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1.3 Identify and characterize a good theory. iv. Illustrates how criminology informs policies and programs. v. The concluding section provides an overview of victimology and various issues related to victims of crime. Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 […]

Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: What Is a Crime? Difficulty Level: Easy Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: What […]

2.3 Distinguish the major differences between the Uniform Crime Reports and the National Crime Victimization Survey. statistics are available to describe, or gauge, criminal activity that can influence community well–being. iv. Measuring crime is also needed for risk assessment of […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 39. ______ analysis of crime focuses on crime places. One major aspect is mapping crimes which provide information as location, distance, direction, and pattern. a. Spatial b. Navigational c. Directional d. Incorporational […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Test Bank CHAPTER 2: MEASURING CRIME Multiple Choice 1. Instances when crimes do not come to the attention of law enforcement or some other criminal justice agency are referred to as ______. […]

Classical School that led most of the Western world (including the United States) to embrace this model as the major paradigm for the criminal justice system. iii. Age of Enlightenment: A period of the late 17th to 18th century in […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Test Bank CHAPTER 3: THE CLASSICAL SCHOOL OF CRIMINOLOGICAL THOUGHT Multiple Choice 1. When was the concept of human decision-making and natural culpability acknowledged? a. Renaissance b. Age of Enlightenment c. Reformatory […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 36. The deterrence model assumes that individuals ______. a. are rational and think carefully before committing crimes b. are not in control of their emotions or actions c. are incapable of making […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 39. A teenager who is forced to wear a sign that says “Smoked pot, got caught! Don’t I look cool? NOT!” is participating in a shaming strategy and is being influenced by […]

4.3 List the three key elements of routine activities theory. common theme: Individuals commit crime because they identify certain situations and/or acts as beneficial due to the perceived low risk of punishment and perceived likelihood of profits, such as money […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Test Bank CHAPTER 4: CONTEMPORARY CLASSICAL AND DETERRENCE RESEARCH Multiple Choice 1. ______ is an explanation of crime that assumes crime and victimization are highest in places where three factors come together […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Test Bank CHAPTER 5: EARLY POSITIVISM: BIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF CRIME Multiple Choice 1. Scientists and academics became aware that the Classical School of criminology and deterrence framework did not explain ______. a. […]

5.3 Discuss the shift to more psychological areas, namely IQ testing, and how it affected the field in terms of policy and thinking about individuals’ risk for criminality. how he measured the various body types of this perspective. 5.5 Identify […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 b. no different than those of noncriminals c. about 10 points higher than those of noncriminals d. unable to be tested due to question bias 38. Scoring low on ______ intelligence has […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Test Bank CHAPTER 6: MODERN BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVES OF CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR Multiple Choice 1. ______ studied a family, the Kallikaks, to determine if there is a link between heredity and criminality. a. H. […]

6.5 Identify the regions of the brain that criminological studies implicate for both structural trauma and functioning disorders. 6.7 Discuss the current emphasis on biosocial interactions that have advanced the understanding of the development of criminality. B. Explore some of […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 37. The behavioral genetics approach estimates both the environmental and genetic influences on a given ______, such as criminal behavior. a. genotype b. phenotype c. prototype d. zenotype 38. An observed manifestation […]

7.3 Explain the relation between mental health and the criminal justice system. criminal behavior. ii. Explores research that has linked psychopathy with criminality. iii. Examines issues pertaining to mental illness and the criminal justice system. up the libido. b. Destructive […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Test Bank CHAPTER 7: PSYCHOLOGICAL/TRAIT THEORIES OF CRIME Multiple Choice 1. Sociological theories of crime look at shared factors that may increase crime in society, while ______ theories focus on factors that […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 38. The M’Naghten rule, the Irresistible Impulse Test, the Durham Test, and American Law Institute’s Model Penal Code test are all standards for establishing a/an ______ defense in court. a. insanity b. […]

8.5 Discuss how Robert Agnew’s proposed model of general strain added more sources of strain to Merton’s original framework. on more macro-level factors, such as social institutions. biological or psychological variations across individuals and assume that crime is caused by […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 b. lower-class status frustration c. Merton’s concept of anomie and strain d. general strain theory 38. General Strain Theory has three categories of strain: presentation of noxious stimuli, removal of positively valued […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Test Bank CHAPTER 8: SOCIAL STRUCTURE THEORIES OF CRIME I: EARLY DEVELOPMENT AND STRAIN MODELS OF CRIME Multiple Choice 1. All of the following are considered important European researchers from which social […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Test Bank CHAPTER 9: SOCIAL STRUCTURE THEORIES OF CRIME II: SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION AND SUBCULTURES Multiple Choice 1. ______ claimed that much of human behavior, especially the way cities grow, follows the basic […]

