Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
Test Bank
CHAPTER 12: FEMINIST THEORIES OF CRIME
Multiple Choice
1. Feminists of the second wave of feminism argued that to be fully liberated,
women needed to have all of the following EXCEPT ______.
a. equal access to economic opportunities
b. freedom of conscience
c. sexual freedoms
d. civil liberties
2. ______ pertains to behaviors and attitudes toward certain individuals that treat
them as though they are on a pedestal.
a. Gender
b. Patriarchy
c. Paternalism
d. Chivalry
3. Feminist criminology evolved when ______.
a. women began committing crime
b. a woman committed the first female murder
c. various assumptions and stereotypes about women in criminal justice were
being questioned
d. women behaved differently than men
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
4. According to socialist feminist perspective, what may be women’s ultimate
worst enemy?
a. liberalism
b. capitalism
c. patriarchy
d. socialism
5. The Declaration of Sentiments stressed the need for reforms in all of the
following EXCEPT ______.
a. employment
b. child custody laws
c. divorce
d. property
6. A perspective that says women as a group cannot be understood, even by
other women, because every person’s experience is unique; therefore, there is
no need to measure or research such experiences.
a. liberal feminism
b. conservative feminism
c. radical feminism
d. postmodern feminism
7. ______ argued that there are basic biological differences between males and
females.
a. Cesare Lombroso
b. Otto Pollak
c. W. I. Thomas
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
d. Sigmund Freud
8. The power-control theory attempted to explain gender differences in
delinquency rates by including ______.
a. social constructs
b. family dynamics
c. environmental influences
d. socioeconomic status
9. Multiracial feminism is an intersectional framework that includes such defining
social characteristics as all of the following EXCEPT ______.
a. sexuality
b. nationality and/or race
c. geographic region
d. class
10. According to power-control theory, an integral aspect to the relationship
between family dynamics, gender, and delinquency rates was ______.
a. environmental context
b. social structure
c. cultural acceptance
d. social class
11. Socialist feminism attempts to synthesize ______ and ______ feminism.
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
a. Marxist; liberal
b. radical; Marxist
c. conservative; liberal
d. postmodern; radical
12. ______ typically collects data, usually though interviews, at one point in time
that provide retrospective inquiry as to an individual’s life and life experiences.
a. Qualitative research
b. Life-course research
c. Pathways research
D. Quantitative research
13. Amanda Burgess-Proctor was a proponent of multiracial feminism, which
includes such defining social characteristics as race, class, gender, sexuality,
nationality, and age; multiracial feminism can be distinguished from other feminist
perspectives by several factors EXCEPT ______.
a. ignore the interaction of social structure and women’s agency
b. gender relations do not exist in a vacuum
c. it is founded on the concept of relationality
d. it stresses the importance of recognizing the ways intersecting systems of
power and privilege interact on all social-structural levels.
14. The phrase “the personal is the political” refers to the notion that the “private
sphere” is as structured as the “public sphere” by power relations involving all of
the following factors EXCEPT ______.
a. age
b. race
c. religion
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
d. sexuality
15. ______ argued that women are more criminal in nature than have been
generally perceived. He also suggested that criminologists should address the
unknown criminality of women.
a. Cesare Lombroso
b. Otto Pollak
c. W. I. Thomas
d. Sigmund Freud
16. ______ denotes that women need to be protected for their own good. In a
broader social context, this implies independence for men and dependence for
women.
a. Gender
b. Patriarchy
c. Paternalism
d. Sex
17. What Amendment to the Constitution gave women the right to vote?
a. Eleventh
b. Fifteenth
c. Nineteenth
d. Twentieth
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
18. All of the following are considered one of the four virtues comprising the
attributes of true womanhood EXCEPT ______.
a. purity
b. domesticity
c. piety
d. assertiveness
19. The negative characterization of the black female as domineering, strong,
assertive, independent, and masculine is called ______ stereotype.
a. the mammy
b. the seductress
c. the Amazon
d. the sinister Sapphire
20. Welfare liberal feminists favor government involvement in providing citizens,
particularly underprivileged individuals, with all of the following EXCEPT ______.
a. food and water
b. housing
c. social security
d. health care
21. The first wave of feminism started in the ______ and included ______ as one
of its major events.
