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General strain theory is not purely a structural theory because it focuses on how life events influence behavior. a. True b. False Maleinsecrimes such as murder and rape reflect which view of crime? a. the consensus view of crime b. […]

According to the structural perspective, crime rates are a function of _____forces such as neighborhood conditions,cultural factors, and norm conflict. a. situational b. internal c. political d. ecological When evaluating the three primary sources of crime data, the crime patterns […]

Ineffective families have been linked to persistent violent offending. Which is not a factor characteristic of an ineffective family? a. parental oversight b. inconsistent discipline c. inconsistent supervision d. physical abuse Locking gates, and putting unbreakable glass on storefronts are […]

Which concept assumes that the propensity of an individual to participate in criminal behavior is relatively stable and unchanging over one’s life course? a. authority conflict b. early onset c. population heterogeneity d. state dependence The definition of the term […]

If Breivik had received psychological counseling at an early age and still went on a murder spree as an adult, then which Freudian concept would be most supported by this scenario? a. firearm availability b. thanatos c. human instinct d. […]

Their oldest child Walter Jr. will be moving to the local high school. He previously attended the school at the family’s Catholic Church, where he attended mass weekly. What risks are there for Walter Jr. by leaving the Catholic school? […]

Latent trait theorists believe human development is controlled by a master trait present at birth or soon after that results in a. low intellectual development. b. verbal and physical aggression. c. an increased propensity to commit crime. d. a reduced […]

terrorism promotes the interests of a minority ethnic or religious group that believes it has been persecuted under majority rule and wishes to carve out its own independent homeland. a. Nationalist b. Endemic c. Retributive d. State-sponsored Agencies of social […]

Psychological disorders are prevalent among victims of domestic violence. a. True b. False Which of the following is NOT a basic concern of critical criminologists? a. the increased effect of mass media pertaining to demystifying the law b. the role […]

Biosocial research has found that abnormal levels of the male sex hormones or androgens produce aggressive behavior. a. True b. False The restorative justice model holds that____ should be applied to prevent and control crime. a. deterrence b. incapacitation c. […]

The general theory of crime is criticized for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: a. Impulsivity is only one personality trait correlated with crime. b. Does not explain racial and gender differences in crime. c. Assumes that criminal propensity does […]

Counselors who help victims to understand the operations of the criminal justice system, who guide victims through the justice process, and who may provide transportation to and from court are called a. victim advisors. b. victim reconcilers. c. victim advocates. […]

True / False 1. Criminology is an academic discipline that uses scientific methods to study the nature, extent, cause, and control of criminal behavior. a. True b. False 2. The criminological enterprise sub–area of victimology is concerned with specific criminal […]

True / False 1. Guns do not cause violence, but their presence can escalate its severity. a. True b. False 2. In 1991, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the validity of shield laws and ruled that excluding evidence of a […]

True / False 1. All criminal acts perpetrated by politicians are deemed political crimes. a. True b. False 2. According to political crime expert Jeffrey Ian Ross, intent is neither necessary nor sufficient for an action to be labeled a […]

42. To be considered terrorism, an act must a. be carried out with the intent to disrupt and change the government b. be a common-law crime committed for greed or egotism. c. be state-sponsored only d. involve the mass murders […]

True / False 1. Poachers typically lived in the country and supplemented their diet and income with game that belonged to a landlord. a. True b. False 2. The criminaloid” describes the kind of person who hides behind his or […]

True / False 1. Public order crimes are outlawed because they threaten the general well-being of society and challenge society’s accepted moral principles. a. True b. False 2. Some acts that cause enormous amounts of social harm are perfectly legal. […]

True / False 1. Cyber crime presents a compelling challenge because it is difficult to detect through traditional law enforcement channels. a. True b. False 2. Cyber bullying, like all other forms of bullying, is achieved through an imbalance of […]

True / False 1. The Bureau of Justice Statistics collects data from local law enforcement agencies and publishes them yearly in its Uniform Crime Report (UCR). a. True b. False 2. The “Hierarchy Rule” impacts the validity of the National […]

True / False 1. Until about 40 years ago, crime victims were viewed by criminologists as passive targets who were considered to be in the “wrong place at the wrong time.” a. True b. False 2. Some victims, especially the […]

True / False 1. Rational choice theory has roots in the positivist school of criminology. a. True b. False 2. The concept behind rational choice theory is that crime is a function of a decision-making process in which the potential […]