9.3 Identify some current, modern-day examples of specific cultures or subcultures in the United States and how they relate to crime. A. Cultural Context: Chicago in the 1800s and Early 1900s i. Chicago: Fastest growing city in the United States. […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 37. Which theorist wrote a significant book on inner-city, African-American subculture titled The Code of the Streets? a. Burgess b. Darwin c. Park d. Anderson Ans: D Learning Objective: 9.3: Identify some […]

10.3 Discuss early models of social control theory, especially the theoretical frameworks presented by Nye, Reckless, Matza, and Hirschi. b. Often the superior is imitated by the inferior. c. When two mutually exclusive methods or approaches come together, one method […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 38. The general theory of crime contends that if a child has not learned self– control by age ______, then s/he will never have it. a. 10 b. 12 c. 14 d. […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Test Bank CHAPTER 10: SOCIAL PROCESS AND CONTROL THEORIES OF CRIME Multiple Choice 1. ______ is considered one of the most influential criminologists of the 20th century and introduced differential association theory. […]

11.5 Describe the key contributors of alternative perspectives such as peacemaking criminology, the restorative justice perspective, and left realism. conservative (pluralist) and the Marxist/radical. iii. Additional critical perspectives are reviewed, including peacemaking criminology, restorative justice, and left realism. iv. This […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 d. Richard Quinney 39. Which statement is not an established criticism of conflict theory? a. Findings from studies can be interpreted in more than one way. b. Some research studies testing conflict […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Test Bank CHAPTER 11: LABELING THEORY AND CONFLICT/MARXIST/RADICAL THEORIES OF CRIME Multiple Choice 1. ______, in labeling theory, is the type of minor, infrequent offending people commit before they are caught and […]

12.5 Discuss how power-control theory attempts to explain gender differences in delinquency rates. ii. It also discusses traditional theories of female crime, followed by feminist critiques of previous research focusing on women. iii. Finally, discusses various policy and program recommendations […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Test Bank CHAPTER 12: FEMINIST THEORIES OF CRIME Multiple Choice 1. Feminists of the second wave of feminism argued that to be fully liberated, women needed to have all of the following […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 d. the way those in power arrange to maintain the status quo and resist attempts for social change 39. When examining the effects of gender responsive programming, one study revealed that girls […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Test Bank CHAPTER 13: DEVELOPMENTAL/LIFE-COURSE PERSPECTIVES ON CRIMINALITY Multiple Choice 1. Sampson and Laub’s developmental model is considered a more specified form of ______. a. social learning theory b. Moffitt’s taxonomy c. […]

13.4 Identify which specific theoretical frameworks in the developmental/life-course genre seem best to account for specific transitions or trajectories either toward or away from crime. committed early in their preteen or early teenage years. ii. This chapter focuses on explaining […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 True/False 1. Developmental theories are explanatory models of criminal behavior that follow individuals throughout their life course of offending, thus explaining the development of offending over time. Ans: T Learning Objective: 13.1: […]

14.5 Describe various aspects of organized crime, such as definitions, criminal justice responses, and theoretical explanations. excluded, and (4) regular crimes committed by upper-class persons excluded. including types of organized crime groups and different criminal justice responses to these types […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 38. Which type of hackers have a limited technical ability and surf the Internet for hacker utility programs and then launch the programs at a target computer system? a. white hat hackers […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Test Bank CHAPTER 14: WHITE-COLLAR CRIME, ORGANIZED CRIME, AND CYBERCRIME Multiple Choice 1. Who coined the term white-collar crime and is considered the most prominent criminologist of the 20th century? a. Hirschi […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Test Bank CHAPTER 15: HATE CRIMES, MASS MURDER, TERRORISM, AND HOMELAND SECURITY Multiple Choice 1. The ______ amended the Hate Crime Statistics Act to enhance penalties for offenses that involve a motivation […]

15.3. Distinguish terrorist activities from more conventional forms of criminal activities. C. The chapter concludes with a section on homeland security that covers such issues as agencies involved in homeland security and potential conflicts regarding civil liberties. b. Biases against […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 True/False 1. While a hate crime is not exclusively a federal offense, the federal government can, and does, investigate and prosecute hate crimes as civil rights violations. 2. According to the Southern […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 b. 10 million c. 1 billion d. 1 trillion 39. During the 1990s, there was intense focus and scrutiny on women who used illegal drugs during pregnancy, especially among women who gave […]

16.3 Summarize the key links between drugs and crime. implemented to address the drug problem in the United States, including eradication, interdiction, and drug courts. C. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future policies regarding drugs and alcohol. drinking, or […]

Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Test Bank CHAPTER 16: DRUGS AND CRIME Multiple Choice 1. ______ slow(s) down the normal activity of the central nervous system. a. Marijuana b. Depressants c. Narcotics d. Stimulants 2. ______ produces […]