All of the following are basic Boolean operators except _____.
A.or
B.and
C.not
D.adj
E.but
Which of the following could threaten the external validity of an experiment?
A.Diffusion of treatment
B.Artificial setting
C.History
D.Maturation
E.Statistical regression
Which of the following symbols is used to reflect Goodman and Kruskal’s gamma?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
An analysis of past sales data shows that the average household purchases a new
vacuum cleaner approximately every seven years. The extraction of this type of
information is known as _____.
A.process analysis
B.data mining
C.obtrusive measures
D.record analysis
E.trace evidence
The guarantee of informed consent can be traced to the first ten points in the _____.
A.Consumer Bill of Rights
B.Nuremberg Code
C.Constitution
D.5th Amendment
E.Kyoto Treaty
Focus groups should not be used when _____.
A.facing a high-risk decision
B.stimulating new ideas for products
C.obtaining general background about a topic
D.uncovering perceptions about a brand
E.diagnosing problems
On a survey of how students spend their time, one question asks, “Which of the
following best describes your employment status?” The response options provided are
1) not employed, 2) employed part-time, 3) employed full-time, 4) full-time student,
and 5) other.
Which of the following code descriptions is most appropriate for the employment status
question?
A.1 = not employed, 2 = employed part-time, 3 = employed full-time, 4 = full-time
student, 5 = other, 9 = missing
B.1 = checked, 0 = not checked
C.1 = not employed, full-time student, 2 = employed full-time, 3 = employed part-time,
full-time student, 4 = not employed, other, 5 = other
D.All of the above are correct
E.None of the above are correct
Which of the following is the first step in an exploratory study?
A.Identifying the target population
B.Choosing a sample
C.Interviewing experts
D.Conducting a literature search
E.Writing interview questions
What is the meaning of a significant correlation coefficient?
A.It reflects the probability of the relationship occurring in the population
B.It reflects the magnitude of the relationship
C.It reflects the direction of the relationship
D.It reflects the importance of the finding
E.It refers to the meaningfulness of the result
Checklists produce _____ data.
A.nominal
B.ordinal
C.interval
D.ratio
E.nominal and interval
Hilton Hotels wishes to conduct a study on the determinants of brand loyalty among
Hilton Hotel customers. The Hilton organization estimates that 10% of its 2, 600,000
Hilton Honors club members are loyal to the Hilton brand wherever they travel.
However, the remaining members may choose other hotel brands at times. The
organization wants to understand how to increase loyalty among the other 90% of club
members.
In the Hilton example, the sampling frame is made up of the _____.
A.list of Hilton Honors club members
B.list of guests staying at any Hilton hotel during a designated period of time
C.list of the top 10% of Hilton Honors club members
D.list of the 90% of Hilton Honors members who are not brand loyal
E.list of guests at Hilton’s top competitors
A(n) _____ study involves manipulation of one or more variables to determine the
effect on another variable.
A.ex post facto
B.exploratory
C.experimental
D.statistical
E.causal
Which characteristic of mapping rules refers to ordered numbers in which one number
is greater than, less than, or equal to another number?
A.Classification
B.Order
C.Distance
D.Origin
E.Exclusivity
Participants tend to _____ when they make an error of leniency.
A.be easy raters
B.give no opinion answers
C.choose the central or neutral point
D.rate objects consistently from question to question
E.procrastinate in making choices
_____ describes how scores cluster or scatter in a distribution.
A.Mode
B.Mean
C.Median
D.Dispersion
E.Range
A telephone focus group is a viable alternative to a traditional focus group when _____.
A.participants need to handle a product
B.it is difficult to recruit desired participants
C.sessions will run long
D.participants are groups of children
E.all of the above
Research should be designed such that participants do not experience _____.
A.physical harm
B.discomfort
C.embarrassment
D.loss of privacy
E.all of the above
In bivariate regression, which statement is true concerning the coefficient of
determination, r2?