a. late 1700s; American Revolution
b. mid-1800s; Seneca Falls Convention
c. 1960s; Civil Rights Act of 1964
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
d. 1980s; Violence Against Women Act
22. The second wave of feminism started in the ______ and included ______ as
one of its major events.
a. late 1700s; American Revolution
b. mid-1800s; Seneca Falls Convention
c. 1960s; Civil Rights Act of 1964
d. 1980s; Violence Against Women Act
23. According to ______ causes of gender inequality are due to biological sex
differences, and social behavior is based on the biological sex differences.
a. patriarchy
b. traditional or conservative perspective
c. gender
d. paternalism
24. Which idea is not consistent with NOW’s 1967 Bill of Rights for Women?
a. The Equal Rights Amendment should be ratified.
b. All women should have equal employment rights and not lose opportunities
due to childbirth or pregnancy.
c. Women should enjoy reproductive freedom when it comes to birth control and
abortion.
d. The government should not be involved in any way with child care facilities.
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
25. A major criticism of the liberal feminist perspective is that it ______.
a. primarily focuses on the interests of white, middle-class, heterosexual women
b. focuses too much on women of color and Latinas and not enough on white
women
c. fixates on the cause of those who are economically disadvantaged and ignores
all gender issues
d. only focuses on the concerns of lesbians and transgender individuals and not
at all on heterosexual women
26. Which statement is not consistent with a radical feminist philosophy?
a. Gender is a system of male dominance.
b. Women’s biology is the main cause of the patriarchy.
c. Women should strive to be exactly like men.
d. Sexism is the worst example of human oppression.
27. Which statement is not accurate about radical-cultural/radical libertarian
feminism?
a. Critics say that they need to reconcile the split between themselves in an effort
to avoid polarization, particularly in the area of sexuality.
b. Many believe that there is no such thing as consensual heterosexuality,
although they concede these relationships can be pleasurable.
c. They believe that only lesbians are capable of consensual sex in a patriarchal
society.
d. They all agree on one universal function for human sexuality.
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
28. Which type of feminism believes that, “women as a group cannot be
understood, even by other women, because every person’s experience is unique;
therefore, there is no need to measure or research such experiences, and there
is no single formula for being a good feminist”?
a. Marxist feminism
b. socialist feminism
c. postmodern feminism
d. radical feminism
29. Which type of feminism perceives domination—of women, minority groups,
animals, and the Earth—as the essential problem rather than the patriarchy?
a. postmodern feminism
b. ecofeminism
c. Marxist feminism
d. radical feminism
30. What types of attributes of female criminals did Lombroso focus on the most?
a. physical
b. emotional
c. spiritual
d. psychological
31. W. I. Thomas argued that a woman who went into prostitution did so to
______.
a. enhance her financial security
b. satisfy a desire for excitement and response
c. improve an often fragile level of self-esteem
d. reject the stereotype of a good mother
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
32. Sigmund Freud believed that women ______.
a. were intellectually superior
b. were anatomically superior
c. are overly concerned with social issues
d. were anatomically inferior
33. Otta Pollack believed that ______.
a. women were honest to a fault
b. females had a deceitful nature
c. a woman’s socialization made it harder for her to commit crimes
d. women’s biology did not affect potential criminality
34. The liberation thesis, also referred to as the emancipation hypothesis,
attempts to link the ______ with ______.
a. women’s liberation movement; female crime rates
b. 19th Amendment; declining fertility rates
c. industrial revolution; prison overpopulation
d. theories of Sigmund Freud; radical feminism
35. What does objectivity mean?
a. biased
b. tautological
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
c. unbiased
d. controversial
36. Which statement is not one of those identified by Kathleen Daly and Meda
Chesney-Lind that distinguish feminist thought from other forms of social and
political thought?
a. Systems of knowledge reflect men’s views of the natural and social world; the
production of knowledge is gendered.
b. Gender and gender relations order social life and social institutions in
fundamental ways.
c. Women should be at the center of intellectual inquiry, not peripheral, invisible,
or appendages to men.
d. Gender is a natural fact that is separate from social, historical, and cultural
influences.
37. What type of research typically collects data, usually through interviews, at
one point in time that provide retrospective inquiry as to an individual’s life and
life experiences?
a. life-course
b. pathways
c. anecdotal
d. quantitative
38. Praxis refers to ______.
a. the difference between quantitative and qualitative research
b. the way researchers choose which type of quantitative analysis to use
c. the establishment of alternative arrangements that will provide models for
change