True / False 1. The early research of Lombroso and his contemporaries is regarded as scientific fact. a. True b. False 2. According to sociobiology, living in a disadvantaged neighborhood will cause a well–adjusted person to commit crime. a. True […]

True / False 1. The “truly disheartened” is the term used by William Julius Wilson to describe socially isolated people who dwell in urban inner-cities, who occupy the bottom rung of the social ladder, and who are the victims of […]

True / False 1. Social process criminologists focus on socialization rather than the environment when explaining crime. a. True b. False 2. Social control theory suggests that people learn techniques and attitudes of crime from close relationships with criminal peers. […]

True / False 1. According to the conflict view, crime is a political concept designed to protect the power and position of the upper classes at the expense of the poor. a. True b. False 2. Critical criminologists contend that […]

True / False 1. Developmental theories attempt to explain the natural history of a criminal career encompassing its onset, continuation, and termination. a. True b. False 2. Latent trait theories hold that human development is controlled by a “master trait” […]

Which of the following is not a characteristic of transnational organized crime? a. Transnational organized crime has economic gain as its primary goal b. It involves continuous commitment by primary members c. Transnational criminal syndicates employ predatory tactics, such as […]

Which type of terrorism uses violence to frighten those in power and their supporters in order to replace the existing government with a regime that holds acceptable political or religious views? a. revolutionary terrorism b. political terrorism c. nationalist terrorism […]

Individuals interact with various people, organizations, institutions and social norms as they mature and develop. This process is referred to as a. integration. b. socialization. c. assimilation. d. civilization. The ticking bomb scenario is sometimes used to justify a. torture […]

Identify and explain the three ethical issues that impact criminological research. Answer:Answers will vary Explain the concept of “early onset” and discuss the factors that cause chronicity. Answer:Answers will vary. State Victims’ Bills of Rights generally include allowing the victim […]

Which statement reflects structuring criminality based on economic need? a. Career offenders have learned when to take a chance and when to be cautious. b. Offenders commit crime because they may know people who have made “big scores” c. Criminals […]

The totality of research on the effect of dropping out of high school indicates one fact – high school dropouts face a significant chance of entering a criminal career. a. True b. False A contested election is generally defined as […]

While mainstream criminologists criticize critical criminologists, what do critical criminologists accuse mainstream criminologists of doing? a. failing to recognize structural differences in society b. selling out their ideals for the chance to receive government funding c. focusing on expressive crimes […]

Behaviorists view aggression as an inherited behavior. a. True b. False According to institutional anomie theorists, the______is both a goal and process to accumulate goods and wealth. a. American Dream b. American Hope c. American Ideal d. American Myth Answer: […]

Situational crime prevention tactics generally fall into one of four categories. Which of the following is not one of those categories? a. increasing the use of probation for committing crime b. increasing the risk of committing crime c. increasing the […]

According to sociobiology, living in a disadvantaged neighborhood will cause a well-adjusted person to commit crime. a. True b. False Research shows that African American children receive more disciplinary infractions than children from other racial categories. a. True b. False […]

Two days after three women missing at least a decade were freed from a home in downtown Cleveland, details about the victims and the suspect began to emerge. Police said Amanda Berry, Gina DeJesus and Michelle Knight were all held […]

The definition of political terrorism is a. terrorism directed at people or groups who oppose the terrorists’ political ideology or whom the terrorists define as “outsiders” who must be destroyed. b. the use violence to frighten those in power and […]

terrorism involves citizens or the territory of more than one country. a. International b. State c. Official d. “Real” Police are more likely to arrest the mentally ill, giving the illusion that they are crime-prone. a. True b. False Answer: […]

Research on the immediate impact of well-publicized executions a. indicated that executions have an immediate impact on murder rate. b. evidenced an immediate impact effect at the state level. c. failed to find evidence that an execution produces an immediate […]

According to the author, the most important wielder of informal social control is religion. a. True b. False Absent or deviant parents and inconsistent discipline have been linked to persistent violent offending. a. True b. False Answer: True The USA […]

Discovery of the chronic offender has forced criminologists to consider in their explanations of crime. a. marriage and employment b. supervision and control c. persistence and desistence d. age and gender Policies based on developmental theory feature multi-systemic treatment efforts […]