Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
Test Bank
CHAPTER 16: DRUGS AND CRIME
Multiple Choice
1. ______ slow(s) down the normal activity of the central nervous system.
a. Marijuana
b. Depressants
c. Narcotics
d. Stimulants
2. ______ produces about 90% of the cocaine powder entering the United
States.
a. Bolivia
b. Peru
c. Colombia
d. Brazil
3. Soldiers were given ______ not only to ease the pain of their injuries but also
to relieve the symptoms of dysentery.
a. morphine
b. heroin
c. methamphetamine
d. steroids
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
4. Anabolic-androgenic steroids are synthetically produced variations of ______.
a. testosterone
b. metabolic proteins
c. estrogen
d. insulin and growth hormone
5. Enacted in 1906 authorizing federal regulations on any medication is ______.
a. War on Drugs
b. Harrison Act
c. Pure Food and Drug Act
d. Prohibition
6. ______ involve(s) violent behaviors induced by the effects of a drug or illegal
activity that is motivated by continued drug use.
a. Drug-related crimes
b. Drug-defined crimes
c. Crimes associated with drug use
d. Drug use associated with crimes
7. ______ are drugs that alter one’s thought processes, mood, and perceptions.
a. Amphetamines
b. Inhalants
c. Steroids
d. Hallucinogens
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
8. The DEA has designated five chemicals often found in spice as ______
controlled substances, making it illegal to sell, buy, or possess these chemicals.
a. Schedule I
b. Schedule II
c. Schedule III
d. Schedule IV
9. Designer drugs are all of the following EXCEPT ______.
a. derivatives of approved drugs
b. can circumvent existing legal restrictions
c. are only manufactured in places other than the United States
d. considered to be for recreational use
10. Other than the United States, what is the only other country that allows
pharmaceutical companies to advertise their products directly to consumers?
a. England
b. China
c. Germany
d. New Zealand
11. Of the three (3) groups of “sinister geniuses” who marketed crack, which
group is set up very small-scale operations?
a. nameless kitchen chemists and drug traffickers
b. crime organizations
c. gangs
d. designer drug labs
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
12. All of the following are considered characteristics of countercultures EXCEPT
______.
a. claims of superiority over the dominant society
b. members who reject spiritual leaders and refuse religion
c. sexual relationships that deviate from the nuclear family ideal
d. members who reject many of the status symbols of the larger society
13. Baby boomers, those individuals born following ______, now form what is
considered to be one of the largest generations in U.S. history.
a. American Revolution
b. World War I
c. World War II
d. Civil War
14. What Amendment repealed Prohibition?
a. Eighteenth
b. Nineteenth
c. Twentieth
d. Twenty-First
15. The first major wave of morphine addiction occurred during the ______.
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
a. American Civil War
b. World War I
c. World War II
d. American Revolution
16. Heroin is a chemically modified form of what drug?
a. gamma-hydroxybutyric (GHB)
b. Rohypnol
c. oxycodone
d. morphine
17. Two German scientists working at Bayer marketed and sold the first ______.
a. benzodiazepines
b. tranquilizer
c. alcoholic beverage
d. barbiturate
18. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration, binge drinking is defined for males as at least ______ drinks on
the same occasion on at least one day.
a. three
b. four
c. five
d. six
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
19. What level of ethanol dose can result in an individual having a comatose
physical state?
a. 1–4 oz.
b. 4–12 oz.
c. 12–16 oz.
d. 16–24 oz.
e. 24–30 oz.
20. In an effort to address the increasing number of drug-using offenders
clogging the criminal justice system, ______ were established, especially in
urban areas of the United States.
a. criminal courts
b. abstinence courts
c. drug treatment courts
d. family courts
21. In 2018, President Trump signed into law the SUPPORT act, which attempts
to address concerns with ______.
a. cybercrime and identity theft
b. the opioid epidemic
c. sex trafficking and pornography
d. building new prisons
22. Oklahoma Attorney General Mike Hunter filed a multi-million dollar case
against ______ for allegedly using deceptive marketing strategies to create an
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
oversupply of painkillers that has resulted in enhancing the country’s opioid
epidemic, and it is the first to have reached the trial stage.
a. Johnson & Johnson
b. Purdue Pharma
c. Teva Pharmaceutical Industries
d. Bayer
23. What is a drawback for programs related to the
maintenance/decriminalization of drugs?
a. Individuals dependent on psychoactive substances could lead more productive
lives; abusers would have an opportunity to become contributing members of
society.
b. Drugs such as cocaine, amphetamines, and heroin that are easily available to
adults could also be abused by youths, similar to cigarettes and alcohol.
c. The aggressive marketing strategies of traffickers would no longer be
operative.
d. Criminal organizations would no longer remain viable if they continued in drug
trafficking.
