to conduct a content analysis of the PLAVIX advertisement, platelets would
be considered _____ units.
A.syntactical
B.referential
C.propositional
D.thematic
E.semiotic
Field editing is necessary to _____.
A.send data back to the analysis team each day
B.elaborate on abbreviations commonly used during field work
C.validate that interviews took place
D.screen for qualified respondents
E.all of the above
Which of the following channels of communication would not be used when
conducting interviews?
A.Face-to-face
B.Telephone
C.Chat room
D.Mail
E.Instant messaging
Interview guides begin with _____ questions, following a hierarchical questioning
structure.
A.narrow issue
B.narrow topical
C.broad issue
D.narrow interest
E.any of the above
The ability for an observer to remember the key aspects of an experience is most
associated with the observer's level or degree of _____.
A.concentration
B.detail-orientation
C.experience
D.distinctiveness
E.enthusiasm
Consider the following array of numbers: 5 6 7 7 7 8 8 9 9 9 10 15 19 20 21
In the array provided, what is the mode?
A.7
B.9
C.10
D.15
E.Both A and B
Which of the following types of telephone calls are forbidden for individuals
participating in the national Do Not Call registry?
A.Political polling
B.Telephone surveys
C.Requests for charitable donations
D.Telemarketing
E.All of the above
As one increases the significance level accepted for hypothesis testing, the probability
of committing a type II error _____.
A.increases
B.decreases
C.stays the same
D.is rejected
E.is accepted
All of the following are unethical activities except _____.
A.violating nondisclosure agreements
B.revealing the names of research participants
C.stating that a survey will take 10 minutes to complete when the actual time is 15
minutes
D.invoicing for time that was not spent on the project
E.providing incentives for respondents
Under the guidelines established by the Privacy Act of 1974 and the Privacy Protection
Act of 1980, individuals have the right to _____.
A.refuse to be interviewed
B.refuse to answer any question in an interview
C.refuse to answer the telephone
D.be free from observation in private places
E.all of the above
_____ variables product data that fit into three or more categories with specific assigned
values.
A.Dichotomous
B.Discrete
C.Operational
D.Independent
E.Continuous
Contact information for professional organizations and companies in a field may be
located in a(n) _____.
A.index
B.bibliography
C.handbook
D.dictionary
E.directory
_____ occurs when the sample results lead to the rejection of a null hypothesis that is in
fact true.
A.Type I error
B.Two-tailed error
C.Type II error
D.One-tailed error
E.Parametric significance
American Airlines is conducting a qualitative study on preferences of business travelers
who fly frequently. Before inviting an individual to participate, the researcher on the
project wants to ensure that all participants travel for business more than pleasure and
meet the American Airlines' definition of frequent flier. What is the best way for the
researcher to ensure that participants will meet these criteria?
A.Use a recruitment screener prior to inviting individuals to participate
B.Delete interviews after the study ends from those who don't meet the qualifications
C.Draw a sample from a list of people with an American Airlines affinity credit card
D.Draw a sample from a list of people with an affinity credit card associated with any
airline
E.Contact a travel agency for a list of prospects
Consider the following survey question and response categories: Where do you like to
go on vacations? Check all that apply. The response options are 1) beach, 2) spa, 3)
adventure, 4) big city, 5) foreign travel, 6) cruise.
Which of the following code descriptions is most appropriate for coding responses to
the vacation survey question?
A.1 = beach, 2 = spa, 3 = adventure, 4 = big city, 5 = foreign travel, 6 = cruise
B.1 = beach only, 2 = beach and spa, 3 = beach, spa, and adventure, 4 = beach, spa,
adventure, and big city, 5 = beach, spa, adventure, big city, and foreign travel, 6 = all of
the above
C.1 = one item checked, 2 = two items checked, 3 = three items checked, 4 = four items
checked, 5 = five items checked, 6 = six items checked
D.1 = yes, 0 = no
E.None of the above
Erosion measures and accretion measures are both types of _____.
A.process analysis
B.data mining
C.reactive measures
D.record analysis
E.unobtrusive measures
It is possible for a correlation coefficient of .12 to be statistically significant when
_____.
A.the variables have a positive covariance
B.the variables have a negative covariance
C.the sample is large
D.the sample is small
E.it is meaningful
A privacy guarantee not only protects participants but also protects _____.
A.research from legal liability
B.the sponsoring organization
C.the validity of the study
D.the value of the research
E.against fraud
Which of the following is an example of a primary source of information?
A.Census data
B.Newspaper articles
C.Encyclopedias
D.Google searches
E.Internal sales reports
_____ tests are hypothesis testing procedures that assume that the variables of interest
are measured on at least an interval scale.
A.Parameter
B.Parametric
C.Nonparametric
D.Significance
E.Metric
What information is presented in a stem-and-leaf display?
A.Percent
B.Actual values
C.Valid percent
D.Cumulative percent
E.Value labels
