Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
Test Bank
CHAPTER 15: HATE CRIMES, MASS MURDER, TERRORISM, AND HOMELAND
SECURITY
Multiple Choice
1. The ______ amended the Hate Crime Statistics Act to enhance penalties for
offenses that involve a motivation bias.
a. Church Arson Prevention Act of 1996
b. Campus Hate Crimes Right to Know Act of 1997
c. Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994
d. Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2009
2. Which act required the Attorney General, as part of the Uniform Crime Reports
program, to develop guidelines and collect data about crimes that could be based
on race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity?
a. Campus Hate Crime Right to Know Act of 1997
b. Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990
c. Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994
d. Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2009
3. According to model state legislation, the following factors should be
considered hate crimes motivated by a person’s status as homeless EXCEPT
______.
a. acts that result in the death of a person
b. acts that deface, damage, or destroy, or attempt to deface, damage, or destroy
the personal property of the person
c. assault, aggravated assault, battery, or aggravated battery on the person
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
d. violating a contract with a homeless person
4. The ______ makes it unlawful to willfully cause bodily injury, or attempt to do
so, with a dangerous weapon when the offense is committed because of the
actual or perceived race, color, religion, national origin, gender, sexual
orientation, gender identity, or disability of any person.
a. Campus Hate Crime Right to Know Act of 1997
b. Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990
c. Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994
d. Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2009
5. ______ involves terrorist activities against the government that are committed
by rebellious groups.
a. Dissident terrorism
b. Criminal terrorism
c. State-sponsored terrorism
d. Religious terrorism
6. Byers and Crider used what theory to examine hate crimes against the Amish?
a. labeling theory
b. social learning theory
c. neutralization theory
d. routine activities theory
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
7. ______ is a communication frame that exposes corrupt or illegal behavior.
a. Reportage frames
b. Investigative frames
c. Contention frames
d. Mythic frames
e. Cultural recognition frames
8. All of the following are considered general goals for achieving homeland
security EXCEPT ______.
a. respond to and recover from terrorist incidents that occur
b. prevent and disrupt terrorist attacks
c. protect the American people, critical infrastructure, and key resources
d. maintain dominance of minority political parties in America
9. Terrorist financing has been linked to fraud involving all of the following
EXCEPT ______.
a. food stamps
b. credit cards
c. white collar
d. welfare
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
10. The majority of bias-motivated incidents reported by law enforcement
agencies were motivated by a/an ______ bias.
a. religious
b. ethnicity/national origin
c. sexual-orientation
d. racial
11. All of the following use game theory EXCEPT ______.
a. businesses
b. military
c. schools
d. politics
12. ______ is responsible for administration of immigration and naturalization
adjudication functions.
a. U.S. Customs and Border Protection
b. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
c. U.S. Secret Service
d. U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
13. Homeland security is a concerted national effort to prevent and disrupt
terrorist attacks, protect against man-made and natural hazards, and respond to
and recover from which hazards?
a. all hazards
b. security uber alles
c. meta hazards
d. jurisdictional hazards
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
14. All of the following are considered fundamental rights granted to citizens in
the United States EXCEPT ______.
a. right to obtain private records
b. right to confront witnesses
c. right of access to the courts
d. presumption of innocence
15. ______ are the universal values and legal guarantees that protect individuals
against actions or omissions, primarily by government agents, that infringe on
their fundamental freedoms, entitlements, and human dignity.
a. Fundamental rights
b. Human rights
c. Both a and b
16. All of the following are one of the four significant areas of concern for
Homeland Security according to the USA PATRIOT Act EXCEPT ______.
a. conducting foreign intelligence investigations
b. issuing city-level search warrants
c. controlling money laundering
d. collection of communications information and data
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
17. ______ is a process whereby funds, obtained through illegal activities, are
“cleansed.”
a. Fundraising
b. Money laundering
c. Donating
d. Crowdsourcing
18. ______ is motivated by engaging in terrorist acts that are legitimized by
religious dogma.
a. Criminal terrorism
b. Religious terrorism
c. State-sponsored terrorism
d. Racial terrorism
19. ______ includes terrorist acts that transpire due to the guidance of the state
or government against perceived enemies.
a. Criminal terrorism
b. Religious terrorism
c. State-sponsored terrorism
d. Racial terrorism
20. ______: The National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty and the
National Coalition for the Homeless advocated for state legislation that includes
homelessness in hate crimes statutes.
