Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
Test Bank
CHAPTER 2: MEASURING CRIME
Multiple Choice
1. Instances when crimes do not come to the attention of law enforcement or
some other criminal justice agency are referred to as ______.
a. the iceberg
b. unreported crimes
c. dark figure of crime
d. a, b, and c
2. The UCR stands for ______.
a. Uniform Cop Report
b. Uniform Court Reports
c. Uniform Crime Reports
d. Uniform Corrections Reports
3. The UCR is broken up into two different types of crime ______.
a. violent crimes and corporate crimes
b. felonies and misdemeanors
c. Part I and Part II crimes
d. white-collar crimes and street crimes
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
4. In the 1960s, the FBI developed the ______ to gain more information on
victims and offenders of murder.
a. Uniform Homicide Report
b. National Homicide Report
c. Supplementary Homicide Reports
d. none of these
5. The Supplementary Homicide Reports allow for ______ reporting.
a. mandatory
b. anonymous
c. voluntary
d. none of these
6. The FBI developed an enhanced UCR Program which is named the ______.
a. National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
b. Supplemental Homicide Report (SHR)
c. National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)
d. Hot Spot Data (HSD)
7. The Hate Crimes Act of 1990 was created because ______.
a. there was an increasing concern of these types of crimes
b. this was when the first hate crime occurred
c. Latinos protested against educational inequality
d. a constitutional amendment mandated the act
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
8. The Attorney General is required to develop guidelines and collect data about
crimes that manifest evidence of prejudice based on race, religion, sexual
orientation, or ______.
a. age
b. state of origin
c. ethnicity
d. disability status
9. ______ collects data from participating agencies on officer line-of-duty deaths
and assaults.
a. NCVS
b. NIBRS
c. UCR
d. LEOKA
10. ______ type of death occurs when the officer is on or off duty and acting in
an official capacity while reacting to a situation that would ordinarily fall within the
scope of his or her official duties as a law enforcement officer.
a. Felonious death
b. Line-of-duty
c. Thin blue line
d. Accidental death
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
11. ______ type of death occurs when an officer is killed because of or while
performing his or her official duties and as a direct result of a criminal act by a
subject.
a. Felonious death
b. Line-of-duty
c. Thin blue line
d. Accidental death
12. ______ type of death occurs when an officer dies as a result of an accident
he or she is involved in while performing his or her duties (e.g., an officer being
struck by a vehicle while directing traffic, drowning during a rescue attempt).
a. Felonious death
b. Line-of-duty
c. Thin blue line
d. Accidental death
13. Unofficial measures of crime, such as the ______, further broaden our
understanding of crime with information from official measures of crime.
a. NIBRS
b. UCR
c. NCVS
d. SHR
14. What criminal offense is not measured in the NCVS?
a. rape
b. robbery
c. domestic violence/intimate partner violence
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
d. murder
15. Surveys address four broad classes of questions, EXCEPT ______.
a. the prevalence of attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors
b. changes in these attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors over time
c. differences between groups of people in their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors
d. requests to condemn existing attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors
16. Which of the following is NOT a reason law enforcement would use the
NCVS data?
a. to enhance citizen cooperation with officials in deterring and detecting crime
b. to develop street and park lighting programs in high crime areas
c. to establish special police strike forces to combat those crimes
d. to mandate curfews for juveniles
17. Any individuals ______ and older are eligible to participate in the NCVS
survey.
a. 15
b. 10
c. 8
d. 12
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
18. ______ collect data by asking respondents to provide information about
themselves, usually as to whether they have engaged in certain forms of illegal
behavior.
a. Police officers
b. Self-report surveys
c. Judges
d. Victim surveys
19. Self-report information can be collected through all of the following except
______.
a. law enforcement arrests
b. surveys
c. interviews
d. all of these
20. The ______ collects information to measure substance and alcohol use
patterns among youths.
a. NCVS
b. NIBRS
c. MTF
d. UCR
21. The primary objective of the ______ is to generate a consistent and reliable
set of crime statistics that can be used in law enforcement administration,
operation, and management.