A.r2 is the square of the simple correlation coefficient obtained by correlating the two
variables
B.r2 varies between 0 and 1
C.r2 signifies the proportion of the total variation in Y accounted for by the variation in
X
D.all of the above
E.none of the above
Boxplots are said to incorporate resistant statistics because:
A.They are constructed with a five-number summary.
B.Do not contain weak measures of central tendency like the median.
C.Are based on a new type of dispersion statistics.
D.Use whiskers to represent quartiles.
InZone Research will survey fans attending one of the Final Four games to assess
preferences for pricing and products offered at concession stands. What type of study is
this an example of?
A.formal
B.cross-sectional
C.longitudinal
D.monitoring
E.ex post facto
Which type of nonprobability sampling technique involves choosing participants
arbitrarily for their unique characteristics, experiences, attitudes, or perceptions?
A.Random sampling
B.Purposive sampling
C.Convenience sampling
D.Snowball sampling
E.Quota sampling
Ebony will observe the behaviors of customers in a chain of jewelry stores. Before
beginning the observation studies, Ebony decides to observe behaviors in the stores on
Wednesdays between 10 a.m. and 12 p.m. and on Saturdays between 2 p.m. and 6 p.m.
This selection of time points to observe and record behavior is known as _____.
A.time sampling
B.quota sampling
C.convenience sampling
D.event sampling
E.snowball sampling
Under which of the following conditions must the null hypothesis be rejected?
A.p value <
B.p value >
C.p value =
D.p value cannot be determined
E.p value is unrelated to hypothesis testing
Which type of nonprobability sampling technique is most useful when individuals with
the desired characteristics, experiences, or attitudes are difficult to identify or reach?
A.Random sampling
B.Purposive sampling
C.Convenience sampling
D.Snowball sampling
E.Quota sampling
Which statement is not true concerning the t distribution?
A.Compared to the normal distribution, the t distribution has more area in the tails and
less in the center.
B.As the number of degrees of freedom increases, the t distribution approaches the
normal distribution.
C.The t distributions are skewed to the left.
D.The population variance is unknown and is estimated by the sample variance s2.
E.As the sample size increases beyond 120, the t and Z distributions are
indistinguishable.
All of the following are types of nonprobability sampling techniques except _____.
A.purposive sampling
B.snowball sampling
C.convenience sampling
D.random sampling
E.all are types of nonprobability techniques
Compensatory equalization refers to the treat to internal validity brought on when
_____.
A.people in the experimental group communicate the treatment with people in the
control group
B.researchers compensate the control group as a sort of consolation for not receiving a
desirable treatment
C.competition arises between the groups
D.control group members resent being deprived of a desirable treatment
E.an unusual event occurs when one group, but not both are participating in the study
Which of the following design principles refers to the fact that the audience should be
able to see the connection between visual slide elements and sense what information
goes together?
A.Contrast
B.Clarity
C.Relationship
D.Whitespace
E.Flow aids
A synopsis of the problem, findings, and recommendations are provided in the ____
section of a research report.
A.executive summary
B.abstract
C.overview
D.implementation
E.technical appendix
The _____ describes the function of every government agency and is useful for
identifying key personnel and agency contacts, including those at the local and regional
levels.
A.ABI/Inform
B.Congressional Directory
C.U.S. Government Manual
D.J.D. Power
E.Monthly Catalog of U.S. Government Publications
Which characteristic of mapping rules refers to a series of numbers in which each
number in the series is an equal distance from the next number?
A.Classification
B.Order
C.Distance
D.Origin
E.Exclusivity
In a restaurant complaint study, Dr. Jackson used deception to avoid biasing the
participants. In this situation, what should Dr. Jackson do once the research is
complete?
A.Apologize
B.Pay the participants
C.Debrief the participants
D.Seek psychological attention for the participants
E.All of the above
Which type of interview requires the least amount of skill and creativity on the part of
the interviewer?
A.Unstructured
B.Structured
C.Semistructured
D.Exploratory
E.Briefing