a. Church Arson Prevention Act of 1996
b. Model State Legislation/violence against people experiencing homelessness
c. Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994
d. Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2009
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
21. The sheltering group within an umbrella organization does all of the following
EXCEPT ______.
a. develop ideology for the organization
b. manage supplies
c. develop support structures
d. obtain intelligence
22. Serial killers, mass murderers, and spree killers are all categories of ______.
a. schizophrenia
b. hypomania
c. dysphonicide
d. multicide
23. ______ kill victims in different places without a cooling-off time, typically
driving/moving as fast as they can to the next place of violence.
a. Serial killers
b. Spree killers
c. Mass murderers
d. Victimologists
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
24. What type of killer intends to kill victims he/she knows well, especially family
members?
a. disciple mass killer
b. ideological mass killer
c. family annihilator mass killer
d. disgruntled employee killer
25. Which characteristic below does NOT describe contemporary terrorism?
a. loose, cell-based networks with minimal lines of command and control
b. politically vague, religious, or mystical motivations
c. desired acquisition of high-intensity weapons and weapons of mass
destruction
d. clearly identifiable organizations or movements
26. Which organizational structure below does NOT accurately describe the
numerous ways terrorist groups have been organized?
a. colonies
b. cells
c. pyramids
d. umbrellas
27. In 1989, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) was established to ______.
a. enhance global cybersecurity locally and abroad
b. combat terrorist financing and money laundering
c. fund new technologies related to digital recording
d. extend loans to charitable organizations that oppose terrorism
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
28. What type of communication frame consists of a media report on terrorism
that consists of the broadcaster’s opinion?
a. reporting frames
b. campaigning frames
c. community service frames
d. mythic tales frames
29. What form of terrorism involves unlawful use, or threatened use, of force or
violence by a group or individual based in the United States to intimidate or
coerce others to further political or social objectives?
a. international
b. global
c. domestic
d. unilateral
30. Martin maintained that most of the political violence in the United States can
be categorized as either ______ or right.
a. left
b. justified
c. violent
d. constitutional
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
31. What is NOT one of the three general barriers to understanding terrorism
identified by Brian Forst?
a. Domestic terrorism cases vary widely by type of extremism, justification, and
other factors.
b. Domestic terrorists are seldom born here, so it is hard to profile them.
c. Domestic terrorist activities are extremely unpredictable.
d. It is difficult to analyze because there isn’t enough data to do so.
32. What do we call a unified national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the
United States to lessen America’s vulnerability to terrorism and minimize the
damage resulting from such attacks?
a. domestic stability
b. national enhancement
c. local diplomacy
d.homeland security
33. All of the following are duties of the TSA except ______.
a. take responsibility for security for all types of transportation
b. guard United States borders and monitor them for illegal immigration
c. recruit, assess, hire, train, and deploy security officers for 450 commercial
airports
d. provide screening of all checked luggage for explosives
34. ______ was created under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
Emergency Assistance Act of 1988.
a. USCIS
b. ICE
c. FEMA
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
d. DHS
35. What is NOT one of the Coast Guard’s duties?
a. enforce the country’s maritime laws, interests, and environment
b. confiscate illegal contraband smuggled onto U.S. aircraft
c. protect ports, the flow of commerce, and the marine transportation system
from terrorism
d. prevent and respond to oil and hazardous material spills
36. Which U.S. agency is responsible for safeguarding the country’s financial
infrastructure and payment systems, as well as protecting national leaders and
visiting heads of state and government?
a. Secret Service
b. USCIS
c. ICE
d. DHS
37. What occurred when agencies involved in the reorganization of the
Department of Homeland Security acquired new responsibilities and also were to
continue with their agency’s missions prior to the merger?
a. mission distortion
b. cognitive dissonance
c. prisoner’s dilemma
d. game theory
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
38. When the Patriot Act expired and was replaced by the Freedom Act, the
Senate voted to terminate ______.
a. the Department of Homeland Security
b. the NSA’s collection of phone data
c. the ability of the TSA to search luggage without a warrant
d. all classifications of hate crimes
39. President Obama made statements after shooting attacks that demonstrate
______.
a. that he advocates banning private gun ownership and restricting gun
ownership to military and police.
b. that he wants to maintain private gun ownership and add certain gun control
measures.
c. he thinks the Orlando, San Bernardino, and Las Vegas shootings as rare
incidents that should not cause widespread fear.
d. his insistence that these types of attacks can occur anywhere in the world and
often do.
40. Over the past 25 years, the support for gun control in the U.S. has ______.
a. increased
b. decreased
c. stayed the same
d. not been measured