a. SHR
b. UCR
c. NIBRS
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
d. LEOKA
22. In 2004, the FBI discontinued use of ______ because the way crimes were
classified and scored under it resulted in inaccurate indicators of criminality in
specific jurisdictions.
a. The Crime Index
b. The Department of Justice
c. UCR
d. Self-reporting surveys
23. According to the hierarchy rule of UCR crime classification, if an offender
committed a burglary by breaking into a home, vandalism by spray painting the
outside of the home, and a larceny by stealing a laptop inside the home, only the
______ would be reported or scored.
a. vandalism
b. larceny
c. burglary
d. trick question; the hierarchy rule requires all three to be reported
24. Exceptions to the hierarchy rule include human trafficking/commercial sex
acts, human trafficking/involuntary servitude, and ______.
a. burglary
b. robbery
c. aggravated assault
d. arson
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
25. Although the Summary Reporting System used by the UCR does not have
detailed information, the ______ collects additional information about homicide
cases.
a. IRS
b. SHR
c. LEOKA
d. CIA
26. In addition to the SHR, which two agencies collect data on homicides?
a. CIA and DHHS
b. CDC and NVSS
c. DOJ and DOT
d. IRS and ATF
27. The UCR was primarily used by law enforcement agencies, and soon other
agencies started to use the data for planning and policy. This led to a need for
more detailed data and the establishment of the ______.
a. NIBRS
b. NVSS
c. SHR
d. LEOKA
28. The FBI has a goal that is to transition the UCR Program to a NIBRS-only
data collection by ______.
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
a. 2021
b. 2031
c. 2051
d. 2071
29. The ______ is a primary measure of crime in the United States that is based
on interviews with victims of crime.
a. NIBRS
b. NCVS
c. UCR
d. SHR
30. The NCVS data are useful for identifying populations at risk for becoming
crime victims, estimating multiple victimization rates, providing necessary data for
crime prevention programs, and ______.
a. helping victims prepare trial testimony
b. assisting victims with calculating restitution
c. referring victims to social service agencies
d. comparing numbers, locations, and patterns of crime
31. The UCR’s primary purpose was to provide reliable criminal justice data for
law enforcement, while the NCVS was to collect information ______.
a. that was previously unavailable and/or unreported
b. from offenders themselves and not victims
c. regarding sexually-based offenses only
d. that pertains to juveniles only
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
32. The NCVS does not collect information on homicides, arson, commercial
crimes, and ______.
a. burglary in the nighttime
b. larceny over $1,000
c. crimes against children under the age of 12
d. cybercrime
33. Both the UCR and the NCVS programs collect crime data, but there are
several differences between the two. They use different methods to collect crime
data and use different sample bases to calculate rates for different crimes. In
addition, ______.
a. the UCR gets data only from interviews
b. the NCVS gets data primarily from law enforcement agencies
c. the UCR never includes estimates about crimes
d. their estimates of crime may contain variations
34. Generally, surveys address four broad classes of questions regarding the
participants’ attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. These include (1) the prevalence of
them; (2) changes in them; (3) differences between groups of people regarding
them; and (4) ______.
a. causal propositions about them
b. assumptions about them
c. requests to reconsider them
d. mandates to change them
Schram, Introduction to Criminology 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
35. When were the earliest self-report studies conducted?
a. the early 1800s
b. the early 1900s
c. the early 1940s
d. the early 1990s
36. ______ studies have been used to measure detailed data regarding drug and
alcohol use, physical and sexual abuse, adverse childhood experiences, and
intimate partner violence.
a. SHR
b, LEOKA
c. UCR
d. Self-report
37. The primary goals of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health are to
provide state and federal estimates about the levels and patterns of substance
abuse, as well as current trends, and future consequences, and to identify
______.
a. the chemical makeup of future synthetic drugs
b. groups at high risk for abuse
c. the names of high-level drug dealers
d. those with current immigration issues
38. The NPS Program collects data on ______.
a. the most commonly abused narcotics in a given year
b. the number of crime victims in a geographical area
c. data on state and federal prisoners
d. data on federal correctional officers