Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
True/False
1. While a hate crime is not exclusively a federal offense, the federal government
can, and does, investigate and prosecute hate crimes as civil rights violations.
2. According to the Southern Poverty Law Center, Ku Klux Klan chapters grew
from 72 in 2014 to 190 in 2015.
3. A hate crime is a criminal offense against a person or property motivated in
whole or in part by an offender’s bias against a race, religion, disability, ethnic
origin or sexual orientation.
4. The Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990 amends a section of the Higher
Education Act of 1965 that provides “for the disclosure of all criminal incidents
that manifest evidence of prejudice based on race, gender, religion, sexual
orientation, ethnicity, or disability.”
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
5. In 1998, James Byrd Jr., an African American man, was tied to a truck by
white supremacists and then dragged and decapitated.
6. A burglar is caught in the middle of burglarizing a residential home of a Muslim
imam (priest). The burglar does not know the homeowner is Muslim. As the
burglar runs from the scene of the crime, he yells a racial slur at the homeowner.
The offender’s identity is unknown. This is a hate crime.
7. Part of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service is now part of the U.S.
Customs and Border Protection agency.
8. Simulation theory assesses various scenarios by applying simulation gaming
models, usually to understand why parties in competitive situations behave as
they do and to advise players of the best way to play the game.
9. The punishment for arson of a church can vary from one (1) year
imprisonment and a fine to death.
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
10. The first known terrorist group was the Sicarii, an extremist group of the
religious sect of Zealots.
11. The number of private citizens being killed due to terrorist attacks has
increased by 172% from 2013 to 2014.
12. There are documented connections between terrorist groups and drug
trafficking, particularly in reference to smuggling pseudoephedrine.
13. Much of what the general public knows about terrorism is from the media.
14. Censorship refers to whether media coverage of a terrorist incident inspires
more terrorism.
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
15. There are several categories of multicide, and killers can fit more than one
category.
16. The majority of school shootings are committed by individuals, not two
people, and the individual is usually part of the social mainstream at the school.
17. Very few multicide offenders are African Americans.
18. Most acts of domestic terrorism are committed by Muslims.
19. In 2018, the total number of hate groups increased to 1020.
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
20. There is one universal, agreed-upon definition of terrorism.
21. Criminal dissident terrorism involves engaging in criminal activity for profits,
such as in the drug cartels in Mexico.
22. If a group of people within one of the 50 United States decided it wanted to
secede from the rest of the country and establish independence through acts of
terrorism, it would be an example of dissident terrorism.
23. Data from the Global Terrorism Index show that the countries most impacted
by terrorism since 2016 were the United States, Canada, and France.
24. The most common type of terrorist attack is a bombing/explosion.
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
25. Empirical studies show that the most likely theories to best explain terrorism
rare strain theory, both traditional and more recent versions, and to a lesser
degree social learning theory.
Essay
1. According to Byers and Crider, why were the Amish perceived as suitable
targets (three reasons)?
2. Define target congruence.
3. Give two (2) examples of domestic terror threats as defined by the Federal
Bureau of Investigation.
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
4. Define game theory.
5. What are the three (3) general barriers to understanding terrorism as defined
by Brian Forst?
6. What is the three-step process associated with money laundering?
7. In an attempt to distinguish terrorism from other types of criminal activity and
irregular warfare, Bruce Hoffman identified terrorism as having what five (5)
characteristics? How does this compare with other definitions of terrorism,
including yours?
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
8. The Church Arson Prevention Act of 1996 prohibits what two (2) things?
9. Describe the Matthew Shepard or James Byrd case and the legislation that
was enacted because of these crimes.
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
10. Describe multicide and provide an example.
11. Why are hate crimes considered to be subjective in nature?
12. Why were the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 and
the Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990 passed into law?
13. Describe three of the types of mass killers.
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
14. What two (2) factors must terrorist organizations have to interact with
change?
15. What must institutions of higher education disclose according to the Campus
Hate Crimes Right to Know Act of 1997, and why was it created (present the
findings from the Congressional hearing)? Why would places of higher education
not want to disclose all criminal incidents that occur on their campus?
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021