24. Sarah Messer and her colleagues applied the ______ theory to drug courts
since they could be considered a turning point for an offender.
a. rational choice
b. life course
c. trait
d. social disorganization
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
25. Elliott Currie argues that substance abuse is not an isolated problem limited
to certain communities and groups; rather, it is intertwined with broader social
problems such as family dissolution, child abuse and neglect, and ______.
a. pollution
b. lack of health insurance
c. alcohol abuse
d. low income
26. Key issues identified by the Ohio HIDTA include availability of heroin has
increased, availability and abuse of heroin has declined, the availability and
abuse of controlled prescription drugs has increased, and ______.
a. the availability and production of methamphetamine has been low
b. the availability and production of methamphetamine has been high
c. sales and production of crack cocaine has declined
d. sales and production of crack cocaine has increased
27. The ______ program is involved in various activities, including multiagency
investigative, interdiction, and prosecution activities, as well as prevention and
treatment efforts.
a. National Interdiction Command and Control Plan
b. Office of National Drug Policy
c. High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas
d. Drug Enforcement Agency
28. ______ is a general term used to describe the multi-step, usually sequential
continuum of effort/events focused on interrupting illicit drug trafficking.
a. Elimination
b. Monitoring
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
c. Disrupting
d. Interdiction
29. Abadinsky concludes that reducing the consumption of drugs by enhancing
law enforcement efforts and providing large-scale treatment programs will
______.
a. not solve other sociological problems associated with drug use
b. reduce most of the sociological problems associated with drug use
c. lead to a drastic increase in drug usage
d. result in aggressive behavior by drug addicts
30. Disputes over territory between rival drug dealers, assaults, and homicides
committed within dealing hierarchies as a means of enforcing normative codes,
robberies of drug dealers, and the usually violent retaliation by the dealers are all
______.
a. aggressive behaviors associated with the system of drug distribution and use
b. anomalies that are only seen with specific drugs in urban or municipal areas
c. crimes that are only committed by specific populations in society, specifically,
males 18–24
d. behaviors that were seen in the 1980s with the emergence of crack cocaine
but have seen rapidly declined
31. The ______ model maintains that some substance users engage in violent
crime, such as robbery, to support their expensive drug habit.
a. systemic violence
b. economically compulsive violence
c. tripartite conceptual framework
d. interdiction strategies
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
32. What framework suggests that drugs and violence are related to each other
through psychopharmacological, economically compulsive, and systemic
violence?
a. Systemic Violence
b. Economically Compulsive Violence
c. Tripartite Conceptual Framework
d. Interdiction Strategies
33. ______ model of drugs and violence contends that some individuals, due to
either short-term or long-term use of certain drugs, may become excitable,
irritable, and/or irrational.
a. Schizophrenia Violence
b. Psychopharmacological Violence
c. Propensity Violence
d. Interdictive Violence
34. Benjamin Nordstrom and Charles Dackis conducted an extensive review of
literature that focuses on addiction and crime and found support for three leading
hypotheses that indicated: (1) drug use and criminal behavior have a common
cause; (2) drug use influences criminal behavior; and (3) ______.
a. drug use has a high correlation with divorce
b. anxiety sufferers used more depressants than other people
c. deviance increases the likelihood of drug use later in life
d. people with ADHD were more likely to use stimulants
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
35. ______ is/are a designer drug that contains mephedrone, pyrovalerone, and
methylenedioxypyrovalerone.
a. Bath salts
b. Molly
c. MDMA
d. Methamphetamine
36. Joker, Kush, and Kronic are synthetic versions of ______.
a. heroin
b. marijuana
c. cocaine
d. hydrocodone
37. ______ drugs are substances considered to be for recreational use;
derivatives of approved drugs that can circumvent existing legal restrictions.
a. Experimental
b. Medicinal
c. Quasi
d. Designer
38. According to Altarum, a non-profit health research and consulting institute,
the cost of the opioid crisis in the United States from 2001 to 2017 was over
______.
a. 1 million